Izulu nomhlaba kanye Higgs Boson

Ngemva kokufaka Esibanzi Hadron Collider (LHC) futhi owokuqala ehlulekile ukuqala ukufakwa, emphakathini yaqala ukusakaza umbono wokuthi LHC buyingozi ezazingase zibe ingozi. zesayensi Nuclear yayifisa ukuba ukutadisha ukuziphatha izinhlayiya kanye ama-discovery amasha kwi-physics, futhi abantu abaningi abasazi isihloko, kunalokho, walalela yesayensi, imidwebo emisebenzini yakhe izibhicongo ehlukahlukene (ukubukeka umgodi black, kuqhuma yinhlekelele, njll). Nokho, ngemva kwesikhashana ngemuva kokuqala uchungechunge ucwaningo, kwaba sobala ukuthi izingozi eziningi wazibonakalisa akunasisekelo.

Kodwa ehlobo lika-2012, lapho kumenyezelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi omunye ucwaningo, izinzwa ezimbili sabhalwa Higgs Boson, ngisho abagxeki ardent baye basishintsha isimo sabo nephrojekthi LHC. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ososayensi uqaphele kakhulu kuyizinhlayiyana entsha, ukugwema izitatimende elikhulu. Iqiniso lokuthi kwatholakala lo Higgs Boson, oyedwa umbhalo osobala alisho. Uthi kuyizinhlayiyana entsha efana Boson abasolwa, kodwa iziphetho yokugcina ucwaningo kudingeka okwengeziwe.

Uyini "Higgs Boson"? Standard Model (SM) physics izinhlayiya aphansi, ngayo nefunda ngayo manje uchaza property yonke impahla, ngokusekelwe imithetho ezine eziyisisekelo. Kasibili konke emvelweni kungaphansi izinhlobo ezine ekuhlanganyeleni - eqinile, ababuthakathaka, kagesi kanye adonsela phansi. Ezinye izinhlayiya abathwali atholakele futhi kungase kutholakale. Ngakho, ukuxhumana namandla kudluliselwa gluons; obangela bosons ababuthakathaka Z kanye W; futhi abathintekayo gamma ray ukuthuthwa emisebeni kagesi. Ukuze amandla adonsela phansi, esikhundleni salokho, banesibopho graviton esikhashana (mhlawumbe maduze kungatholakala). Ngokusekelwe izibalo i-Early Universe, eyabonakala ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-Big Bang, zonke izinhlayiya kwadingeka mass futhi kwaba lesinesitfombe-sibuko nokuxhumana electroweak. Nokho, okubonwayo abonisa ukuthi le alikho - kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye (ngaphandle gluons futhi izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya), has a mass ezithile ukuphumula. ukungqubuzana okusobala phakathi theory kanye umkhuba.

Ukufanisa izibalo ze-theory, liye hypothesized mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu enye ingxenye ayisisekelo, nezinhlayiya eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Higgs Boson, noma Nkulunkulu. Siyabonga ukuba usithonye, iningi izinhlayiya aphansi isibe registrable Manje mass ukuphumula. Kukholakala ukuthi Higgs edonsa emhlabeni ngokwayo ngendawo ethile esebenza ngakolunye izinhlayiya. Higgs ensimini ogcwele yonke, ingasheshi izinhlayiya, futhi ubanika okuningi. Singasho imelelwa ijeli obukhulu lapho izinhlayiyana aguqulwa ingxenye bamandla alo mass. By endleleni, igama layo kwakubangelwa Higgs uPetru Higgs, ngubani "Ubaba" ka umbono we Boson.

Badinga kuphela ukubhalisa nezinhlayiya inikezwe - kanye imodeli ejwayelekile uzobe ngokugcwele wabonisa. Nokho, ukuthi le nkinga itholakala lokuthi ukuthi izibalo akukuniki yimuphi imininingwane eqondile ngezidakamizwa kunobukhulu bendawo Boson, noma amandla akhe. Ngamanye amazwi, in the ucwaningo nge amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kuyizinhlayiyana physics kufanele amboze nohlu olubanzi amagugu kungenzeka (10 - 1000 GeV). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezisuselwa kuzakhiwo theory Boson ikhona kweziyizigidi eziyinkulungwane yesibili, ngokuphazima kweso ezibolile izingxenye izinhlayiya ukuxegiselwa. Ngakho-ke Nkulunkulu kuyizinhlayiyana kungatholakala ngokungaqondile kuphela - on ezilinganisweni. I izinhlayiya LHC ezimbili yashesha nesivinini eduze eziyinkulungwane 300 km / s futhi wabhekana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo salotshwa imihlola sici Higgs Boson. Kodwa-ke lokhu kuzothatha amanye intuthuko ngaphezulu ucwaningo ngaphambi singaqondile, singafinyelela eziphethweni esichazayo.