Uyini umugqa? Umqondo obuphelele, isibonelo nesilinganiso

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi umugqa enjalo? Ithuluzi elula yokukala obuphelele. Futhi lokho satise has ezimpilweni zethu! Ngaphandle kube nzima ukwenza umfundi, unjiniyela, draftsman.

Umlando omncane

Injalo evamile, njengoba sasivamise ukumbona, yena okwaziwa kusukela Omkhulu French Revolution. Lena iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili edlule. Kodwa lapho ivela khona kungenziwa sangomhla isikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kwalokho. Phakathi kumbiwa emzini yasePompeii lasendulo, abavubukuli baye bathola efana uhla izimfanelo - kuhlanganiswe amabhodi bushelelezi.

Futhi Ephakathi kunikeza ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi ithuluzi amazing, okuyinto uba ipuleti ezondile phambili. Ngo Rus lasendulo metal Amabha esetshenziselwa nesilinganiso.

Yiqiniso, singakwazi manje ukwahlulela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwaba kubonakala kuphatheke kabuhlungu kakhulu, kodwa ngiyazi ukuthi indaba ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa umugqa.

Icacisa yokukhiqiza impahla

Uyini umugqa? Idivayisi eveza emgqeni indiza ngenjongo nesilinganiso ngekwendzawo. Emngceleni zangaphandle yayo imakwe amayunithi, okuyinto ukukhonza njengephayona milimitha futhi isentimitha, futhi umbusi English - intshi.

It zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene: Plastics (ukuhlukanisa esobala futhi opaque, nezimo futhi kube lukhuni), paperboard, metal ngisho nezicubu.

Ukuze unqume Ubukhulu esinembile komugqa kungcono ukusebenzisa umbusi metal. Ngoba plastic ukufuthelana at the ushintsho kancane e lemali futhi ngaphansi kwethonya umswakama ukhuni ivame ukuba sikhukhumale. Plastic umbusi esobala kulula ukuyisebenzisa, njengoba awubhekene isithombe. Kodwa kuyinto izinkuni eziningi ibala iphethini okudinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ekungcolisweni.

Metal umbusi wenziwe ishidi steel ngenhloso ngaphandle luze has a sekugcineni-chrome emelanayo ukugqwala.

Ubude umugqa

Uma sesithole esiphethweni sokuthi lo mugqa zokulinganisa, kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngobude bayo.

Ngokusho GOST, ngesikhathi ubuso bayo sisetshenziswa ngesilinganiso ekhethekile. Kungaba kusuka 150 kuya ku-3000 mm. Okuningi funa umugqa, ubude okuyinto 300, 500 no-1000 mm.

umugqa Ngaphandle ezifanayo, abe nobubanzi ebusweni 18 kuya 40 mm kuye ngobude. ukujiya wabo nengxenye noma omunye milimitha. Zonke aqukethe equidistant komunye nomunye, uhlukanisa imivimbo kunani 1 mm.

Zero ibha kukhulunywe iphuzu ekulinganiseni amathuluzi. Kuyinto ngokuvamile ekupheleni kwesokunxele umugqa bese kubhekwa isilinganiso esigungwini.

On the umbusi imethrikhi zingafakwa eyodwa, kodwa izikali ezimbili. Kukhona ezifana wokulinganisa izinsimbi lapho division zero onelungelo nokuhlakanipha ngakwesobunxele.

Ngakho, iziqu umbusi - iyona element elula ngomdwebo ziphawulwe isikali kuso, lapho ungakwazi ukwakha zeJiyomethri, enze izilinganiso komugqa futhi izibalo.

Uhlelo wezinyathelo asetshenziswe ububanzi imethrikhi

Imitha iyunithi elikhulu zokulinganisa, futhi indima ayisisekelo imethrikhi uhlelo amayunithi kukhona isentimitha. Omunye imitha has eziyikhulu ngamasentimitha.

ukuqoqwa elikhulu bona ahlelwe ngaphansi lapho izindinganiso kwamadijithi selisho amasentimitha (cm). Njengomthetho, ubude esezingeni umugqa amathathu ngamasentimitha. A elide phakathi amamaki kuyinto isentimitha alinganayo.

Small odwi umugqa e evele kuyoshaya phakathi okususiwe ezinkulu, amelela amamilimitha angu. Omunye isentimitha has amamilimitha angu eziyishumi (mm).

Ake sihlole njengesibonelo umsebenzi "Kala umugqa obuphelele usiba obungangenhloko kakhanjana." Indlela ukukwenza?

Isibambo kufanele ibekwe endaweni eqinile, futhi izilinganiso zingenziwa nombusi.

Kuyadingeka ukuba uxhume umugqa emaphethelweni kwesokunxele isibambo, uzodinga ukulandela iyophela ezingeni ne zero uphawu. Lokhu kumele lulungiswe nge isandla sobunxele kanye nesokudla ukulungisa isikhundla ekupheleni kudivayisi wokulinganisa.

izinombolo Extreme asondele ekupheleni into kulinganiswa, futhi kuyoba ubude bayo. Ake sithi kuba 15 amasentimitha, futhi okusele division encane, kulandela umkhawulo wabo buboniswa ngokuba izinombolo ezine, kuzosho amamilimitha angu. Ngakho, ukusingatha obuphelele 18.4 mm.

into Ukumeda ubude - indlela owenziwa ngokusebenzisa emgqeni into. Yena, singenakulinganiswa ngokuqhathanisa ubude bayo ukukala ukubaluleka. Ukuze ukususwa izinyathelo nomuntu thunga izingubo, balisebenzise kangcono imitha, i band nokunwebeka. Nokho, uma ufuna ukulinganisa ibanga elide, isimo sikuvumela ukusebenzisa ithephu. Futhi ekugcineni, yini uhla imethrikhi? Idivayisi ukukala lapho ukufundwa zifundwa kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla. Inombolo wathola ngakwesokudla, ziyonquma obuphelele. Izinkomba abhalwe njengamazwi ingxenyenamba yedesimali, isib, 0.5 cm.