Umoya Uranus: kwengoma. Uyini umoya Uranus?

Izithombe ezithathwe "Voyager 2" satellite namanje in the 90s elikude, wasibonisa Imiphumela emangalisayo. Okumangazayo umoya ogqamile ka Uranus - kungcono ukuthi yini eyenza le planethi, ngaphandle encanyana core idwala-metal. Iqiniso lokuthi okhokho bethu abangabakhe kokutholakala amaplanethi yangaphandle sonozungezilanga, babeqiniseka ukuthi kambe zonke, efana Earth, has a ebusweni, ikhava emoyeni futhi phansi izingqimba. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, imidondoshiya igesi beswela ke, ngoba abamele imodeli ezimbili ungqimba amaplanethi.

History of the ukutholakala kanye idatha olujwayelekile mayelana iplanethi

Ngokuya ibanga eLangeni, Uranus iyona iplanethi lwesikhombisa. It wavulwa Uilyam Gershel ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa isibonakude zokuhlola izinkanyezi. Ngaphambi kwalokhu isikhathi eside, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi Uranus iyisilawuli kude kuphela inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu. Herschel yena, ukuthatha amanothi ngalokhu nendikimba ethile esemkhathini, ekuqaleni kuqhathaniswa ngayo enomsila, kamuva ngaqala ukuba afinyelele esiphethweni sokuthi lokhu kungakuthinta kanjani kwenye iplanethi SS. Yiqiniso, ngemva isiqinisekiso zonke ukutholakala kokuma yaba newozawoza. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho muntu owayazi ukuthi isimo Uranus ngempela futhi ukuthi waba ekwakheni. Manje siyazi ukuthi orbit - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ohlelweni. Sun uzungeze iplanethi enguMhlaba iminyaka 84. Kule nkathi ayenawo yayo emhlabeni axis awo kancane amahora angaphezu kuka-17. Ngenxa yalokhu umoya Uranus, okuyinto vele siqukethe igesi esindayo, kuba ngendlela emangalisayo aminyene futhi uzabalaza ingcindezi enkulu core.

Umlando isimo imfundo

Kukholakala ukuthi ukubukeka nezingokwenyama izici Uranus ithonya ikhenela yayo, kanye inqubo lasungulwa. Kuqhathaniswa kwemigomo iplanethi (25 559 km - engaba enkabazwe), umnyombo miniature. Ngenxa yalokho, akuyona umthombo wamandla noma kazibuthe, njengoba kunjalo-Jupiter ne-ngokuqinile ngokwanele heats zonke amagesi akha emkhathini Uranus. Ukwakheka kwalo, kungazisiza esingeke siyithole ukubunjwa Jupiter noma Saturn, kodwa kuzo zonke lezi amaplanethi bayingxenye isigaba esisodwa. Iqiniso lokuthi Uranus lizungezwe ice amagesi, iqhwa kweliphezulu zokuguqulwa yayo, amafu methane nezinye Izakhi ezisindayo. amagesi okunjalo ukukhanya njenge-hydrogen ne-helium, abakhona emkhathini kuphela izinto eziningi ezincane. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo leli phuzu. Ngokuhambisana izwi lesinqumo kuqala futhi le amandla adonsela phansi ka-nucleus ngesikhathi ukwakha MOP ayemancane kakhulu ukuheha amagesi ukukhanya. Eyesibili ukuthi endaweni lapho kwasungulwa i-Uranus, babeyidlanzana nje esindayo yizici zamakhemikhali, elaba kokusekelwa kwezwe.

Ukuba khona emkhathini, ukubunjwa yayo

Uranium yaqale wafunda ngokuningiliziwe kuphela ngemva kokuhamba "Voyager 2", okwakwenza izithombe okucace kakhulu. Bavumela ososayensi ukunquma isakhiwo esiqondile iplanethi nomkhathi wawo. Okungukuthi, igobolondo uzibona Uranus ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu:

• I iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva iyona ejulile. Ingcindezi lapha basukela 100 kuya 0.1 ibha, futhi ukuphakama lesi sendlalelo lingaphansi kuka 500 km kusuka ezivamile ezingeni nesiphuku.
• I Stratosphere - emkhathini ungqimba ephakathi nendawo. It usesikhundleni ukuphakama 50 kuya 4000 km.
• Exosphere. Uranus sangaphandle emkhathini, lapho ingcindezi iya zero, kanye lokushisa air esiphezulu uphansi.

Kuzo zonke lezi zogqinsi ngezabelo ezahlukene amagesi ezilandelayo: helium, i-hydrogen, i-methane, ammonia. Futhi, kukhona amanzi ngefomu zokuguqulwa ezihlukahlukene ice and umusi. Nokho, isimo Uranus, okwakhiwa kwalo ifaniswe ne igobolondo uzibona Jupiter kuyahluka coldness Amazing. Uma igesi ngobukhulu giant emoyeni uquqaba sishisiswe esiphezulu, ke basuke selehlile phansi degrees 50 UKelvin, futhi ngenxa yalokho nginemibuzo isisindo enkulu.

iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva

Isendlalelo kwangempela emkhathini manje kwakuthiwa kuphela yakhelwe njengoba ukufinyelela kuye Earthlings imishini asisho okwamanje uvumela. Stone umnyombo iplanethi lizungezwe amafu sakhiwa ice zinhlayiya. Ziyakwazi esindayo futhi asebenzise ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu enkabeni iplanethi. Lokhu kulandelwa ifu ammonium hydrosulfide ke - kumiswa emoyeni hydrogen sulphide kanye ammonia. Le ngxenye angaphandle we iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva ukuthatha i-methane amafu ukuthi tint iplanethi e nombala ofanayo oluhlaza. Amazinga air iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva kubhekwa kakhulu emhlabeni. It zokhahlamba kusuka 200 K. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa ngobukhulu kuba neqhwa ungqimba kule planethi. Kodwa lena kuphela umbono ocatshangelwayo.

Stratosphere

Ukutholakala Uranus Atmosphere ukunikeza compounds yamagesi ezinkulu nezincane nokukhiqiza, kanye zamagama iplanethi ibala lazo tint ogqamile. Zonke lezi zinqubo kwenzeke maphakathi emoyeni igebe, lapho kunama-molecule ammonia ne-methane e-helium ne-hydrogen. Ice zinhlayiya ke ukuthatha ukuguqulwa okuhluke kakhulu kunangesikhathi iThrojani efaka isimeli seseva, zingabantu ngenxa ammonia, kwamukele yikuphi ukukhanya okuvela isikhala. Isivinini somoya kule Stratosphere-100 m / s, ukuze wonke amafu ngokushesha ukushintsha isimo sabo ngo isikhala. Esikhathini Stratosphere zenzeka auroras kukhona mists ngokuvamile kwakhiwa. Kodwa kwezulu ezifana iqhwa noma imvula, is hhayi waphawula.

exosphere

Ekuqaleni, ngalokho isimo Uranus, it is bahlulelwe egobolondweni yangaphandle. Lokhu strip mncane wamanzi crystallization, okuyinto wasibekela Imimoya nemisinga enamandla maphakathi izinga lokushisa aphansi zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Siqukethe igesi ukukhanya (i-hydrogen ne-helium yamangqamuzana), i-methane, elisetendeni semali ezingqimbeni luthe ukuqina bengekho. Isivinini somoya kule exosphere ifinyelela 200 m / s, izinga lokushisa uwela 49 C. Yingakho iplanethi Uranus, lapho umoya njengoba ice baba abandayo kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu, ngisho uma liqhathaniswa nomakhelwane balo ezikude - Neptune.

Uranus Riddle kazibuthe

Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-Uranus oluhlaza osebenzisa kuma-axis awo, ngohlangothi yayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi okwamanje SS iplanethi sibhekene netshe elisemkhathini noma eminye imigwamanda isikhala, okuyinto ishintshile isikhundla salo, ngaleyo ndlela ukusonta kazibuthe. Kude eksisi esichaza enyakatho naseningizimu ye-iplanethi isihlobo nenkabazwe, eksisi kazibuthe kugudlukela ngu 59 degrees. Lokhu kudala, kwasekuqaleni, ukusatshalaliswa engalingani adonsela phansi, kanti okwesibili - amaphaphu ukungalingani ku ama- wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. Nokho, cishe, yilo isikhundla ongaqondakali kuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya Uranus futhi ukubunjwa yayo eliyingqayizivele. Babalelwa ku-nucleus aphethwe amagesi esindayo kuphela ezingqimbeni maphakathi - amanzi esitheni. Mhlawumbe uma izinga lokushisa lalilide lapha, i-Uranus kungaba ulwandlekazi sakhiwa amanzi avamile, okuyinto umthombo wokuphila.

Uranus ubamba konke futhi wonke umuntu

Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, umkhathi Uranian ligcwele izindodla i-methane. Lokhu igesi sinzima ngokwanele, ngoba uyakwazi iyavuleka infrared. Okungukuthi, zonke ukukhanya okuvela Sun, nezinye izinkanyezi namaplanethi, ebhekisela umoya Uranus, iphenduka ibe luhlaza ogqamile. Muva nje, ososayensi baye baphawula ukuthi iplanethi futhi edla amagesi angaphandle ukuthi zitholakala endaweni evulekile, nge kuyindida yayo ukuthi insimu ababuthakathaka kazibuthe. Njengengxenye izingqimba phakathi nomkhathi nesikhutha zitholiwe carbon monoxide amagesi. Kukholakala ukuthi badonseleka kuleli iplanethi kusuka enomsila odlulayo.

Ice umbuso uhlelo lwethu

Amaplanethi amabili angaphandle SS - ke Uranus ne-Neptune. Bobabili shades isici bluish, kokubili kwakhiwa kusukela amagesi. Isibhakabhaka ka-Uranus ne-Neptune - sekuyahwalala okufanayo, ngaphandle-aspect ratio. Amandla adonsela phansi futhi ungqimba we nuclei kokubili amaplanethi Cishe efanayo. I ephansi izingqimba umkhathi Neptune njengoba Uranus akhiwa amanzi acacisa, exutshwe methane ne-hydrogen sulfide. Lapha, eduze nengaphakathi ice imidondoshiya abathukuthelela ukuba abangaphezu kuka-200 UKelvin, kanjalo ukwakha yayo kazibuthe. Atmosphere Uranus ne-Neptune lelinenombolo lefana hydrogen yamangqamuzana ngezithako zawo - amaphesenti angu-80. I yangaphandle emoyeni ungqimba Neptune futhi zinomoya okusezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa izinga lokubanda lapho ethe xaxa - 60 K.

isiphetho

Ukuba khona Uranus 'emkhathini, isimiso, kuqinisekisa ukuba khona kule planethi. igobolondo Aerial iyona Isakhi esiyinhloko uranium. It is kakhulu sekuqala ukufudumala eduze nucleus, kodwa esiphezulu ukupholisa phansi izingqimba kakhulu. Nakuba planethi asiphili ngenxa yokushodelwa umoya namanzi ewuketshezi. Kodwa kulindeleke ukuba abacwaningi, uma izinga lokushisa core liqala ukuphakama, zinhlayiya ice jikisa ulwandlekazi, okungase sengathi wayedabuka amafomu entsha yokuphila.