Umgomo - wokugoma ... Uhlobo. Imithi izingane

Umgomo - umuthi begazi esisiza simelane amasosha omzimba ukuba yizifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo. Medical Centres Immunology RF belulekwa ukuba bagome izingane kusukela zisencane. Wokugoma wokuqala kakhulu (i-hepatitis) wenziwa amahora okuqala angu-12 impilo yengane, bese ukuxhumelela senzeka ngokohlelo isitifiketi lokugoma, okuyinto wonke umuntu.

Kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo yokugoma:

• baphile;
• inactivated;
• toxoids;
• biosynthetic.

yokugoma bukhoma

Ukwakheka izimonyo zibala nezilwanyana ezincane attenuated. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa wokugoma uvendle, mumps, isifo sofuba, uvendle ne-rubella. I nemibi yokugoma bukhoma yithuba eliphezulu ukusabela iguliswa ukuthi kungaholela eziyingozi kanye nemiphumela.

wokugoma inactivated

Basuke ihlukaniswe zenyathi ezimbili. Iqembu lokuqala yilawo zihlanganisa nezilwanyana ezincane efile, isb pertussis wokugoma, i-hepatitis A noma ngamarabi. Yini embi ngalo wukuthi kungani leso senzo sabo Akuthathi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Lokhu kungase kube denaturation zobuchwepheshe antigen.

Uhlobo lwesibili - yizidakamizwa okuyinto zihlanganisa cell-odongeni ingxenye noma ingxenye yomzimba nezinye excitatory. Lezi zihlanganisa yokugoma ngokumelene ukukhwehlela whooping noma meningitis.

toxoids

Njengengxenye yalolu hlobo imikhiqizo has a ubuthi (ushevu inactivated) ezivezwa amagciwane ekhethekile. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa yokugoma ngokumelene idiphtheria noma nomhlathi-ngqi. Isenzo yalezi yokugoma kungathatha iminyaka emihlanu.

biosynthetic

Lezi ukwakhiwa akhiqizwa besebenzisa amasu genetic engineering. Isibonelo, lokhu sigaba sihlanganisa wokugoma ngokumelene ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa umgomo eziyinkimbinkimbi isikhathi inqubo okudinga eziningi umzamo futhi izibalo eqondile.

wokugoma umehluko

Hlukanisa izinhlobo yokugoma ngenani antigen ezitholakala Ukwakheka kwabo. Hlukanisa emkhatsini monovalent imithi yokugomela polyvalent.

Kukhona futhi umehluko ukwakheka zinhlobo futhi: webhaktheriya, viral neyokugoma rickettsial.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukudala ngemigomo emisha, okuyinto ukuthola udumo mass. Ngaphezu kwalokho eziningi umzamo ucwaningo nentuthuko kwesayensi kujula ekudaleni zokwenziwa, noma isakhi sokuzakhela anti-idiotype izidakamizwa.

phages

Phages - amagciwane ke, okuyinto ukungena iseli webhaktheriya okuhloliwe kwaphinde kwakhiqizwa khona. Ngenxa yalokho, isiguli imfiva futhi yehlise amazinga okushisa umzimba lysis kwenzeka.

Ngesisekelo lezi phages ososayensi baye basungula bacteriophage, ezisetshenziswa for fagoprofilaktiki noma ukwelashwa phage. Inzuzo yokwelapha phage ubhekwa ngokukhetha lyse inani elikhulu amagciwane.

Bacteriophages ezahlukene yezenzo niphulukise zifo ezilandelayo:

• izifo emathunjini ;
• goiter;
• pancreatitis;
• ubovu ukutheleleka.

lokugoma Meaning

Ukugonywa - yinqubo ethula umthamo ezithile ezibonakalayo antigenic emzimbeni womuntu. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu iqondiswa yokugoma eziningana ezithinta kwedivayisi nomunye. Ngenxa yalokho, amalungiselelo ezakhiwa ukuthi sihlanganise ingxube yokugoma eziningana. Isibonelo okuphawuleka umgomo DTP elenziwe izingane ezinyangeni zokuqala zokuphila. Kuyinto bakwazi ukukhiqiza amasosha omzimba ukuba pertussis, idiphtheria nomhlathi-ngqi ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Kukhona futhi yokugoma ezibonisa ngokushesha; abanye kufanele kwenziwe futhi. inqubo okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi booster (administration okuphindiwe umthamo inikezwe of indaba antigenic emzimbeni womuntu).

ukugoma amasheduli

Ukuze lokugoma prophylactic, kukhona yokugoma schedule ekhethekile, ayatholakala kule izitifiketi ngokugoma. Kukhona zilotshwe zonke imigomo futhi wokugoma igama babona. Nokho, isitifiketi ayenzi umgomo elenziwe ngivakashela exotic noma uhlela ukukhulelwa.

Umgomo we operation

Isimiso yokusebenza yokugoma liqukethe yokuthi ngemva nokuphathwa umgomo emzimbeni siwukuqaphela izingxenye zalo, yokufunda, ngekhanda, bese iqala ukukhiqiza izinto abhubhise bonke wathola izinto antigenic.

Umgomo yokugoma ukuqeqesha izivikeli mzimba kanye nokulungiselela yayo elwa ephezulu grade ukutheleleka phakathi umqedazwe.

Isigaba sokugcina yomthelela we umgomo wukuthi emva ukungenisa lokhu igciwane amasosha omzimba ngokwakho esindwa kungenzeka wayethole isifo esithile futhi ayikuvumeli ukuthuthukisa.

Umzila yokuphathwa

Yokusetshenziswa komjovo ingahluka kakhulu. Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa njalo yokugoma - kuyinto ujove esicutshini. lokugoma futhi phansi kwesikhumba futhi cutaneously. Ezinye ngemigomo iqondiswa ngomlomo noma ikhala.

Izimo

wokugoma ngamunye Izimo. Khona-ke abakhululiwe ezivamile:

• ukusabela iguliswa lapho zaphathwa wokugoma kwangaphambili;
• iguliswa eyodwa ingxenye umgomo;
• lokushisa High isiguli;
• nomfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• tachycardia;
• izifo rheumatism.

Umgomo "Nobivac"

Ngokuvamile, imigomo anibona abantu kuphela kodwa nezilwane. Ukuze ukusetshenziswa izinja namakati izidakamizwa "Nobivac". wokugoma okunjalo - kuyinto zokuvimbela zezinhlupho ezilwaneni, parainfluenza, parvovirus enteritis, panleukopenia, bordetelleza kanye nezinye izifo.

Umgomo "Nobivac 'linenani izici ezidinga kubhekwe.

1. yobudala Isilwane kufanele libe okungenani izinyanga ezintathu, futhi kufanele kube okukhulu.
2. Pet akumele zibe namazeze, izimpethu, indlebe izibungu.
3. Isikali ukulungiswa akuxhomekile isisindo: iphilisi elilodwa ibalwa isilwane ngasinye.
4. Lo mjovo liyadingeka uma uhlela ukuhamba ngendiza noma izitimela. Kungenjalo, ikati noma inja ngeke bavunyelwe agibele indiza noma isitimela.
5. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uzizwe imiphumela yokugoma. Kulokhu, udinga ukulungiselela lo nezenzakalo ezingalindelekile (isib, ukushaqeka anaphylactic) futhi ukuthenga amaphilisi "Suprastin". Futhi, ngemva kwemizuzu engu-zokuqala ezingu-40 inoculation kumele kwenziwe esibhedlela odokotela bezilwane.

isidingo yokugoma

Njengoba sekushiwo, umgomo - umuthi eziphila abakhuthele, esiza amasosha omzimba ukuba simelane eziningi izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Nokho, lokugoma akuyona inqubo saziso, futhi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuzikhethela. Abazali abaningi kuyaphikisana yokugoma futhi musa bagome izingane zabo. Kulokhu, wakhipha medotvod olusemthethweni ekhombisa izizathu zokwenqaba.

Abantu abaningi ungathathi impande kuphela ngoba besaba imiphumela emibi engavela. Phezu ukuqedwa wokugoma ingozi nesifo kwandisa izikhathi eziningi. Kulokhu, lesi sifo kuyodingeka eziningi izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, okuyinto ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, ngisho ziholele ekufeni. Ngokwesibonelo, umgomo DTP ivikela izingane ngokumelene idiphtheria. Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, siholela ekufeni ngamaminithi.

Namuhla e-arsenal lodokotela kuphela ihlolwe umgomo, okukholelwa ukuthi ingeka okunokwethenjelwa futhi iphephile. Nokho, umzimba ngamunye has izici zayo siqu ngabanye, okungaholela nokwenqatshwa imigomo. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba sifeze inqubo wokulungiselela izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi ngokugoma. Bona kakhulu ukunciphisa ingozi ukungamukeleki kanye nemiphumela engemihle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimo lapho lokugoma is contraindicated ukukwenza. Ngokuvamile i-izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo yomuntu immunocompromised kanzima.

Imithi izingane

Ezinganeni ifomu nephephile yokugoma ngokugoma inactivated.

Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila komntwana kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba silungise konke okwakwenziwa ikhalenda imigomo ekhethekile njengoba kungenzeka idatha yokugoma edingekayo etimeni letehlukene (uvakashele enkulisa, pool ebhukuda).

Umgomo wokuqala kakhulu ekuphileni komntwana kuyinto lokugoma ngokumelene ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela ekhethelwe okwengeziwe lokugoma scheme:

1. Uma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingozi yesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo okuye kwaziwa-ke imigomo okwalandela ingane azokwenza 1 inyanga, izinyanga 2, izinyanga ezingu-12, kanye wesifunda uyobheka 0-1-2-12 ngokulandelana.
2. Uma leyo ngane izokwazi yini engozini yokukhulelwa futhi zazingekho izincwadi ngeziphambeko, wokugoma kuzokwenziwa-1 kanye no-6 izinyanga (scheme: 0-1-6).

Ngosuku lwesithathu yokuphila senziwa lokugoma ngokumelene sofuba (kaningi esibhedlela). Revaccination kwenzeka eminyakeni 7 no-14 (kuye ngokuthi izifiso abazali kanye nezidingo okubeka obala). Ngaphezu kwalokho kunjengoba umgomo BCG, okumele abe negative eyaziwa Mantoux test. Imigomo ngowesithathu engenhla ehlombe. Ubufakazi kokuphothula lokugoma iba usayizi encane isibanda kusuka 0.3 kuya 0.5 cm. Ngaphambi kuzoba ububomvu, isilonda, okuyinto ke siguqulelwa uqweqwe futhi zinyamalale.

Okulandelayo - wokugoma uvendle. Wenziwe izikhathi 3: eneminyaka engu-3, 4.5 no-6 izinyanga. I kabusha ukwethulwa izidakamizwa kufanele kuthathwe eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 12.5 futhi engu-14. Ngokuvamile, imigomo kukhona kwethanga engenhla noma ezinqeni. Nokho, izingane ezincane kukhona wokugoma novendle amathonsi, esithathelwe ngomlomo 1 ihora ngaphambi kokudla 4 amathonsi. Kulesi abaphathi ke akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukulungiselela isiphuzo amanzi.

Lokhu kulandelwa lokugoma ngokumelene ukukhwehlela whooping, idiphtheria, ngqi, okuyigama ezivamile - DTP. Njengoba injongo yayo iwukuhlola ukulwa nezifo bebathathu sina, iqukethe ingxube wokugoma ngokumelene ukukhwehlela whooping, idiphtheria bagxila nomhlathi-ngqi toxoids. Yenza le lokugoma at izinyanga 3, kamuva enyangeni futhi 4.5 eneminyaka engu-izinyanga eziyisithupha. Imigomo elandelayo uneminyaka engu 2.5 ubudala, iminyaka 6 ubudala, iminyaka 7 futhi 14. Ngemva kwale kweminyaka ukugoma kuyindlela kanye njalo eminyakeni 10, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi umgomo ayisekho iqukethe pertussis ingxenye. Ngemva kokuphathwa komjovo kungenzeka ngendlela ukuphendula lokushisa izinsuku ezintathu.

Konke imigomo ngenhla kumele kwenziwe ingane nakanjani. Nokho, uma ingane wahlupheka ukugula acute, kunikezelwe medotvod.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi umuthi wokugoma - umuthi ongavikela umuntu ukumelana nezifo futhi nomthelela izivikeli mzimba. Ngakho-ke, uma ingane noma umuntu omdala kuchazwe kungekho ngokucacile izinkinga zezempilo, kufanele zigonywe futhi bazivikele kanye nemindeni yabo ezifweni kungenzeka ukuthi ube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.