Amapuleti Lithospheric: imfundiso yokuziphendukela amapuleti lithospheric

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela amapuleti lithospheric - omunye ezithakazelisayo kakhulu isayensi nokuma kwezwe. Hypothesis mobilism (okwehlukile - ukugudluka kancane kancane kwamazwekazi), kanye ukhohliwe, manje baphinde bavuselwe, sibonga kokutholakala kazibuthe anomalies izingongolo ngezibonakaliso kushintshana, okuyizinto ziyalingana maphakathi no-ocean emikhulu (izimbazo yabo), i-magnetization eyinhloko, kanye ayashintsha ngesikhathi magnetic pole isikhundla.

isiqinisekiso okuphindiwe inkolelo yokungafi ukunwetshwa ekujuleni kolwandle eduze eksisi emikhulu maphakathi no-wasolwandle ezindaweni neuropathy etholakala ngokuhamba kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo, kanye ngenxa ejulile amanzi imishini. umnikelo ngokuthi ucwaningo nentuthuko umqondo yezwekazi drift (mobilism) wenza izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngokwenza ucwaningo lwabo, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba acacise indlela ukusatshalaliswa esishintshashintshayo ukuzamazama komhlaba surface eMhlabeni. Kwatholakala ukuthi lezi zindawo kukhona olunzulu, kodwa ngempela emincane: zingabantu eduze arc main, kanye eziseceleni amazwekazi naphakathi no-ocean lamagquma.

plate ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba

Lokhu mobilism hypothesis ngokuthi "Plate ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba". Ababona kangaka - ingqikithi abathandekayo ezinkulu nedlanzana isigamu eziyisishiyagalombili ezincane. Lesi sakamuva ubizwa nangokuthi microplates. I ipuleti ngobukhulu kubekwe phakathi Pacific, kuba nomzimba omncane, kalula permeable uqweqwe wasolwandle. Esikhathini Indo-Australian, Antarctic, Afrika, eNingizimu America, eNyakatho Melika kanye amapuleti Eurasia uqweqwe ezwekazini. amapuleti Lithospheric imingcele ezahlukene (imiphetho) futhi kancane wathuthela ngaphesheya kwamanzi kule planethi. Lapho amapuleti lithospheric washintsha, emaphethelweni kukhona etshiyeneyo: zimhlakazile, ifomu ipuleti nemifantu zone (ukuqhuma), okuyinto uthola ketshezi nesiphuku. Uma uyikha phezulu le phansi, Uqinisa futhi wasolwandle uqweqwe ukugcwala kwamanzi kwenzeka. Konke kusha kanye entsha impahla isiphuku kufakwa zone ukuhlukana, iwusabalalise futhi kwenza amapuleti ukuhambisa Lapho ukuhambisa ngaphandle, kwakheka olwandle, futhi Ubukhulu bayo ezikhulayo njalo. Lolu hlobo imingcele namuhla kukhona eduze eksisi emikhulu maphakathi no-wasolwandle nemifantu fixed imifantu.

imingcele Convergent akhiwa lapho amapuleti crustal bukhomba. Uma besondela nomunye ukuxhumana esishintshashintshayo zenzeka izinqubo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi, phakathi okuyizinto ososayensi ezimbili eziyisisekelo esabiwe. Eyokuqala yalezi ukuthi ukushayisana izingqimba yezwekazi futhi omunye wasolwandle wabo selingene shí kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa futhi kuhambisana breaking warping. Esikhathini indawo ukushayisana ejulile-focus ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka. Ngemva contact ipuleti ku kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, it is ngokwengxenye elicibilikile: izingxenye zalo ukukhanya kakhulu ngemva encibilika futhi ifike kwamanzi, ekubeni nokuqhuma kwezintabamlilo. A izingxenye denser kancane kancane selingene shí kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, zehliswa phansi imingcele core. ngaleyo ndlela kwakheka Pacific indandatho lomlilo.

Lapho plate amabili yezwekazi ridging kwenzeka. Lokhu kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ne uqweqwe lukashukela, le floes ice, futhi saqhubekela ebhekene nezinye, razdrablivayutsya ngamunye. Lapho amapuleti crustal kungqubuzana, basuke onomfutho, futhi izakhiwo ezinkulu entabeni akhiwa at emaphethelweni.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela amapuleti lithospheric

Through iminyaka nokubona eziningi, Geophysics esungulwe ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha ukunyakazisa amapuleti lithospheric. Le ndawo kwakheka ukushayisana Hindustan netindishi Afrika ne ipuleti Eurasia Alpine-zaseHimalaya ibhande kokucindezelwa izinga tekuhlangani esiphakathi 0.6 cm / yr ezintabeni zaseHimalaya futhi Pamir kanye 0.5 cm / ngonyaka e Gibraltar.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela amapuleti lithospheric wathola ukuthi Europe asuka eNyakatho neMelika ngesilinganiso esingamaphesenti mayelana 5 cm / ngonyaka. Kodwa "oseyili" Antarctica kusukela Australia cishe 14 cm / ngonyaka. Ijubane eliphezulu kakhulu amapuleti wasolwandle - abayikho izikhathi 4-7 ephakeme ukwedlula ngesivinini ezwekazini. Esheshayo - plate Pacific kanye okulengayo - Eurasia.