Unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni. Izici drones

Esikhathini buka abantu abaningi, hhayi ezihlobene zezindiza, unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni kukhona version eyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu umsakazo-elawulwa imodeli izindiza. Ngomqondo othile, indlela okuyiyo. Nokho, umsebenzi lezi amadivaysi usanda kuba ahlukahlukene ukuze abe nomkhawulo mbono abangakwenza akusenjalo.

I ekuqaleni kwenkathi ka unmanned

Uma sikhuluma othomathikhi izinhlelo elawulwa ezikhula ngaphandle kwenhlabathi futhi isikhala, isihloko alulusha. Enye into ukuthi kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule ayebonakala imfashini ethile. Enkabeni yalo, Shuttle namaSoviet "Buran" wenza indiza emkhathini ngaphandle nezisebenzi lawela ngokuphepha manje ezikude 1988 - Drone efanayo. Photography ebusweni Venus nedatha eziningi zesayensi kule planethi (1965) wabuye walungisa i Imodi othomathikhi bese telemetry. Futhi rovers ziyavumelana lwemibono ubuchwepheshe unmanned. Futhi ezinye impumelelo abaningi besayensi Soviet emkhakheni isikhala. Uvela Kwaphakama wathi imfashini? Ngokusobala, kwaba umphumela isipiliyoni ukulwa nokusetshenziswa kwemishini enjalo, futhi icebile.

Ekuqaleni, unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe noma njengendlela target ukuqeqeshwa, noma ngenkathi kuqathaka amabhomu ngapha flying. Kwakungenxa eyesithathu yokuqala yekhulu XX, kanye nesikhundla inakekelwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu (singabali le mkhathi). Air ukulahleka YaseVietnam ophoqelelwe ubuholi nePentagon ucabange indlela ukunciphisa abalimala. Ngokucacile efanayo utshelwa ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa elawulwa kusuka emhlabathini zezindiza izindawo abakhi amafemu Israeli.

Ukwahlukaniswa UAVs

Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ukuthuthukiswa alesi sigaba Aerotechnica drones babe nengaphethwe. I zobuchwepheshe revolution kanye ne-software ukuthuthukiswa emenza ukudalwa amarobhothi flying abasebenza algorithm isethi. Ngamanye amazwi, leli thuluzi kufanele ke ukuqala ukwenza indiza ku umzila inikezwe ngesikhathi ibambene lesifanele, zigxile esakhelwe ngogesi imishini yokuqopha ngesimo phansi ngaphansi iphiko, ukuba babuyele esizoqala kokwehla. I okufana idatha ukusakaza ngesikhathi sangempela on the qapha useyayamukela ngomsakazo, kodwa lonke begasela isisebenzi sokuphatha inqubo, okuyinto kuhlamvu kokulandela, kungaphazamisi. Ngazo zonke izinzuzo lendlela, it has a icala abalulekile. Dala uhlelo ozofika zonke izimo ezingenzeka, akunakwenzeka. Khona-ke kwaba khona indlela yesithathu ukuxazulula imisebenzi zokuphatha - telemetry. Umshayeli ivuliwe phansi, ukubukela isimo ngokusebenzisa ikhamera esakhelwe is ukuqopha ulwazi olufanele bese batsatsa tincumo ngekutakhela kanye umshayeli kwendiza ezivamile. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukude-injini. Yena, ngenhlanhla, futhi lisetshenziswe amathoyizi, ukulawula umsakazo onobuhle, Nokho, ngempela eqolo (zibiza emakhulwini futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinkulungwaneni zamaRandi).

Ukuba nokuhlangenwe nakho sezisebenzisa itheknoloji etja ithole Israyeli Defense Forces (IDF) ngesikhathi sempi 1973. Unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni esetshenziselwa intelligence zokusebenza, kodwa ubukhulu esikhulu nesisindo okokusebenza kwevidiyo ngesikhathi kungagcini amathuba leli thuluzi. Noma kunjalo, kuleli zwe Middle Eastern ngaphambi kwanoma ubani waqaphela nethemba izindiza elawulwa, okuyinto futhi kwathinta impumelelo esikhathini esizayo abaklami Israeli.

okunhlobonhlobo

Ukuhlola indawo kwesicelo hhayi kukhawulwe. Onjiniyela American samasosha zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi waqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho malorazmernikov, balithola icebo okunengqondo ukudala ukushaqeka izinhlelo kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi, ngisho bomlilo. Yiqiniso, le mishini kufanele omkhulu ukuba athwale izikhali ngamakhulu khilogremu isisindo. Usayizi ububanzi landiswa futhi kolunye uhlangothi. izindiza unmanned nge ukubhekwa ikhamera kungenziwa simaskwe ngumuntu inyoni noma isinambuzane, umsebenzi kule isiqondiso isivele kuyaqhubeka, futhi isithiyo esikhulu endleleni eya empumelelweni - ukungapheleli yesimanje ugesi, okumele Ukuletha ukuhamba ngakuthathu isampula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Okwamanje, "Izinambuzane" (ngomqondo ongokoqobo) ukundiza phezu kwesikhathi, ulinganiswa amahora.

Ekuxazululeni izinkinga sokuthula

Kwakumelwe ziphoqa, drones kwezempi kodwa futhi abangekho empini hhayi kuphela. Amanani ngempela high (kuncike ukumiswa kanye amakhono UAVs tehnichsekih kungadla kuphi komunye amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi), kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwazo umnotho ezisizayo. Ukuhlola izimo zezulu, search for izisulu futhi elahlekile in abaqwali entabeni, ukuhlolwa izimo ice, isiqondiso esiphelweni lomlilo ukusha kwamahlathi lava ukunyakaza phakathi nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, futhi neminye imisebenzi eminingi njalo kwenziwa esebenzisa izindiza. Abashayeli nemishini basengozini lokwenza izabelo eziyingozi, futhi ikhumbula izindleko amafutha kanye ukwehla, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye izindiza, kuba isifiso ngempela kucace ukuthi usebenzise eziqhutshwa ukude noma aerosistemy kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi.

Ukuze kuvikelwe imingcele nokulawula kufuduka namuhla futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa drones. I-United States inenani umngcele isikhathi eside eMexico, lapho izwe ozama sneak ngokungemthetho phakathi illegals engcono ukusebenza, futhi neze - the beshushumbisa zithwesiwe izidakamizwa. izinkinga ezifanayo ezikhona eRussia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe amaningi. usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa ekulweni ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nalo unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni. Kodwa izinzuzo zabo ezifana umsindo ongaphakeme, degree eliphansi ukubonakala, isayizi esincane, kodwa akhangwa kakhulu uMnyango wezokuVikela wezwe emhlabeni.

Izakhiwo UAVs

drones Military ezitholakala esibhakabhakeni kunokukwenza ezindizeni ezijwayelekile noma ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. Okokuqala, zingenziwa encane, futhi okwesibili, zonke ubuchwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala ongaphakeme esikrinini radar, ziyasebenza leli qhinga. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Uma kudingeka, uhlelo izindiza enjalo ingase ibe mibi kakhulu nosayizi. Inzuzo enkulu ye Interceptor ezisebenza kumodi kunendawo enkulu engahlolwa amarobhothi yikhono enze noma yimuphi aqondisa ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi umshayeli uzolahlekelwa ukwazi ngenxa ukucinana kakhulu. Lokhu isimo utshelwa kobuholi US Air Force ukwenza ukubheja drones. US atshalwe ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo isikhali imali eningi, sokuboshwa isikhathi esilingana GDP kwamanye amazwe. Namuhla kunzima ukuba wahlulele imiphumela imizamo emkhakheni fighter aircraft, ulwazi ngabo lincane kakhulu, zazo zikhona iziphetho ezimbili kungenzeka: noma isivivinyo kwaphumelela kangangokuthi kufanele avalelwe, noma kukhona ngakho kabi. Uma le samuntu yesibili okungenzeka nakakhulu. Mayelana ngokunqoba siqu nePentagon kalula uthi, ngisho ngokuvamile exaggerates.

Unmanned ukuhlaselwa izindiza "Predator"

Kodwa focus - umthelela Drone. Lolu hlobo isikhali yasetshenziselwa ngesikhathi ukusebenza ngokumelene Libya (2011). Sasebenzisa owande kakhulu, Predator, kokuba izici ngokwanele ezinhle. Kungenzeka ukuba baphathe izikhali ezijikijelwayo ezivuthayo ngoba zokudubula phansi okuhloswe noma amabhomu oluqondiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu (angaphezu kuka-7 ayizinkulungwane. M) uphahla isinxephezeliso isivinini iphansana. Elawulwa kusuka iziteshi phansi, futhi muva nje ngisho wasebenza ukuba nokwenzeka ukuzanywa kude elisekela endaweni yase-United States, ngokusebenzisa izixhumanisi satellite. i Ulwazi olunjalo zavyazannost ngezinye izikhathi engenzi njalo ukudlala ezandleni izithakazelo emazweni intuthuko ehlaba umxhwele zobuchwepheshe. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi kwesimo endaweni phezu Iraq ngo-2008, omunye "Predator" ukunikeza ulwazi hhayi kuphela amabutho ahlomile, kodwa futhi amaqembu amavukelambuso. Kwatholakala ngephutha, emva ukuthunjwa omunye namabutho, owayethole i-laptop, ne-vidiyo. Ukuze ufunde kwevidiyo esetshenziswa isofthiwe ethuthukiswe eRussia.

Kulo msebenzi lakhe lempi, "Predator" balahlekelwa. Thina behlisele phezu eYugoslavia, Iraq and Afghanistan. kwaphulwa izingcezu eziningana ngenxa ukuzanywa amaphutha kanye nezinkinga lobuchwepheshe. Okwamanje, lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa akuyona UAV imfihlo. Noma ubani angakwazi ukuthenga ngisho lezi drones. Amanani Nokho zincike ukucushwa, futhi inguqulo "amathoyizi 'isizotha kakhulu izobiza e kweyisikhombisa-sibalo dollar isamba (ezingaba yizigidi ezinhlanu).

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Drones wonke amazwe

ubuholi US izimisele bokuphakama lempi nezobuchwepheshe, bekholelwa ukuthi eziyinkimbinkimbi lokulwa msebenzi, ngakho-ke kulula, kuyasebenza. Lokhu akwenziwa njalo kweqiniso, kodwa ekuhloleni bezikhali isampula lobuchwepheshe kufanele bacabangele izithakazelo abakhiqizi. Namuhla, abaningi abahlaziyi lempi , kwaba sobala ukuthi indima UAVs esimweni sangempela impi kukhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kunzima ukubiza, ngisho elula enkulu. Bona, yebo, ukusiza phansi amabutho, kodwa ngokugcwele ukuqinisekisa impumelelo bengayi, okuyinto ngokungaqondile waqinisekisa hhayi umphumela onqobayo imikhankaso US Army sika e Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Noma kunjalo, amazwe amaningi bajoyine uhlanga, inhloso okwakunzima ukudala irobhothi eziphambili kakhulu flying. Izici drones ziyehluka okuncike imisebenzi ngezinselelo abayobhekana nazo.

I impumelelo enkulu kulo wobunjiniyela ukwenze Israyeli. Lapha, yebo, kuyizici ezibalulekile Ephakathi impi yaseshashalazini. Amabanga ezincane, umsebenzi ukuhlola kuyadingeka ngesikhathi cishe real. Ekuqaleni, izimfuno phezulu TTD drones ukusetha ijubane ukuthuthukiswa alesi sigaba izikhali, futhi manje wonke amazwe basengozini izingxabano bangakini, zama ukusebenzisa kokwehlela u-Israyeli, ukuthenga imishini noma ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa sakhe. Lezi zihlanganisa Turkey, India, Britain, cishe zonke European amazwe angamalunga NATO kanye, yebo, eRussia.

Adventures drones eRussia

Kuyadabukisa ukusho ukuthi kokuhlola kwamambala amathuba alesi sigaba izikhali ezweni lethu wathola ngokushesha. Iningi impumelelo umxhwele eziyinkimbinkimbi yethu samasosha zezimboni enkabeni yalo namanje umklamo Soviet, okuyinto ngazo zonke ezinhle sibhekene nenhlekelele, njenganoma iyiphi enye ubuchwepheshe, ukuze isikhathi kwemishini. Ngesikhathi nokuphathwa eMnyango Wezokuvikela Serdyukov ku drones Russian wasebenzisa isamba umxhwele - ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu ezinhlanu (cishe u- $ 170 million), kodwa umphumela wayethobekile. In amazwi umfundisi, noma yimuphi, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu izibonelo angaphandle ezenzekayo yasekhaya awuhambanga. Nokho, ukuba khona kanye drones abangaphelele ungcono ukungabikho yabo ephelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo (2009) kwanqunywa ukuba ukuthenga kuqala Israyeli, bese co-ukukhiqizwa ngalezi zinhloso amadivayisi kwesimo endaweni.

Lonke inani inkontileka ukuba inkampani Aeronautics Defense Systems ezenziwe ezingaphezu kuka $ amahlanu wezigidi (izingcezu 12). I UAVs elandelayo emihlanu "ozungeza emkhathini" ayehlukile kuzo ukucushwa odlule landiswa, ukuze babe ezibizayo, at yizinkulungwane 600. Ngayinye.

Yini engenziwa ikhumbula isipiliyoni lamazwe yimpumelelo kakhulu, akufanele kudidaniswe nezinye izinkinga zixazululwe kuphela esebenzisa yasekhaya. Intelligence amayunithi ezimbili-ukusetshenziswa, ekhiqizwa ubambisane ungenziwa kuphela ukunikeza umfutho kokuqala zokukhiqiza Russian. Kwathatha phezu inkampani "Tupolev", okuyinto ihlose ukwakha i eziyinkimbinkimbi umthelela Drone Tu-300. Kunezinye izenzakalo, isinqumo ukuthengwa okuyinto yamukelwe eMnyango Wezokuvikela nsuku ukuncintisana.

Inani isabelomali imali eyabelwa lolu hlelo futhi ezingeni kwezobuchwepheshe umkhakha ukuzivikela yasekhaya asivumela ukuba nethemba lokuthi maduze drones Russian iyoba okungcono emhlabeni. Noma, okungenani, ngeke vuma lutho angaphandle analogue. Sinesithakazelo ngokukhethekile kukhona imishini yakhelwe impi electronic.

Futhi indlela yokuyisebenzisa?

Ukuphathwa UAV Kunjengoba ekhethekile njengenjwayelo umsebenzi umshayeli. umshini ezibizayo futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi zingephulwa kalula phansi, okwenza cababa Clumsy. Kungenzeka ukulahlekelwa ngenxa ehluleka iqhinga noma isitha umlilo. Njengoba indiza evamile noma indiza, Drone kumelwe uzame ukulondoloza futhi okukhiphayo kusuka endaweni eyingozi. Ubungozi Yiqiniso, akufani njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-"bukhoma" yi-iqembu, kodwa futhi aphonse izimpahla ezibizayo akudingekile. Namuhla, iningi amazwe, instructor kanye ukuqeqeshwa imisebenzi olwenziwa pilot abanokuhlangenwe nakho abaye atholwe ukulawula UAV. Nokho, ngokuvamile akuzona othisha abaqeqeshiwe futhi ochwepheshe computer, le ndlela akunakwenzeka ukuba siqhubeke isikhathi eside. Izimfuneko "umshayeli virtual" zihlukile ezisebenza ubusosha esizayo yokwemukela indiza esikoleni. It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi umncintiswano phakathi izicelo kwi okukhethekile "UAV opharetha" kuyoba eside.

Nokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu-Ukrainian

Ngaphandle kokuya ngemuva zombusazwe zinqobe ezindaweni empumalanga ye-Ukraine, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele imizamo kakhulu akuphumelelanga lokufeza emoyeni kwesimo endaweni izindiza An-30 futhi u-An-26. Uma kuqala kulaba iye eziklanyelwe izithombe zasemoyeni (ikakhulukazi obunokuthula), owesibili - kuphela ukuguqulwa tekutfutsa bagibeli An-24. Bobabili izindiza badutshulwe phansi ngomlilo izidlamlilo. Kodwa kuthiwani drones e-Ukraine? Kungani kungukuthi asetshenziswa ukuthola ulwazi indawo kumavukelambuso? Impendulo ilula. Ababona.

Against isizinda nesimo esibucayi unomphela zezimali kuleli zwe kusho kudingekile ukuze kwakhiwe izikhali zanamuhla, ayitholakalanga. Ukraine drones uhlale at the stage of imiklamo owandulelayo, noma amadivayisi elula okuzenzela. "Nepilotage" Abanye babo kuqoqwa umsakazo-elawulwa imodeli ndiza, ithengwa esitolo. Ngokufanayo, usebenze nabezempi. Akunjalo kudala phezu ithelevishini Ukrainian saboniswa kusolakala ababeke Drone Russian. Photo, okukhombisa imodeli encane hhayi eqolo (ngaphandle umonakalo) kuya Artisanal indlela enamathiselwe ikhamera yevidiyo, sekunzima ukukhonza njengomdala umfanekiso amandla nolaka lempi "umakhelwane enyakatho."