Uhlelo Geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba: essence, ukubaluleka kanye nomehluko

Beka uhlelo Umhlaba wendawo yonke kusukela wasendulo ayenakekela ongqondongqondo. Ukungabi bikho lobuchwepheshe izindlela cwaningo olunembile isikhala izinto nokuhlangenwe nakho kancane isayensi yokuma kwezinto ezisemkhathini ngofuzo izizukulwane ezidlule, akazange izovumela ososayensi ukuba eGrisi lasendulo futhi NgeNkathi Ephakathi yakha umbono ephelele futhi efanele okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke. Noma kunjalo, abalobi eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma okokuqala Cosmological wabeka isisekelo phezu okuyinto kamuva yaba yisisekelo yolwazi yesimanje. Futhi ukubaluleka ngokukhethekile kule ndaba yilena uhlelo geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba, kwenza izizukulwane ososayensi ongqondongqondo ezikhathini ezihlukene ucwaningo olusha.

I geocentrism umqondo

Lolu hlelo ekudalweni lapho endaweni emaphakathi kunikezwa emhlabeni. Kulokhu, lo Sun uzungeza kuma-axis awo azungeze. Ngokuhambisana geocentric Ukudidiyela uhlelo, kokuqala reference iphuzu nalo esisogwini Earth. Kubalulekile wazi ukuthi indawo yonke, ngokuvumelana mbono, mancane. Impendulo yombuzo odale uhlelo geocentric, ezaziwayo namuhla, nakuba ukuhluka eziningi zezinkolelo-mbono ziphakamisa abalobi ambalwa. Noma kunjalo, umsunguli lokhu mqondo Klavdiy Ptolemey, ngubani emenza umqondo indawo emaphakathi Zomhlaba endaweni yonke. Uma sikhuluma ukutolika ahlukene lo mbono, ukuthi Thales, isibonelo, wenza iphuzu ukusekelwa khona wonke.

Futhi, kukhona izinguqulo ukuthi Umhlaba usesikhundleni unomphela noma ngisho uphendukisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-geocentric uhlelo zomhlaba uPtolemy ngefomu classical kuhilela ukujikeleza izindikimba zasezulwini. Ikakhulukazi, ucwaningo yakhe waqala ne ukuhlaziywa kwezincwadi ubuhlobo zenyanga, okwashukumisa emhlabeni. Esikhathini esizayo, nombhali ithiyori wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi ukujikeleza iplanethi uqobo. Parallel kule, sibeka phambili nokusikisela okuhlukahlukene kokuthi kanjani Umhlaba igcina isikhundla salo unomphela.

nemfundo yezinkanyezi e geocentrism uhlelo

Incazelo ukunyakaza engalingani yemizimba yasezulwini ubunzima kakhulu ukuze izazi zezinkanyezi ngesiGreki. Imibono emisha mayelana ezinyakazayo amaplanethi e excenters ezahlukene iyicacisa ubuhlobo ukusondelana kwezindikimba ezisemkhathini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo buyingozi nenselele angafani. Kulesi imodeli geocentric lukaPtolemy ngaxabana imfundiso kaZiqu Pythagorean-kaPlato, owawuthi izindikimba zasezulwini babe ngomsunguli waphezulu - Ngakho, kwakudingeka enze ezinyakazayo iyunifomu kuphela. Amalungu lo mbono wazakhela imodeli ekhethekile lapho ukunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi lezinto ziye esichazwa ngokuthi umphumela sezikhalazo enezela ngaphezulu Ukujikeleza umfaniswano mbuthano. Nokho, nge obhekwe Umbono wokuthi bisection we eyinqaba imiqondo enjalo ayisekho zamanje.

Ukuqondanisa kohlelo geocentric wendawo yonke

Phakathi kwezinkinga main ukuthi wabhekana abalandeli geocentrism, ukugqamisa nomqondo ezindaweni ezimaphakathi zomhlaba baxhashazwe yayo. Uma ngisho umbhali geocentric imodeli Klavdiy Ptolemey wakhuluma ngokuphathelene nesimo yonke yesibili ezibucayi, umqondo yokuma iplanethi wahlala ngesisekelo le mfundiso. Omunye abasekeli lo mqondo kwakungu-Aristotle, phikisana endaweni emaphakathi lwembulunga isisindo sayo. Ngokusho isimo sengqondo sikhathi, endaweni yemvelo imizimba esindayo kungenzeka kuphela nendawo emkhathini. Le ndlela esiqonda ngayo ukuthi lwaqiniswa yokuthi eziningi isisindo kubangela izinto bawe zisuka emoyeni ziqonde. Njengoba zonke izidumbu isikhala buqondene maphakathi nezwe, nenqwaba Umhlaba kunamathuba amaningi okuthi akhiwe ngaso leli phuzu.

Kwakukhona nezinye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ukuchaza zisendaweni ephakathi zomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo, uPtolemy babesekela umbono wokuba ukungabi nakwenzeka iplanethi ukuba luthathe indawo ezahlukene endaweni yonke. Isizathu salokhu ulula - by sokukhipha Umhlaba enyakatho noma eningizimu indawo isihlobo phakathi nendawo. Ongqondongqondo esikalini, indlela ungawa nanjengomthunzi elangeni nale ukumisa, wafika kungenzeka kuphela Ngokombono wabo, i samuntu indawo kule planethi - maphakathi. Mangisho ukuthi uhlelo geocentric futhi heliocentric zezwe esikhathini esizayo ayohlakazeka ke ngomqondo izimo ukucushwa kwe yonke.

Geocentricism ku Renaissance

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ephakathi, izazi zezinkanyezi phathelana ngenkuthalo ukuhlola nokuthuthukisa izinguqulo ehlukile lokhu kucushwa. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Renaissance, ezazini zaseYurophu siye sanikela ukunakwa okuningi sphere eyindilinga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yazibonakalisa izimfanelo for the imodeli, okuyinto kuhlangene uhlelo geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba, okungenani kwezinye izici. Abagqugquzeli inhlanganisela enjalo babekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba liseyisikhungo zezwe, futhi namanje, nenyanga ilanga lizungeza axis awo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lonke iplanethi kukholakala ziye ijikelezwe uzungeza ilanga. Lo mbono futhi umncintiswano eyinhloko wayegcwele theory heliocentric. Okubalulekile, nezinye izindawo lapho asathuthuka geocentricism ososayensi Yenguquko. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwethonya ifilosofi yemvelo, izazi zezinkanyezi abaningi baye ekutadisheni imihlaba superlunary futhi sublunary. By endleleni, u-Aristotle wayekholelwa ukuthi amazulu ngezinga elifanayo kokuhlukana, kanye Earth. Yaveza imibono kanye uphike ukuthi ukhona imikhakha yasezulwini.

Ukuyekwa kwezindlela geocentrism

Ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu isayensi ekhulwini XVII. bavunyelwe nokumisa lolwazi ngcono ukuqonda yonke. Kulesisimo-ke, asikwazanga ahlalisane uhlelo geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba, kusukela umqondo wesibili ngaphezulu sima siqine ongqondongqondo, phakathi kwabo uCopernicus noGalileo. Phakathi kwalezi zenzakalo main yesayensi ukuthi ziye zaba nomthelela Ukuyekwa kwezindlela geocentrism, ikakhulukazi umi phandle ukudalwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi. neqhaza elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni astronomy kanye etholakale telescopic uGalileo, kanye ukutholakala kwemithetho Kepler sika.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi geocentricism eside asekelwe esontweni. labo abanamathela sezenkolo lokhu theory wayekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba wadalwa ngqo amandla waphezulu umuntu, ngakho-ke kuba endaweni emaphakathi endaweni yonke kunengqondo futhi zemvelo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu ukwesekwa, imodeli geocentric uCopernicus siguqulelwa umbono omusha, + akabonisi ukubaluleka Earth. Okuningi kokuma eziphambili telescopic umale ngokuphelele geocentricism zakudala futhi kuvuleke indlela yokuba heliocentrism.

Ingqikithi uhlelo heliocentric zomhlaba

Nakuba isiqongo yentuthuko lo mqondo ezenzeka esikhathini Renaissance, izimpande zawo umsuka eGrisi lasendulo. Iqiniso liwukuthi esikhathini lukaPtolemy kwaba ezikhanga kakhulu umqondo geocentrism, akusibekele heliocentrism. Kancane kancane, isimo sesishintshile, okuvumela abasekeli kanye iphuzu ngendlela engefani ukusungula indlela abheka ngayo izinto zalo. Kube lesi simiso e esikoleni Pythagorean. Ngokwe abalobi kohlelo heliocentric zomhlaba, Philolaus ka Croton, uMhlaba akuhlukile namanye amaplanethi, futhi ihamba into engaqondakali, kodwa hhayi elangeni. Kamuva lo mbono lwapheleliswa nezinye ongqondongqondo, futhi inkathi Yenguquko imfundiso yokuziphendukela abasekeli wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi ilanga emzimbeni emaphakathi futhi umhlaba uzungeza ke. Kamuva, uhlelo Copernican yasungulwa lapho iplanethi wenza iyunifomu motion isiyingi.

Ukuqhathaniswa izinhlelo geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba

Kwaphela isikhathi eside abasekeli imiqondo emibili abakwazanga ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni izici eziningana ezibalulekile. Iqiniso lokuthi womabili eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ahlukahlukene, washintsha futhi ngcono, kodwa izimiso eziyisisekelo bahlale begxilile. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi izinhlelo geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba sehliselwe endaweni woMhlaba yonke nasekuhlanganeni kwawo nesihloko ilanga. Abagqugquzeli umqondo wokuqala wayekholelwa ukuthi iplanethi usesikhundleni emaphakathi. Ngokuphambene, geocentricism kusikisela ukuthi Umhlaba uzungeza ilanga, ebe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo siguquke axis awo.

Kutfutfukiswa heliocentrism Kepler

Theory kusukela ekwakhiweni yayo yokuqala kushintshe kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Singasho ukuthi umdali kohlelo heliocentric zezwe esikhathini eseduze koqondayo yesimanje yefomu - kuba Iogann Kepler, ngubani negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda izinkanyezi. Ngisho ngesikhathi izifundo zakhe waqaphela ukubaluleka echaza ukunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi amaplanethi. Esikhathini esizayo, kuyoba ukuthuthukisa amandla ukubala isikali kohlelo kwamaplanethi ngosizo idatha obubonakalayo.

Of ulwazi lwesayensi owasungulwa Kepler, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuhamba amaplanethi i lesiyingi, umzila wokuzungeza ukwethulwa umqondo, kanye nomqondo imithetho emisha, enquma isikhundla isihlobo Earth ilanga. Yiqiniso, umsunguli Pythagorean kohlelo heliocentric zomhlaba, cishe ngicabange kangakanani umqondo wakhe lingathuthukiswa. Kodwa kungenzeka ukuqinisa ongqondongqondo lasendulo umbono ihlelo sinembe kakhulu.

Heliocentrism ithonya ukuthuthukiswa physics

Isandiso kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni physics kanye Mechanics. Iqiniso ukuthi ososayensi owayengifundela ucwaningo kulezi zindawo kwaba umbuzo obalulekile - kungani ukuhamba izwe hhayi obuzwiwa abantu? Impendulo kwaba kwezinto motion. uhlelo Geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba ngezindlela eziningi ukumela ukusebenza gravity. Esimweni sokuqala, ngesisekelo lesi amandla kukhona sphere isichazi, futhi ngesisekelo kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela heliocentric ngokukhamba kwesikhathi washayelwa umthetho wokuhlobana kwezinto, kanye isimiso inertia. Ngesisekelo lolu lwazi, ososayensi baye basungula indlela jikelele ngawo ukuxazululwa cishe zonke izinkinga Mechanics.

Inani uhlelo heliocentric zomhlaba

Esikhathini inqubo ukuxazulula izinkinga, okuyinto ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene ukubeka umqondo heliocentric wendawo yonke, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukwakha Imigomo esekelwe phezu kwayo uhlelo kwamaplanethi luyatholakala. Ngokusekelwe kulezi izifundo babe achaza ukuhamba kwamaplanethi, okuyinto yena, wathonya ukuthuthukiswa physics. Singasho ukuthi baleli theory yabeka isisekelo Mechanics injalo classical. Kodwa impendulo interesting okuningi yombuzo ibaluleke ngani kohlelo heliocentric zomhlaba ngokuya astronomy. Okokuqala, uhlelo eye yavusa ucwaningo emkhakheni Cosmology lezinkanyezi, esangenza ukuvula izikhala entsha yonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa izingxabano phezu heliocentrism kwaba kokuhlukanisa kolwazi lwesayensi nokuhlonyiswa inkolo.

isiphetho

Naphezu kwentuthuko enkulu ngezinto zobuchwepheshe of ukuhlola umkhathi, ngisho nanamuhla, bengayeki mpikiswano mayelana indawo eMhlabeni wonke endaweni yonke, okuyinto abathintekayo ohlelweni geocentric futhi heliocentric zomhlaba. Ilanga, njengasekuqaleni, ingenye ngamatshe ezingxoxweni yalolu hlobo. Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi abaningi ekudalweni uyavuma ukuthi impendulo ngokuphelele eqondile imibuzo mayelana ezicashile ukujikeleza wonke kulesigaba kwenchubekelembili eyodwa abakwazi ukunikeza. Ngokuphathelene zisendaweni ephakathi yonke, hhayi yonke into icacile. Iqiniso lokuthi, ku infinity isikhala, kungasetshenziswa noma iliphi iphuzu kubhekwe njengento maphakathi, ngakho bayonqoba ngokuphelele inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela heliocentric ka geocentrism ayikwazi ukukhuluma.