Uyini umdlavuza? Thola ukuthi yini carcinogens okubangela

Umdlavuza - nobulwelwe ukuthi ingelapheka kuphela ngesikhathi izigaba sokuqala. Yini eyamenza waba Nivelaphi? Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi inqwaba yezizathu, namakhulu ngaphezulu ungazange inqunyelwe. Kusukela owaziwa ngokuqinisekile ayingozi kakhulu "Yini eyayibangele lokho" isifo ka ionizing emisebeni. X-ray, emisebeni, yilanga ngokweqile - ke imithombo muzi. Kodwa ngisho nalabo abahlala kude zenuzi izitshalo amandla, ayithandi ukuthamela ilanga futhi kwenza X-ray, asigomekile umdlavuza. Kungase kubangele ukudla eziningi izinto equkethe ngokwako umdlavuza ethile. Cabanga esiyingozi kakhulu.

Carcinogens futhi mutagens

abantu Modern, ikakhulukazi lawo ayehlala izikhungo ezinkulu ezimbonini, siphila endaweni enzima, emkhathini, emanzini nasemhlabathini aqukethe eziningi amakhemikhali. Abaningi babo abulalayo, njenge carcinogens. Kuyinto iqembu elinjalo izakhi zamakhemikhali, kuphakamisa ukukhula zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Elinye iqembu izinto abangela izinguquko ezingeni DNA okuholela ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ahlukene e izinhlaka eziphilayo. Ungaweli naphakathi carcinogens okunjalo futhi mutagens ne amagesi qeda izimoto, kusukela abakhwabanisi ipayipi negesi izinkampani, ne intuthu iphuma nokushiswa ukungcola landfills. Alapho e ukudla nezinto zansuku zonke. Esikhathini sethu zobuchwepheshe ukwehlukanisa ngokuphelele ngokwakho kuzo zonke izinto eziyingozi akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele, kodwa ungazama ukunciphisa nabo.

Nitrate, nitrites, nitrosamines

"Kubi," igama elithi "ama-nitrate nama" kuba ezijwayele cishe wonke umuntu njengoba umdlavuza enamandla. Nokho, ziyisici esisemqoka kwezolimo njengoba izitshalo Umanyolo ezidingekayo, ikakhulukazi i-greenhouse imifino. Kukhona ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo. Nitrate ngokwabo esiyingozi kangaka. Ingozi kuzo yingoba, kokuba ithole singene umzimba, basuke iguqulwe ibe nitrites futhi nitrosamines. Lezi kakade enobuthi kakhulu. Nitrites nakho kungase self-oluqukethwe imikhiqizo yemvelo, futhi eyandisa umkhakha, ezifana amasosishi ukubapha "inyama" umbala. Basuke esiqokiwe E250. Nitrite ezithinta i-hemoglobin kakhulu, impairing ikhono layo ukuze ihambise umoya-mpilo futhi ususe amaseli kuzo carbon dioxide, ngakho eziphula kwezimila izinqubo. Nitrosamines abangele ukukhula zamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ukuze banciphise okuqukethwe nitrate kungaba kanje:

- ukumelana semifino amanzi amahora ambalwa;

- ukuhlanza uqweqwe;

- Blanch emanzini ashisayo;

- ngosawoti, pickling.

Izithako zokudla kanye neminye imikhiqizo enobungozi

Ukuthenga ukudla, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufunda Ukwakheka kwabo. Ngokwesibonelo, E123 okufakiwe, noma amaranth, e-United States yaziwa njengenye umdlavuza futhi uvinjelwe embonini yezokudla. Amaranth kuyinto udayi futhi lisetshenziswa hhayi kuphela ukudla kodwa futhi lesikhumba, zendwangu nephepha izimboni. Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-England, it is hhayi akuvumelekile.

Eyesibili okufakiwe - E121, noma ezisawolintshi abomvu. Lokhu powder ophuzi is naqaphela njengoba umdlavuza. ERussia, ukusetshenziswa kwalo akuvunyelwe. Ngu carcinogens osebenza uhlobo olukhethekile ka isikhunta, esikhiqiza aflatoxins. Babonakala ngokuthi "abaholi" ka carcinogenicity, okubangelwa kakhulu nge nomdlavuza wesibindi. Aphila ukudla khuntile, ikakhulukazi nangangesihlabathi amantongomane, imbewu ithanga, e itiye endala. Thola nabo ubisi izilwane zidla ukudla "ogulayo". Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwelashwa ukushisa engenzi abulale laba isikhunta. ezinye izinto ngisho nayingozi esikuyo ngokwenkolo avame ukubhekana nayo, - peroxides. Ziyakwazi ekhona amafutha Rancid (isb, ibhotela) ngendlela esebenza ukuthosa ezitshalo.

benzopyrene

Lezi carcinogens ezibangela umdlavuza ezilwaneni nakubantu, futhi yaziwa nangokuthi mutagen eqinile. iyingozi ngisho ngemithamo emincane. Banezinhliziyo ikhono ezimbi buthelela emzimbeni emanzini, lutho, futhi bahamba ngezinyawo besuka kwenye into komunye ngaphandle umonakalo bona. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto eziningi zemvelo ababe 'emsulwa ", futhi kuyingozi. benzopyrene udle can okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume ukudla (kuyinsakavukela - 1 g ngalinye kg umkhiqizo abadala kanye izingane 0.2 .mu.g nabancelisayo). imithombo yakhe:

- yogwayi (kwaba yileyo naleyo nxenye - kuyinto 0,09 .mu.g / kg);

- entuthwini yemoto;

- umusi uphethiloli amandla omlilo;

- okusanhlamvu;

- amafutha;

- amafutha ezidliwayo;

- ngibhema inhlanzi;

- shokolethe (kusuka 0.08 kuya 0.6 g / kg);

- ikhofi;

- inyama kakhulu okuthosiwe (inyama eyosiwe).

Carcinogens emkhathini

Emoyeni osizungezile iqukethe izinto eziningi zibulale umuntu. Benzene - omunye edume kunazo zonke. Kuyinto ekhona uphethiloli, wasebenzisa ukwenziwa zepulasitiki, iraba, imithi, udayi. Inhalation of umusi yayo kubangela ubuthi futhi kungaholela wegazi. Dioxins akuzona njengoba waziwa kabanzi, kodwa yingozi nakakhulu. Lezi carcinogens ezibangela ukwephulwa yentuthuko embryonic, icindezela amasosha omzimba (chemical AIDS), umdlavuza kanye zofuzo. Kwangathi ufake umzimba nge ukudla, umoya, ngesikhumba, ubisi lwebele futhi umzanyana. Ezinye kakhulu izinto eziyingozi emoyeni ngesikhathi omlilo of imfucuza, amalahle, ukudla udoti, lapho ngibhema ne amagesi qeda. Benzatratsen - omunye wabo. Lokhu umdlavuza likhulu ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zezimboni, lapho smokestacks iwashi intuthu. Lingena emzimbeni hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi emishinini yokuphefumula, kodwa futhi ngokusebenzisa isikhumba futhi kungabangela isibindi, iphaphu, GI ipheshana. Imikhiqizo ka namachibi kuze kube izikhathi 100 benzene umdlavuza.

izinto eziyingozi zokuphila kwansuku zonke

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, sizama futhi zizungezwe izinto mutagenic futhi umdlavuza. Abaningi formaldehyde owaziwa. It has izakhiwo isinqandakuvunda, Ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha (isib nomuthi "Formagel") futhi yakhiwa nako kungasiza ezinye yezimonyo nenhlanzeko we ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Esikhathini umkhakha ukudla formaldehyde esetshenziswa ukwandisa impilo eshalofini imikhiqizo futhi iyaqhubeka ibizwa ngokuthi E240. Formalin (isixazululo formaldehyde) inqwaba kungabangela poisoning, kanye umthamo we-60 g ubhekwa ezibulalayo. carcinogenicity Its izilwane ngokuphelele lawo. Kuthinta kumuntu obaluliwe.

Eyesibili umdlavuza ezivamile - vinyl chloride. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa vinyl esetshenziswa ukwenza abadumile vinyl iphepha lokunamathisela odongeni, linoleum, futhi kweqembu nezinye izinto ewusizo futhi ezidingekayo. Ingozi kuzo empilweni ayikahlanganiswa esibekiwe, nakuba ukuthi vinyl lodonga ukukhuthaza ukwakheka isikhutha ezindongeni ezaziwayo. Kodwa izinto eziyingozi ikakhulukazi kusukela vinyl ngaphansi Ukushisa esivuthayo, ngoba ke dioxins ngenhla asakazeka emoyeni.

Futhi ekugcineni, asbestos. uhlobo kwaKhe chrysotile isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amapayipi, amapuleti, ukushisa yisivikelo, ophahleni, udonga panel, izitini, unamathisele, nokuningi. Carcinogenicity ka asbestos ngoba abantu kubonakaliswa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke asivunyelwe ukusebenzisa emazweni amaningi.