Sakhiwo kuncike wefilosofi

Umsuka nefilosofi njengoba isayensi wayesekhona Endulo, kwaba khona-ke ukuthi umqondo livela Greece ngokokuqala ukuthi ukuqoqwa zonke ulwazi imvelo nezwe ngendlela ezokwenza izinto zihambe ku lonke nhlanganisela olulodwa, kusuka ezingasetshenziswa kamuva kube ukwaba ezinye axioms kanye nezimiso ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ungabese, igxathu negxathu, ungakwazi ukuthethelela noma yikuphi ulwazi esisele kangangokuthi bayophihlizwa zonke ndawonye njengenhlangano lonke uhlelo oluhlangene.

Ngokokuqala ngqá isihloko nefilosofi odingeka esikoleni of kumaStoyiku kaPlato Academy, lapho inezingxenye ezintathu - physics, logic futhi izimiso zokuhle. physics Modern kuphela omunye ambalwa natural sciences, kuyilapho physics ngesiGreki zimelela yonke ulwazi lwesayensi mayelana nemvelo sisonke izakhi zayo ngazinye: isikhala, umlilo, amanzi, amaminerali, ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ukwahlukaniswa ngesiGreki sitolikwa physics, isayensi yokufundwa okukhona ngokwalo. Sokuziphatha isayensi yokuziphatha kwabantu, ubuntu bakhe, kanye nezenzo nhlobo mayelana nanoma yisiphi izinto eziphathelene nokuphila kwabantu, kodwa umqondo eyisisekelo yaleli imfundiso kwaba enhle. Logic - yikhono ukuba ngicabangisise ngezinto nokuba sikhulume, ukuveza izenzo nezinto ngamagama.

Ngakho, isihloko nefilosofi kuhlanganisiwe ezintathu wesayensi ehlukile futhi izinkinga ezinkulu ezintathu zefilosofi, elihambisana ezindaweni ezintathu emhlabeni wangempela - nemvelo, nomphakathi kanye ukucabanga. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi, usosayensi enkulu - sefilosofi Hegel ukuthi ifilosofi wabelane futhi iyohlala ihlukaniswe izici ezintathu eziyinhloko - logic, ifilosofi yemvelo kanye nefilosofi kwengqondo. Nokho, e-BC ekhulwini lokuqala kuze kube isiqondiso ezintathu zefilosofi thina ungeze wesine, usitshelani-ke ngamaphathi izimiso lokuqala zonke izinto noma isimo saphezulu emhlabeni. Ngakho, isihloko nefilosofi ungeze elinye ihlandla ezibalulekile usezuze igama Metaphysics.

Kusukela nane ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili kuye kwaba nezinguquko ezinkulu isayensi, ngokuqondene ukuvela physics zokuhlola kanye zezibalo, okuyinto nakanjani nomthelela isimo sengqondo abantu nempahla ngalona isihloko nefilosofi. Isakhiwo ulwazi zefilosofi selingaphezu zihlanganisa Ukufuna izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku izimfundiso eyiqiniso emkhakheni indlela futhi epistemology. Abasunguli be-ifilosofi entsha kubhekwa Descartes futhi Bacon, ohlukanisa izinhlobo ezinkulu ulwazi izici komphefumulo womuntu, amakhono eyaziwa okuhlukile. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Descartes ezihlongozwayo isithombe jikelele wefilosofi njengoba isihlahla, lapho impande Metaphysics, isiqu - physics, futhi amagatsha - zonke ezinye isayensi, ukuthatha ivelaphi kusukela nefilosofi - imithi, izimiso zokuziphatha, Mechanics. Ngakho, Metaphysics ubhekwa nakakhulu isayensi onokwethenjelwa futhi eziyisisekelo kuka izibalo, kodwa konke kube sekupheleni, imigomo enikeza izimiso zokuhle.

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVIII, kwakukhona cishe akukho umahluko phakathi imiqondo "isayensi" futhi 'ifilosofi', isihloko nefilosofi kuhilela ukuthuthukiswa ucace kakhulu ulwazi lwesayensi. I-physics omkhulu nesazi sezibalo kwaleso sikhathi, Newton azi- sefilosofi kweqiniso, uKarl Linney ngokuthi umsebenzi wakhe "Philosophy of Botany". Sakhiwo kuncike wefilosofi namanje okusekelwe ezimisweni ezine eziyinhloko: ontology - isayensi nenhlalakahle, epistemology - isayensi ulwazi, nokuziphatha - isifundiso ezinhle, futhi ngenxa yemfundiso ubunye babo ngokuphelele - the Metaphysics. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isakhiwo futhi kuncike wefilosofi zashintsha phakathi sonke isikhathi ukhona, ngamunye amafilosofi inezidingo ukuhlakanipha kwaso yangaphakathi futhi isiqondiso salo siqu eliyingqayizivele. Lezi zici ukwenza kuncike wefilosofi ayibalulekile kuphela ukuqonda, kodwa futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu lapho befunda futhi ulwazi isithombe jikelele emhlabeni, kanye indawo yabo kuleli zwe.