Constellation Lyra - iKhima encane Nenkabazwe. Inkanyezi Vega e umlaza Lyra

Summer esibhakabhakeni ebusuku Licwathile kuyinto enhle ikakhulukazi. Kubonakala isibalo siyafiliza amachashazi ekhanda ngemva kobusika liye landa izikhathi eziningi phezu. Ngo Nenkabazwe, cishe phakathi Dome weZulu, khona uzophawula ngempela inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu phezu phezulu isibukeli. Lena Vega, alpha of umlaza Lyra, sibalo encane yasezulwini, itholakala endaweni enjalo nge ezinsukwini zokugcina kwentwasahlobo kuze ekwindla maphakathi. Image of instrument zomculo zasendulo, naphezu lingakanani nesizotha kuqhathaniswa nomakhelwane balo, sekuyisikhathi eside eladonsa amehlo zezinkanyezi.

Isilungiselelo nomumo

Constellation Lyra iqukethe 54 ukukhanya, isesihlalweni Umhlaba ngeso lenyama. Omakhelwane bayo abaseduze kakhulu esibhakabhakeni Swan, Hercules, Dragon futhi Chanterelle. Thola iphuzu bhá sibalo, Vega, impela nje, hhayi kuphela ngenxa indawo yayo. Alpha Lyra - omunye vertices of asterism Summer Triangle, ehlanganisa izinkanyezi ngokuphelele egqamile kakhulu futhi ebonakalayo kahle. nezinye ekhoneni amabili Deneb yakhe okhethwe umlaza Cygnus , futhi Altair, ebhekisela ukhozi wasezulwini.

Ukuma umlaza Lyra sifana quadrangle, bonke emavetheksi okuyinto kuyabonakala ngobusuku obucwathile. A ukuyaphi ukusuka omunye wabo Vega.

Constellation Lyra Legend

Njengoba wazi, lesi sibalo wasezulwini iqanjwe lithulusi lemculo lasendulo. Ngo olunezintambo yamaGreki asendulo wenza emagobolondweni ka izimfudu. Yokudumisa isilwane futhi ushayele ithuluzi: igama elithi "olunezintambo" kusho "ufudu". Ngokusho yetinsita into yokuqala enjalo uyakwazi ukushicilela imisindo namanothi, wanika abantu Hermes. Lear ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana umculi wasenganekwaneni Orpheus. Ngokusho yetinsita umculo wakhe kanye izwi lakhe bethatheka onkulunkulu abantu. Lapho kwakuzwakala umsindo olunezintambo, izimbali ziyaqhakaza izinyoni bebecula. Ngezinye Orpheus kwaba isiphetho nzima: walahlekelwa umkakhe, Eurydice, yalandela lwakhe abafileyo, Wazama ukuphindela khona, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugcina, i- omunye izimo esemqoka nezeHayidese. Eselahle Orpheus yakhe ayithandayo waphonsa uhadi kwesokunxele athule nosizi baphile ukuphila kwabo. Onkulunkulu blagogovevshie phambi umsindo insimbi, wamvusa emazulwini wenza umlaza.

abathandi

Star Vega elihlobene ne izincazelo ehlukene kokuba imvelaphi Eastern. Japanese futhi izinganekwane Chinese uyalandisa ngayo unkulunkulukazi enhle, wathandana umuntu ofayo. Le nsizwa futhi ibekwe esibhakabhakeni: lena Altair ka umlaza ka Eagle. Uyise unkulunkulukazi, sezwa ngalokho imfihlo uthando, uthukuthele, futhi wavimbela indodakazi yakhe ukuhlangana abakhethiweyo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, Vega futhi Altair abelana emfuleni yasezulwini, i-Milky Way. Uthando kunikezwa ukuhlangabezana kanye kuphela ngonyaka, ongowesikhombisa July, lapho izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane ukwakha ibhuloho phakathi kwazo. Ekupheleni unkulunkulukazi ebusuku ebuya ngomunyu futhi uyalila ngokuhlukana. amathonsi Salty kubonakala Umhlaba efana falling emkhathini Perseids.

-alpha

Inkanyezi bhá e umlaza Lyra sekuyisikhathi eside eladonsa amehlo nje kuphela ukuxoxa. Ubelokhu ososayensi nesithakazelo njalo. Isikhundla eziyingqayizivele ukukhanya futhi ukubonakala kuye kwaholela ukuthi namuhla Vega - omunye izinkanyezi okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu isikhala.

Bright ke lifaka yesihlanu yonke isibhakabhaka, kanti owesibili Nenkabazwe, ngemva Arcturus. ezidlula sobala Vega - 0.03. It kungokwalabo ekilasini lezinto Spectral A0Va, isisindo salo idlula izikhathi 2.1 ilanga, futhi ubukhulu - 2.3.

ukukhanya esizayo

Star Vega - giant okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe. Ngokusho ososayensi, likhanya uNkulnkulu 455.000. Ngoba indoda kuba sibalo yesiteleka, kodwa ngezindinganiso yonke Vega akahlali isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuze uqhathanise, ilanga likhanyisa yomthala wethu indawo uNkulnkulu 4.5 bhiliyoni ubudala. Namandla emisebe ye-kanye nezinye izici ungavumeli inkanyezi enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi lase-Lyra futhi zikhona isikhathi eside. Izazi zezinkanyezi ukubikezela Vega yokuqothulwa futhi ukubhujiswa ngisho emva cishe 450.000 iminyaka.

ejwayelekile

Ngenxa indawo yayo Vega siqondwa kahle lokho, wakhonza njengephayona ukwamukelwa yayo njengendlela standard ethile kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi. Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-19 ngoba Ukukhalipha yayo kuphethwa sobukhulu zezinkanyezi angamakhulu amaningana. Vega wayengomunye walabo izinkanyezi eziyisikhombisa akhiwe kude kusukela ilanga okungahambisani phendulela uthuli cosmic ivela emisebeni zabo ngesisekelo okuyinto lwapheleliswa le UBV uhlelo photometric, okuvumela ukunquma imingcele ethile ngokomzimba izinkanyezi.

Naphezu ezibonakala oluphelele cwaningo Vega, kukhona eziningi izinkinga abazitholanga izimpendulo oluphelele usuku ephathelene nayo. Omunye wabo obukela phansi "idumela" Alpha Lyrae njengoba izinga kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi. Ekhulwini zokugcina kuye kwatholakala "lezinkinga" lokukhanya yenkanyezi. Idatha etholwe kwabonisa ukuthi yaba khona liyashintshashintsha. Kulokhu, Vega kuthiwa wenziwa izinkanyezi onhlobonhlobo. Akukho umbono owodwa kule ndaba okwamanje.

Ukujikeleza

Esikhathini 60s kwekhulu lama-20, bangena umbuzo incazelo evamile ekilasini Spectral Vega. Kwavela ukuthi Alpha Lyrae kushisa kakhulu futhi elikhanyayo amalungu esezingeni uhlobo yabo. Iqiniso Asitholanga incazelo ehloniphekile kuze 2005, lapho ikhambi litholwe.

Kwatholakala ukuthi Vega ngesivinini uzungeza kuma-axis awo azungeze (eduze sibalo yenkabazwe ifinyelela 274 km / s). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, lishintsha ukuma into isikhala. Vega akuyona ibhola ucishe njalo, kodwa lesiyingi, side enkabazwe kanye isicaba-pole. Ngenxa yalokho, kuphambene emaphethelweni evamile wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi izinkanyezi eduze nengaphakathi red-hot kuka zone enkabazwe. Pole sekuqala ukufudumala namandla, kukhanya okuhle kodwa.

Lo mbono kwavela 80s kwekhulu elidlule futhi iye yaqinisekisa ngokubukisisa ngo-2005. Sichaza nokuthi luminosity ezingasadingeki lale nkanyezi nokukhanya yayo.

idiski

Vega libhekene isici olwengeziwe: it has circumstellar uthuli disk. Kwakuwusuku inkanyezi yokuqala, okuyinto esetholé ukwakheka efanayo. Idiski siqukethe izinsalela izinto cosmic, zingashayisani nomunye eduze inkanyezi.

Ukuvula drive andulela ukutholakala lokweqisa ekushayweni infrared Vega. Namuhla, bonke ukukhanya nge isici okufana okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "vegapodobnye".

Ezinye izici e isakhiwo uthuli disk kusikisela ukuthi Alpha Lyrae emhlabeni iplanethi enkulu ujikelezisa like Jupiter. Nakuba le datha is hhayi ukuqinisekisile, kodwa uma kwenzeka, Vega iyoba wokuqala inkanyezi bhá, kokuba iplanethi.

Beta Lyrae

Phakathi isithakazelo ithuluzi wasezulwini zomculo akuyona Vega kuphela. Constellation Lyra has eziningana amaningi inkanyezi izinhlelo. ukunakwa yezazi ngokuyinhloko edonsela Beta Lyrae, Beta Lyrae. It kungokwalabo eclipsing izinkanyiso onhlobonhlobo. Uhlelo siqukethe bright blue-white yemifino kanye inkanyezi enkulu, kodwa zibuthuntu amhlophe, okuqondene ukulandelana main. Basuke ahlukaniswe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-40, ukuthi izindinganiso cosmic, kuncane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto omunye abalingani ngokuqhubekayo ageleza eya abanye.

Ukuhambisa kusuka "donor" amafomu igesi emhlabeni "umamukeli" accretion disk. Kulokhu, kokubili izinkanyezi sizungezwe imvilophi ezivamile igesi, njalo unika ingxenye lomcebo yayo endaweni ezungezile.

Ekuqaleni, isilinganiso mass babangane bheka ehlukile. donor yanamuhla kwaba esithé ukuphakama. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaphenduka giant, waqala ukuba bangayeki ngempahla yabo. Manje isisindo sakhe balinganiselwa ku 3 solar, kuyilapho le ipharamitha e engumngane kuyinto 13 mass inkanyiso yethu.

Ukuqhela umbhangqwana main isihlabani lwesithathu, Beta Lyrae V elikhanyayo kuba izikhathi 80 kunaleso ilanga. Beta Lyrae B libhekisela kabili spectroscopic (nkathi - izinsuku 4.34).

Epsilon

Constellation Lear futhi inohlelo lezinkanyezi ehlanganisa izingxenye ezine. Lokhu Epsilon Lyrae sehlukaniswe tincenye ezimbili Epsilon Epsilon 1 no-2, ngisho nalapho ayebheka ngayo omabonakude. Ngamunye wabo pair of izinkanyezi. Zonke izingxenye ezine - izinkanyezi ezimhlophe, okuqondene ekilasini efanayo Spectral njengoba Sirius. Epsilon 1 no-2 uphendukisa nge nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-244.000.

Ring nebhola

Cishe yisiphi isithombe wasezulwini inama mafu enhle e zabo "ababizwa nangokuthi uhulumeni." Iyathinteka futhi umlaza Lyra. Izithombe into isikhala, esemgwaqweni phakathi beta gamma Lyrae, kunikeza umbono ocacile ngokuthi umsuka igama layo. Ring Nebula injalo, ngempela, okusikhumbuza ucezu ezifanele ubucwebe. Yena ihlobise umlaza Lyra, elele ibanga zeminyaka 2000 ukukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Ubudala esigaxeni Kusolwa ukuthi ube neminyaka engu-5500 ubudala. It kungabonakala nezibonakude. kukhanya Elihle esigaxeni kungenxa yelanga sasikhipha kusukela umboniso wezinsiza ukuba. Uma kwaba umnyombo inkanyezi okukhulu.

Budebuduze esigaxeni itholakala globular inkanyezi cluster -M56. Nokho, Budebuduze kubo, wagomela: i-M56 ikhishiwe ukusuka Umhlaba eneminyaka engu ukukhanya 32.900. In the izithombe kubukeka sengathi ibhola, ngabeka leso phakathi, lapho inani lezinkanyezi per unit endaweni impela high. Lapha ezibekwe izinkanyezi variable mayelana 12. A cluster globular kuyinto nzima ukubona usebenzisa imishini amateur ngoba walahlekelwa ngemuva ye-Milky Way.

Lira - Umlaza amancane, kodwa noma kunjalo, ezithakazelisayo. "Indawo" Its ibekwe abameleli lezinto eziningi kangaka phakathi kwalabo ukutadisha astronomy. Kwezinkanyezi nemilaza ezizungezile Lear, kungase kubonakale kuzenze zibathinte nakakhulu futhi azinake. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Vega elikhanyayo wedwa kungaba ngokwanele ukuba "eclipse" kubo bonke. Ikakhulukazi uma sikhumbula ukuthi sobukhulu lezi zinkanyezi kungase kahle lusekelwe ebufakazini alpha Lyrae. Lokhu Umdwebo yasezulwini, ngaleyo ndlela - isithombe umfanekiso amazwi "incane futhi zisuswe." Nokho, kungaba okufanayo wathi mayelana sibonelo sakhe ziyaphawuleka, olunezintambo ka Orpheus.