Abantu bomdabu e-Arctic. Yikuphi abantu abantu bomdabu ye-Arctic?

I-Arctic - Territory e-Arctic Ocean ezifundeni emdeni amazwekazi nezilwandle. Iningi esifundeni embozwe izinguzunga zeqhwa. abantu bomdabu Arctic sesinomkhuba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima e-Arctic. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela kabanzi mayelana nokuthi aba yingcweti emisebenzini kule nsimu, ngubani populates ke nokuthi bendawo uhlala.

Izimpawu insimu

Ngaphambi sikhuluma onjani abantu abantu bomdabu e-Arctic, kubalulekile ukuchaza esifundeni. Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki "Arctic" kusho "sithwale". Iningi isiqhingi - Greenland Ice Sheet. abantu bomdabu Arctic baye bazivumelanisa enemikhuba eside ebusika yesithwathwa. Ngokwesibonelo, izinga lokushisa Taimyr Peninsula ifinyelela -50 degrees Celsius. Winter Ungayithatha izinyanga 9. Yokuthamela ilanga ehlobo ngeke aphumelele, ngoba izinga lokushisa esiphezulu ifinyelela degrees 10. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi kukhona e-Arctic ebusuku polar kanye usuku polar.

indawo Arctic ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu:

• izihlahlana emathafeni;
• emathafeni ejwayelekile (ulele, moss);
• Arctic.

Inqubo ukuthuthukiswa

Ukwakha inethiwekhi Arctic izinhlangano yomdabu abantu zaba 20 st leminyaka. Nokho, inqubo ukuthuthukiswa uqalile ngaphambili kakhulu. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-30 000 edlule, abantu basendulo beqala ukufika kuleli zwe. Khona-ke at ensimini Arctic zazulazula izinkulungwane reindeer nezinkunzi. kancane abantu sidilizwa ufinyelele e-Arctic, ukweqa imingcele Asia, China ne Mongolia.

Izimpawu zokuqala ekuphileni kwabantu lasendulo ezatholakala sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Yana. Abavubukuli bakholelwa ukuthi isigodi ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala ezweni nokhahlo wahlala lapha mayelana 37 000 edlule. abantu asendulo amshiya migede imidwebo nemihlobiso Laphezu lezinombolo ka-mammoth namatshe. Bona ukuboniswa abazingela izigcawu kuzo.

Arctic abantu bomdabu

Abakhileyo bokuqala abafika kule ezweni iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30 000 edlule, futhi abelokhu lapha. Ngokwezibalo, abantu bomdabu ye-Arctic - abayikho abameleli bezizwe 17 ezahlukene. La maqembu yezenhlalakahle ihluke nomunye ulimi ngabanye bomdabu, amasiko kanye nokwethembeka kweziphathimandla, izinhlangano zamasiko lwezenhlalo kanye namagugu. Njengomthetho, abantu bomdabu ye-Arctic iyivela kancane. Inombolo yabo akuvamile idlula abantu abangu-50 000.

Uhlu kubantu bomdabu Arctic iye kulawulwa isimo, sifaka:

• Veps;
• Aleuts;
• Nenets;
• chum;
• Oluchi;
• Alyutors;
• Eskimo;
• Sami;
• Orok;
• Dolgan;
• Enets;
• ulchi;
• amaChukchi;
• Kamchadals et al.

abantu bomdabu Arctic khona imali elincane. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu zakamuva, kunezinguqulo ezingaba ngu-260 000 abantu.

Indlela Yokuphila lalolo hlanga

Labo abantu bomdabu e-Arctic, ngokuvamile uphile impilo semi ayimizulane. Kuthathwa njengento evamile bendawo. Ukuthuthwa njalo kusukela emathafeni kuya zone asemaqeleni - indlela yokuphila evamile. Iningi bemdzabu Arctic bekwi:

• reindeer;
• lokuzingela;
• ukuhlangana;
• ukudoba.

Le ndlela yokuphila ahlala labantu Arctic ngezici yobuhlanga ekhethekile. Identity abantu kufana nezinye amasiko zaseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude yeCanada. Indlela efanayo zokuphila itholakala ogwini-abahlali basemjondolo, Yakuts, Karelia, Komi futhi Old Amakholwa, ngoba indlela yabo yokuziphilisa incike izimo zemvelo, isimo sezulu, nokunye. D. Ngokwezibalo, enyakatho manje ekhaya ukuze abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1,5. Kuze emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, le babengamaphesenti kancane izikhathi 10. Le nguquko ngqo lixhumene hambisa enyakatho abaseRussia, injongo eyinhloko - ukuthola imali eyengeziwe. Phela, eminyakeni yamuva kukhona lenqwaba izinkampani for the isizinda, ukucubungula zokuthutha izinto zokusetshenziswa wavulwa.

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye lithathelwe izakhamuzi zendawo

abantu bomdabu Arctic zidlulile ngendlela nzima avumelane nendawo ezikuyo. eminyaka lonke eguquka ukujwayela izimo yasenyakatho. Ngenxa yalokhu bendawo umthelela zokukhekheleza on nature, imikhiqizo yawo imodi uyazonga. yokuphila bendabuko kuphela kusiza abantu bomdabu ukuba abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha inqubo ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba lithathelwe. Injongo eyinhloko yawo abantu abahlala e-Arctic - ukulondoloza izinga komhlaba ukukhiqiza futhi ukuqapha zezinto eziphilayo. ngiyabonga kuphela ukunakekelwa kanye nokuzwela maqondana nezwe elingaphandle abantu bomdabu bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kwezimo ezinzima khona. Lokhu kwabasiza ukuba amasiko azo, imikhosi kanye imikhosi egujwayo, okuyinto adluliswa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

amasiko

Noma yiliphi igama ngaphandle kwebantfu bendzabuko e-Arctic ngokwayo imiyalo maqondana kwabanye. Lokho bakwazi ukusinda endaweni nokhahlo kangaka futhi sikhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Kuyinto ulwazi lwendabuko eyadluliselwa isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, iye yasiza ekwenzeni kwalo. Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Ukwenza amakhalenda ibhizinisi. Abadobi abazingeli inquma elilungile izindawo zokukhiqiza kanye nezinsuku. iziqondiso yahlelwa wabanjwa izilwane nenhlanzi. Kuye ukukhula inani northerners babe umthwalo imiphakathi yamazwe izilwane ezithile.
• Ukulondoloza ekhaya of zabomdabu isilwane izinhlobo.
• Ukuvikelwa yokuzalanisa amasayithi zezinto eziphilayo kwezohwebo.
• Ukuhlanza ngezizathu zidala, emadlelweni, imifula zidala aggregations kwezilwane.
• Ukudluliswa kolwazi lwendabuko ngokwelashwa izindlela psycho-lisebenza kwethonya abantu. Abadala Labelaphi kwadingeka lolo lwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bomdabu kusukela ebuntwaneni kahle ubuchwepheshe of ukuqina, umshado, futhi abaqeqeshiwe. Njengoba iminyaka engu-eziyishumi, izingane bakwazi ukusebenzisa izinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza.

ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu ziyoba kanjani abantu bomdabu ye-Arctic?

Millennium northerners okudingekayo ukuzivumelanisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zendawo ngokuphindiwe wazibonela kwembulunga, Ukupholisa ngomoya isimo sezulu. Kodwa bakwazi ukudlula lithathelwe kwaneliswa nezifiso ezinjalo imvelo. Abantu eminyakeni wasebenza aphume yemvelo amasu nezindlela zokuba umlutha wento. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. usizo ngokungenabugovu abaswele. izizwe ezingomakhelwane besizana nasezimweni ezinzima.
2. Mobility. abantu bomdabu Arctic zingahlangana ngokushesha uthuthe kwenye indawo uma kunesidingo. It kubhekwa indlela eyinhloko yokuvumelana bendawo sezulu.
3. Ukufunda izindlela ezintsha bemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, izakhamuzi Chukotka ekugcineni bafunda indlela yokutshala amazambane kanye ukukhulisa amahhashi.

Ukuze siphile endaweni nokhahlo kangaka akulula. Nokho, northerners ukwenza umsebenzi oncomekayo ngalo msebenzi. Yiqiniso, i-frost eqinile, ebusuku polar, kwezulu ngokuvamile ukusebenza of the complex yezimboni, umsebenzi izinkampani eziningi ngalesi sikhathi imisiwe. Kodwa kuyasiza esifundeni ukuthuthukisa bese uthole izindlela ezintsha ukuthuthukiswa imvelo.