Inkinga yesizungu kuleveli "Master and Margarita" Bulgakov

Umfundi ngamunye unalo "iBhayibheli" lakhe. UMnu. A. Bulgakov wanikeza abantu imisebenzi eminingana engabanga isikhundla esinjalo. Okokuqala, umfundi ukhumbula ingoveli ethi "Master noMargarita".

Isizungu njengomoya lapho amaqhawe ephefumulela khona

Isizungu siwukuqala kokuphila kwabantu. Abantu bazalwa yedwa, ukufa nakho kuyisizungu. Futhi uma ukhuluma ngempela ngobuqotho, impilo yomuntu ayikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngempela nomunye umuntu. Ungakwazi ukushada noma ukushada ngempumelelo, ubelethe iqembu lezingane, kodwa ekujuleni komphefumulo wakho ukuba ube yedwa.

Kubonakala sengathi yilokho uBulgakov akuvezile encwadini yakhe engapheli. Abaningi bezinhlamvu zakhe eziyinhloko zihlala ziyisizungu: Woland, uPilato, Yeshua, u-Ivan Bezdomny, Master, uMargarita. Ukuba nesizungu kubo kungokwemvelo kangangokuthi abakuboni.

Ukuze sibonise indlela inkinga yokuzungulelwa encwadini ethi "The Master and Margarita" ibonakalisiwe, sizohamba ekuhlaziyweni kwethu kusuka kwelinye iqhawe kuya kwelinye.

Woland

Ingabe uSathane angaba nabalingani noma abalingani bakhe? Futhi mhlawumbe abangane? Yebo akunjalo. Uzohlushwa ukuba yedwa. Ekuqaleni kwendabuko, uMnu. A. Berlioz ubuza "uMcebisi": "Uprofesa, ufike kithi yedwa noma nomkakho?" Yiziphi izimpendulo zikaWoland: "Omunye, owodwa, ngihlala ngedwa". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "uprofesa womlingo omnyama" angase abe mncane uma eqhathaniswa namanye amaqhawe, eqinisweni, ngenxa yokubuya kwakhe. Kule nkampani engaqondakali ayikhiphi ithemba elibi lokuphelelwa yithemba, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi wafika eMoscow, hhayi ngenxa yokuzijabulisa, kodwa ukuze asindise iNkosi futhi anike ibhola "Emakhosini Amakhulu Omunye".

Kufanele sigxile kulokhu kulandelwa, ngoba iholide yonyaka ingenzeka kunoma yimuphi umuzi emhlabeni, kodwa iMoscow yama-1930 ayikhethwanga ngengozi, kodwa ngokuqondile ngoba kwakukhona iNkosi kanye neveli yakhe ngoPontiyu Pilatu. Lona isithombe sikaWoland kumongo wendaba ethi "Inkinga yokuzungulelwa encwadini ethi" The Master and Margarita. "

UPontiyu Pilatu

Futhi noPilatu, konke okucacile kusukela ekuqaleni, uyazondwa yiYershalaim. Unesizungu. Isidalwa esisodwa esithintekayo yinja yakhe uBanga. Ummeli ufuna ukufa ngenxa yekhanda elingenakubekezeleka. Wayengeke aphumule, kodwa cha, kufanele sibuze imibuzo ye-vagabond. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, wabasola abantu ukubhubhisa ithempeli.

Khona-ke lesi sigabond ngokuyisimangaliso siphulukisa umphathi futhi sixoxa naye njengoba abantu abambalwa bezivumela. Naphezu kwalokhu, i-hegemon ikulungele ukuyeka "ifilosofi", kepha lapha itholakala ukuthi uJesu unecala lobugebengu obusolwa namandla ombuso. Ngomthetho, ummeli kumele ambethe umkhululi wakhe, ngoba akukho lutho olwesabekayo kunalolu cala olubhekiswe kuKhesari.

UPilatu wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze avimbele losizi, kodwa, ngeshwa, imizamo yakhe ayize. Ngesikhathi sokulandisa, ukuguqulwa okungokomoya kwenzeka. Ushintsha ngaphandle kokuqaphela futhi uthola ukuthi empeleni i-vagabond uSanhedrin engafuni ukuxolela iseduze naye njengoBanga, nakuba kungekho zizathu ezizwakalayo zalokhu. Inkinga yesizungu encwadini ethi "Master noMargarita" UBulgakov akunakucabangeki ngaphandle komfanekiso kaPontiyu Pilatu.

Kungenzeka ukuthi nguye oyedwa oyingozi kakhulu kunanveli. Futhi ngaphandle kwalo, ukubunjwa kwakuyoba nobuso obuhluke ngokuphelele nokujula okuhlukile. Zonke izinhlupheko ezalandela: ukukhanya kwelanga, ukulele, ukungafi - lutho, uma kuqhathaniswa nomzuzu lapho uPilatu elahlekelwa umngane wakhe kuphela - uJeshua.

Ngenkathi isihloko esithi "Inkinga yesizungu encwadini ethi" The Master and Margarita "igcinwa ngethoni edabukisayo. Ngeshwa, akukho lutho olushintshayo ngisho nalapho lufika ekupheleni kuka-Ivan Bezdomny

Ivan Bezdomnyi

Ngabalingiswa abamele isimo seSoviet soveli, konke kunzima kakhulu. Isizungu sabo sibonakala kuphela ezimweni ezingenamkhawulo - amaphuzu okuba khona kwabantu, lapho ukuphila kufike khona (ukufa noma ukuhlanya).

Ngakho kwenzeka ngumbongi u-I. Bezdomny, obese esibhedlela esibhedlela kuphela esazi ukuthi impilo yakhe yayibi kangakanani ngaphambili. Yiqiniso, isibalo sika-Ivan Bezdomny, ngandlela-thile, kuyingozi - impilo yembula iqiniso ngokungakhethi kwakhe, kodwa ayibuyanga lutho. Azikho ithemba lokuthi ivan uzosindiswa.

Abalingiswa abakhulu

I-Master noMargarita yibo kuphela abalingiswa abanendaba yabo ephela kahle, kodwa hhayi kuleli qiniso, kodwa kuphela "kwelinye izwe." Uma ukhulula le ndaba kusuka fleur romantic, kuvela ukuthi kwakunesizungu okwabacindezela ezandleni zomunye.

Indoda kaMargarita ayikho encwadini (ekhona emazwini akhe kuphela), kodwa umfundi uyaqonda ukuthi, cishe umyeni wakhe uyamangalisa, kuze kube yilapho esebenza kahle futhi ehlakaniphile kuphela ezindabeni ezifuywayo noma ezentengiselwano, yingakho owesifazane efuna ukundiza.

Inkosi nayo iyindoda enesizungu. Akanayo lutho ngaphandle kwesigumbi kanye noveli ngoPontiyu Pilatu, futhi uthanda uthando lomfazi omuhle ongekho omunye. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi lo mbhangqwana awunayo imali nhlobo, uthando oluqinile lubagcina ndawonye, futhi mhlawumbe ukwesaba ukubuyela ekutheni kwabo bonke futhi baphelele. Ngokuvamile, kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kukhona yini uthando phakathi kwabo. Uma kwakungenjalo, kufanele ukuthi igule futhi iphoqe, kodwa ukwesaba ukuthi yedwa kwakunjalo. Kuvela ukuthi inkinga yesizungu encwadini ethi "Master noMargarita" uBulgakov kufihla ngisho nalapho uthando luqala khona.

Inkosi yashintsha ingqondo yakhe ngoba wayengeke akwazi ukubhekana nomthwalo wemigomo nezifiso ezingagcwaliseki. Wayebala kakhulu encwadini, encwadini yakhe, futhi umsebenzi wahlangana nokugxekwa, okwavala indlela eya ekukhanyeni.

UMfundisi wayengasakwazi ukuhlupha uMargarita. "Isikebhe sothando sasiqeda ukuphila." Kunalokho, iNkosi yayinembeza kuphela, kodwa uWoland weza wabeka konke. Yiqiniso, ngisho namandla akhe akwanele ukunikeza insindiso esithandweni kulokhu kuphila, hhayi kwenye.

Inoveli kaRoman Bulgakov iyinhlangano ehlukahlukene

Ngakho-ke, izinkinga zeveliveli ethi "Master noMargarita" azigcini kuphela esihlokweni sozungu. Ikhono lomlobi ukuthi umfundi akakwazi ukusho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi indaba eyinhloko yalomanoveli ongaqondakali uwukuthi: "yiVangeli likaMikhail Bulgakov" (isihloko sencwadi ngu-Alexander Zerkalov), ngakho-ke izinkinga zenkolo ezikuyo zihlala endaweni esemqoka. Noma mhlawumbe into eyinhloko ingukungqubuzana okuqondiswe embusweni wamaSoviet?

Inkaba mayelana nakho konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi hhayi ukuphula ubuqotho bomsebenzi wobuciko, kungcono ukuthi ungahlukanisi zibe ama-molecule nezinsimbi. Lokhu kungenzeka impendulo ejwayelekile embuzweni wokuthi yiziphi izinkinga zeveli "Master and Margarita".

Ifilosofi njengesibonakaliso sezigaba eziphezulu

Ngokuvamile kuvunywa ukuthi ifilosofi iyinto enhle kakhulu futhi ihlala endaweni ethile ngaphakathi kwezindonga zezemfundo. Ukufa okulula, konke lokhu akufinyeleleki kalula. Lona umbono omkhulu futhi ongalungile we "uthando lokuhlakanipha." Eqinisweni, empilweni yomuntu ngamunye (nangaphezulu komculi) kukhona isikhathi lapho ecabanga ngoNkulunkulu, isiphetho, isizungu somuntu. Ngokuvamile imisebenzi enjalo kunzima ukubhala, kunzima ukufunda, kodwa banikeza okuningi kumuntu. Izinto ezinjalo zihlukahlukene kakhulu eRussia nasezifundeni zomhlaba jikelele, ngakho isihloko se-athikili singase sizwakale njengokuthi: "Inkinga yedwa ngesi ...". I-Master noMargarita bakhethwa hhayi ngengozi, ngoba lezi zinhlamvu kanye nencwadi ephathelene nabo zijabulela ukuthandwa okungakahle phakathi kwamaRussia anamuhla.

U-Kurt Vonnegut noMikhail Bulgakov: imibono emibili enkingeni yesizungu

U-Kurt Vonnegut, kanye nokudala kwethu, impilo yakhe yonke "igula" nenkinga yedwa futhi yazama ukuyixazulula ngendlela yakhe. Isibonelo, encwadini ethi "Balagan, noma Ukuphela kwesizungu", wamema bonke abantu ukuba bajoyine imindeni ukuze kungabikho umuntu oyedwa onelungelo elihle emhlabeni (ngemininingwane, umfundi angabhekisela emthonjeni wokuqala). Kwezinye zezincwadi zakhe zezincwadi, i-classic yaseMelika yabhala ngalokhu okulandelayo: ukuphila komuntu kuyinto yokulwa njalo nesizungu.

Ngicabanga ukuthi iBulgakov ngabe ivumelane nalokhu, kodwa bebengavumelani nendaba yokulwa nesizungu. Ngokusho kweveli yethu, isizungu (ku "Master and Margarita" sibonakala ngokucacile) singenakuphikiswa, ngokudabukisayo futhi ngokungenakuphikisa umuntu. U-K. Vonnegut ubheka futhi lowo muntu nethemba lakhe elihle kakhulu, elingenakujabula kodwa. Uma kungazelelwe abantu banqobe ubugovu babo futhi baqonde ukuthi "sonke sibazalwane", okungukuthi, ithemba lokunqoba isizungu. Yiqiniso, ukwethembeka, kubonakala sengathi kuyisimangaliso.