Bile acid. Umsebenzi we acid Bile. biochemistry isibindi

Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, sakwazi ukuthola okuningi ulwazi olusha mayelana Bile wakhe futhi acid. Kule ndaba, kwaze kwadingeka ukuba buyeketa abuye ukunwetshwa imibono mayelana ukubaluleka kwabo ukusebenza umzimba womuntu.

Indima Bile acid. Uhlolojikelele

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kanye ngcono izindlela zocwaningo kwenza ukuba uhlole ngokuningiliziwe acid Bile. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona manje ukuqonda kangcono umzimba ekusebenzelaneni kwabo ne amaprotheni, lipids, zombala nokuqukethwe ezicutshini futhi uketshezi lomzimba. Imininingwane Kuqinisekisiwe okubonisa ukuthi acid Bile zibaluleke esikhulu, hhayi nje ukusebenza evamile pheshana emathunjini. Lezi zinto zehlela zinengxenye izinqubo eziningi emzimbeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi isicelo yezindlela zakamuva zocwaningo abone kakhulu ngokunembile ukuziphatha Bile acid egazini, kanye nendlela sinomthelela umgudu wokuphefumula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye compounds isinyathelo sezinzwa uhlelo neminyango. Yathandwa ukubaluleka kwabo ulwelwesi intracellular nezinqubo zangaphandle. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi acid Bile ukwenza njenge surfactants imvelo sangaphakathi i umzimba.

amaqiniso angokomlando

Lolu hlobo zamakhemikhali Strecker usosayensi wathola phakathi kwekhulu XIX. Wathola ukuthi Bile wezinkomo has ezimbili acid organic. Eyokuqala iqukethe nesibabule. iqukethe kahle yesibili Nokho, yalolu ketshezi, has a ifomula ohluke ngokuphelele. Ngo inqubo ukugaya yalezi zamakhemikhali kwakhiwa cholic acid. Ngenxa yalokho ezinguquko zezakhi ngenhla kwakhiwa glycerol. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwenye acid Bile yakha into ehluke ngokuphelele. Ibizwa ngokuthi taurine. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlamvu lokuqala compounds ezimbili abangu amagama wasabela igama babebhala izinto. Ngakho lapho tauro- futhi glycocholic acid, ngokulandelana. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso usosayensi wanikeza sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ezifundwa ikilasi ka zamakhemikhali.

Bile acid sequestrants

Lezi izinto kukhona iqembu izidakamizwa ezinethonya hypolipidemic emzimbeni womuntu. Eminyakeni yamuva, base kabanzi cholesterol ephansi egazini. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukunciphisa ingozi pathologies ezehlukene eziphathelene nenhliziyo isifo senhliziyo. Okwamanje, imithi yesimanje sisetshenziswa kabanzi, elinye iqembu imithi eminye esebenza ngempumelelo. Lezi izidakamizwa lipid-ukwehlisa kukhona statin. Zisetshenziswa kakhulu kaningi ngenxa ayinayo imiphumela eminingi engemihle. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje sequestering Bile acid asetshenziselwa kancane njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi ayesebenzisa basuke kuphela kohlaka ukwelashwa okuhlangene nasizayo.

ulwazi oluningiliziwe

ekilasini steroid kuhlanganisa monokarbainovye acid hydroxy. Bahlale abakhuthele ukudla okuqinile ezingenakho chaza emanzini. Lezi acid zibangelwa ukucutshungulwa isibindi cholesterol. Ngo ezincelisayo, bona aqukethe 24 carbon ama-athomu. Ukwakheka evelele Bile compounds ezahlukene kwezinhlobo ezahlukene izilwane. Lezi zinhlobo tauholevuyu yakha emzimbeni futhi glycolic acid. Chenodeoxycholic futhi compounds cholic basonta isigaba esiyinhloko. Kanjani akha? Le nqubo has a biochemistry ukubaluleka isibindi. uxhumano Primary umphumela synthesis cholesterol. Kwalandela inkosikazi engumakhelwane nayo inqubo conjugation nge taurine noma glycine. Khona-ke zonke lezi zinhlobo acid bavezwa Bile uketshezi. izidakamizwa Lithocholic futhi deoxycholic kufakwe uxhumano yesibili. Basuke kwakhiwa emathunjini ezinkulu kusukela eyinhloko acid ngaphansi kwethonya amagciwane wendawo. Izinga ukumuncwa compounds deoxycholic itsatfwa kunakunoma lithocholic. Okunye yesibili Bile acid zenzeka okuncane kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, lezi zihlanganisa ursodeoxycholic. Uma kukhona cholestasis okungamahlalakhona compounds abakhona ngamanani amakhulu. isilinganiso esimaphakathi lezi izinto - 3: 1. Ngenkathi cholestasis Bile acid okuqukethwe kakhulu kudlulwe. Micelles kukhona lokubolekwa yezinhlayiya. Basuke kuphela aba khona uma uphonsa lokuhlushwa lezi zakhi ku isixazululo aqueous idlula umkhawulo uphawu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi acid Bile kukhona surfactants.

cholesterol Izici

Le into kuyinto kabi oncibilikayo emanzini. Isilinganiso lokuhlala lipid kanye izinyo lomhlathi lecithin okuhlushwa acid solubility izinga kuncike cholesterol Bile. micelles ezixutshiwe kwenzeke kuphela ebe egcina Ingxenye evamile kuzo zonke lezi zinto. Bona cholesterol. zinhlayiya kwenze singaphansi thuthuva lokhu isilinganiso. Umsebenzi we acid Bile ayigcini ukususwa cholesterol emzimbeni. Isiza ukumuncwa amafutha emathunjini. Micelles nazo imiswe phakathi nale nqubo.

Movement compounds

Esinye sezimo Bile kumiswa main iyasebenza ukunyakaza acid. Lezi zinto zehlela ukudlala indima ebalulekile ukuthuthwa electrolyte namanzi emathunjini ezincane nezinkulu. Ziyakwazi okuqinile particulate ndaba. lokushisa yabo ukuncibilika ngokwanele okusezingeni eliphezulu. Sinenkosi ukunambitheka ababayo. Bile acid abakalungiselelwa oncibilikayo emanzini, kanti isixazululo alikhali futhi utshwala - okuhle. Lezi zinto zehlela kukhona amagama ahlobene of cholanic acid. Bonke abanjalo acid kwenzeke kuphela hepatocytes cholesterol.

umphumela

Ukubaluleka esikhulu phakathi kwazo zonke compounds esidi kukhona nosawoti. Lokhu kungenxa eziningi izakhiwo mikhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona polar ezingaphezu kuka nosawoti mahhala Bile acid, ube usayizi elincane emakamu nokukhawulela ka micelle kumiswa futhi ngeke ethakwa. Isibindi yisona sakhiwo kuphela olukwazi ukushintsha cholesterol ku ethize cholanic acid. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-enzyme abathintekayo conjugation, eziqukethwe hepatocytes. Ukushintsha inkonzo yabo encike ngqo kwi ukwakheka kanye velocity oscillations isibindi Bile acid. Inqubo zamagama ulawulwa indlela impendulo engeyinhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukushuba zalesi simo is kuhlobene nezinga samanje yesibili Bile acid esibindini. Norma zamagama abo umzimba womuntu awuwona ngempela ongaphakeme - kusukela ezingamakhulu amabili kuya kwamathathu angu ngosuku.

imisebenzi esemqoka

acid Bile abe ezahlukene lapho uya khona. Emzimbeni womuntu, bona kakhulu ukufeza zamagama cholesterol kanye nomthelela ukumuncwa amafutha kusukela amathumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zezakhi ehilelekile nemithethonqubo kanye excretion biliary of Bile. Lezi izinto futhi abe nethonya elinamandla inqubo ukugaya kanye ukumuncwa lipids. nezihlanganiso zazo uyangena emathunjini amancane. Inqubo yenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya monoglycerides futhi khulula fatty acid, okuyizinto ezifakwa okunamafutha phezu. kwakhiwa Ngakho ifilimu elincanyana, okuyinto evimbela uxhumano amaconsi amancane amafutha voluminous more. Lokhu kukunika ukuncipha eqinile ye ukungezwani surface. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni izixazululo micellar. Nazo ngokufanayo, lula isenzo lipase pancreatic. Nge ukuphendula adipose ke uhlaba ukuba glycerol, okuyinto eminye ugxile odongeni emathunjini. Bile acid zixhumene ne okunamafutha hhayi chaza emanzini futhi yakha holeinovye. Lezi zinto zehlela basuke kalula wajinge wanamatsela futhi ngokushesha matasa nge phezulu villi emathunjini amancane. Holeinovye acid ibe micelles. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angena amaseli, breaking ulwelwesi yabo ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphandle inkinga. Imininingwane yatholakala zocwaningo zakamuva kule ndawo. Bathi ubudlelwano phakathi amanoni Bile acid kule ezidabula cell. Eyokuqala zibangelwa ekupheleni ukumuncwa lipids. Odlule - ngokusebenzisa vein portal faka isibindi igazi.