Kanjani ukusuka methane acetylene

Ukuze uthole i-methane ka acetylene, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ukuphendula dehydrogenation. Ngaphambi kokuba bathathe Ukubuyekeza yayo, sihlaziye ezinye hydrocarbon ethile.

Izimpawu acetylene

Le into gaseous, okuyinto ummeleli wokuqala isigaba hydrocarbon unsaturated (alkynes). Kuyinto alula kakhulu kunomoya emoyeni, kuyinto kahle oncibilikayo emanzini. Yamamolekhula ifomula C ₂ H _2, ezivamile nalo lonke ikilasi SPN ₂ n-2. Acetylene kubhekwa amakhemikhali asebenzayo, ngaphandle alufakwa kakhulu. Ukuze ugweme Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, lilondolozwe uphawu iziqukathi steel, kokunezela kulo namalahle.

Ukuthola kusukela alkanes

Lapho noqhekeko methane acetylene etholwe. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela chemical Kwenziwa usebenzisa kulethe kwenzeka ngesikhathi i lokushisa eliphakeme. Indaba kokuqala imele ekilasini lokuqala paraffins ummeleli. Lapho dehydrogenation, ukwengeza acetylene, i-hydrogen ekhiqizwa.

Ukuphendula umbuzo mayelana nendlela ukusuka methane acetylene, ezothando yokusabela umelwe ifomu:

2SN4 = C2H2 + 3H2

Carbide indlela

Omunye ungathola kusuka methane noma acetylene njengoba indaba kokuqala ukuthatha le Carbide calcium. Inqubo yenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo kuma. Ekusabeleni-calcium Carbide ngamanzi Kumiswa hhayi kuphela acetylene, kodwa i-calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). Izimpawu ayozithola inqubo yamakhemikhali igesi kwemvelo (ikhwelo), futhi ushintsho ngombala yesixazululo ngokungeza phenolphthalein ku umbala njengegazi.

Lapho usebenzisa njengoba starting impahla a Carbide lobuchwepheshe kokuba ukungcola ezahlukene, iphunga elithile waphawula phakathi ukuphendula. Wachaza khona kwimikhiqizo wakwa ukusabela okunjalo amagesi anobuthi njengoba phosphine, hydrogen sulfide ne.

petroleum kwemifantu

Okwamanje, awukwazi nje ukuphuma methane acetylene. The main indlela yezimboni ukukhiqizwa omele alkyne ubhekwa ngokuhlaziya (cleavage) ka-hydrocarbon. Uma i-methane ukuthola acetylene, izindleko amandla kuyoba esincane. Ngaphezu izinto zokusetshenziswa engabizi futhi lutholakale kalula, lobu buchwepheshe idonse nabakhiqizi hydrocarbon inkimbinkimbi imishini kwezobuchwepheshe asetshenziswe dehydrogenation methane.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili izinguqulo efanayo amakhemikhali inqubo. Indlela yokuqala isekelwe edlulisa methane ngokusebenzisa electrode, lishise 1600 degrees Celsius. Le nqubo ihilela eqeda umkhiqizo okuholela. Samuntu Okwesibili dehydrogenation methane ukuze ukukhiqiza acetylene kuhilela ukusetshenziswa amandla, okuyinto kuveza amandla omlilo olulinganiselwe alkyne.

Sikakhiye eziqukethe acetylene, ayikwazi ifakwe zethusi valve, njengoba ingxenye Bronze iqukethe zethusi. Ukuxhumana kwe-metal ne isivuno acetylene kuhambisana usawoti alufakwa.

isiphetho

Acetylene siyasetshenziswa njengamanje emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ezimbonini. Kuyinto impahla eyigugu zokusetshenziswa for synthesis ethanol, epulasitikini, rubbers, acetic acid. Omele alesi sigaba amangalelwe alkynes ukusika nokwakha Welding izinsimbi, njengoba ukukhanya okukhulu kule ngabanye ukukhanyisa zalapho.

Ngesisekelo zamagama acetylene wenziwa iziqhumane ezisetshenziswa ngesimo detonators. I namachibi ukusabela alkyne oxygen emoyeni siyenzeka ilangabi eqinile. Nangezinkonzo zenani elilinganayo iyona umkhakha wamakhemikhali nezibulala-methane. Ngaphandle isicelo yayo njengendlela indaba kokuqala ukwenziwa acetylene, it is kudliwe inqwaba njengoba hydrocarbon yemvelo embonini kaphethiloli. Lapho ashisiwe banikezwe imali ethe ukushisa.