Amandla adonsela phansi: izici nokubaluleka esisebenzayo

XVI - XVII kwekhulu, abaningi kufanele ngokuthi esikhathini okhazimula kunabo bonke endaweni umlando physics. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi kwakusekelwe ikakhulu wabeka izisekelo, ngaphandle okuyinto ukuqhubeka kwale sayensi kwakuyoba umane engacabangeki. UCopernicus, uGalileo, Kepler Wenza umsebenzi omkhulu ukusho mayelana physics njengoba isayensi ukuthi ungakwazi yini ukuphendula cishe noma yimuphi umbuzo. Ngingedwa lonke Imivubukulo eminingi etholakale kuwufanele umthetho wamandla adonsela phansi, indlela amagama abekwe ngayo sokugcina okuyinto is owned by abavelele usosayensi oyiNgisi-Isaac Newton.

Inani oyinhloko umsebenzi ososayensi alikho kokutholakala amandla elanga adonsela phansi - khona kwale ezidlula phambi Newton wathi noGalileo, futhi Kepler, futhi yena wayemane ngowokuqala ukufakazela ukuthi emhlabeni wonke, futhi wabelane umsebenzi emkhathini ibutho budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye emizimbeni.

Newton ukuqinisekisile umkhuba futhi kwakuthiwa kugomela iqiniso lokuthi ngokuphelele zonke izidumbu endaweni yonke, kuhlanganise nalezo ezingasebenzisi emhlabeni, nihlanganyele. Lokhu kusebenzelana liye labizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi, ngenkathi inqubo kwamandla adonsela phansi jikelele - adonsela phansi.
Lokhu kusebenzelana kwenzeka phakathi izidumbu ngoba kukhona ekhethekile, ngokungafani nanoma iyiphi enye uhlobo daba, okuyinto kwezesayensi libizwa ngendawo okudonsa izinto. ukhona Le nkambu futhi usebenza ngokuphelele emhlabeni iyiphi into, kungekho isivikelo ingekho, njengoba akanalutho ku njenganoma iyiphi ikhono zingene impahla.

Amandla adonsela phansi, nencazelo futhi okubekwe ngayo okwanika Isaak Nyuton, umsebenzi oqondile komkhiqizo nenqwaba izidumbu uxhumana, futhi inhlukanozigaba esikweleni izinto ibanga mezhduetimi. Ngokusho Newton, irrefutably kuqinisekiswa nophenyo esisebenzayo, amandla adonsela phansi simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

F = Mm / R2.

It kungokwalabo ukubaluleka okhethekile G okudonsa njalo, okuyinto cishe elilingana 6.67 * 10-11 (N * m2) / kg2.

Amandla adonsela phansi ngawo emizimbeni bakhangwa Umhlaba, icala esikhethekile umthetho Newton ubizwa ngokuthi amandla adonsela phansi. Kulokhu, lo njalo okudonsa kanye nenqwaba Umhlaba ngokwawo kungenziwa dengwane, ngakho amandla adonsela phansi ekutholeni ifomula kungaba:

F = mg.

Lapha, g - nje ukushesha ngokuwa khulula, ukubaluleka ezinombolo okuyinto cishe elilingana 9.8 m / s2.

umthetho Newton ichaza hhayi kuphela izinqubo letentiwako ngqo emhlabathini, lapho ephendula imibuzo eminingi ehlobene kudivayisi kulo zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ikakhulukazi, amandla adonsela phansi phakathi zasemkhathini unomthelela juqu ukuhamba amaplanethi azungeza emzileni yabo. Incazelo theory bale nhlangano elinikwe okwamanje ngu Kepler, kodwa ukufunda kwakunokwenzeka kuphela lapho uNewton washayelwa umthetho yakhe edumile.

Newton yena exhumene lomkhuba gravity eliwumhlaba futhi ezisemkhathini usebenzisa isibonelo esilula: lapho ixoshe kusuka uhlamvu inganono akusho ihambe iqonde, futhi umgudu arcuate. Kulokhu, ngokwandisa ophethe neziqhumane futhi nenqwaba nucleus kuyoba owokugcina ukundiza eminye futhi eminye. Ekugcineni, uma sicabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba uthole kakhulu neziqhumane futhi ukwakha inganono ukuze core landizela emhlabeni wonke, ukuthi ngokwenza lokho hambisa, ngeke ayeke futhi uzoqhubeka isiyingi (okweqanda) ukuhamba kwayo, liphendulwe yokufakelwa satellite Zomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla adonsela phansi kuyafana ngokwemvelo futhi emhlabeni futhi emkhathini.