Te amafutha - kwabahle umonakalo

Idatha eshicilelwe engamashumi amathathu edlule kubonise ukuthi amafutha te ziyimbangela eyinhloko yokuthola izifo eziphathelene nenhliziyo. Kodwa namuhla, ososayensi kwafakazela ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abantu abasha musa ngempela ngakususi amafutha kusuka ekudleni kwakho. Uma sikhuluma nabantu asebekhulile, imingcele ukungena yabo zisasebenza namanje ngokwesayensi.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inama zihlobene eduze zofuzo lomuntu zinengxenye izinqubo umzimba, yizici isakhi ulwelwesi yemvelo, njll Abasebenzi University of Cardiff wafakazela ukuthi ubisi fat kunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, odokotela belulekwa ukuba namanje angasebenzisi ubisi lonke, hhayi ngalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo by izingane kanye nabantu abasha ukwenza kungalimaza kakhulu kunokuba kusize. Esikhathini ekudleni kuyadingeka ukuze zinciphise isibalo "okubi" trans-amafutha, ushukela nosawoti.

Namuhla siyazi ukuthi inama musa abangele isisindo somzimba. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo kungenxa esibalulekile carbohydrate ukusetshenziswa. Ukusetshenziswa isilinganiso esiphansi amafutha icuphe ukuthuthukiswa izifo eziningi. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuhlobene amavithamini fat-encibilikayo A, D, E, K, F. Lezi zici ngeke nje angeke amuncwa wumzimba ngaphandle lipids okwanele. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho hypo- ne avitaminosis. Akufanele sibakhohlwe ukuthi kokubili hormone steroid futhi Bile acid zihlobene lipids. Amafutha - isinikeza ukwaziswa ekuvikeleni, yinto ebalulekile ekutholeni amandla, amanzi kanye substrate endogenous for synthesis eziningana ezibangela bioactive ukuba i umzimba.

Futhi usadinga ukuthola ukuthi kukhona amafutha. Chemistry kwamafutha (lipids)

Bonke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu amakhulu: okulula, okulukhuni nemikhiqizo. Iqembu lokuqala yilawo aqukethe glycerol (utshwala trihydric) kanye ama-fatty acid ephakeme. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa triacylglycerols, sterols futhi waxes. I-molecule iqukethe glycerol lipid eziyinkimbinkimbi, ama-fatty acid ephakeme, acid phosphate futhi sulfate, izinto ye-nitrogen, ama-carbohydrate nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali eziningi. I-derivatives zihlanganisa lipids carotene, acid okunamafutha, alcohols ephakeme, abanye amavithamini fat-encibilikayo , njll

Ngokuphathelene acid okunamafutha aphezulu ku amafutha, basuke ikakhulukazi emelelwa acyclic ayegcwele kanye unsaturated okunamafutha acid. Ukwakheka amafushana kukhona acid eyindilinga carboxylic, futhi hydroxyacids. inama anezinga eliphakeme palmitic, stearic, myristic acid. Kuyinto eyaziwayo ukuthi abanye acid unsaturated okunamafutha kungukuthi kukhiqizwa emzimbeni noma kuhlelwe enganele, inani eliphansi. Kule ndaba, bebizwa nge ebalulekile noma owusizo. Ukuze leli qembu eyakhe arachidonic, linoleic, linolenic acid. Essential fatty acid e eyanele lemali ezitshalo. Kodwa amahwahwa esidumbu ubisi iqukethe semali ye arachidonic acid. Monounsaturated amafutha aqukethe omningi oleic acid.

Kubantu, amafutha ayegcwele (triacylglycerides) asetshenziswa njengoba amandla impahla. Lezi zihlanganisa nalabo okuvela ezilwaneni, kanye nemifino okuqinile. Triacylglycerols emikhiqizweni eminingi inyama okunamafutha inyama nemikhiqizo yobisi, ushokoledi kanye imikhiqizo confectionery. ukusetshenziswa okweqile lezi amafutha kungabangela ukwanda lokuhlushwa cholesterol emzimbeni. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-cholesterol "sokugembula" imali kwi izindonga imithambo yegazi, nakho, kubangela ukuthuthukiswa izifo ezifana isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kuyaqina semithambo siphukile, akhiwa ukopha.

Izazi zokudla zitusa ukudla esincane amafutha ayegcwele. I eziyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni abhekwa trans-amafutha. isomers okunjalo akhiwa ngenxa isenzo izici ezingokomzimba chemical ku yemifino amafutha, okuyinto ukushintsha isimo sabo somzimba kusuka uketshezi okuqinile. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa imajarini confectionery amafutha ukupheka. Abakwazi ukukhiqiza umphumela umdlavuza.