Imfundiso yokuziphendukela exchange nomphakathi: umnyombo futhi amalungiselelo eyisisekelo

Komphakathi exchange umbono uwukuthi lwesayensi, indlela ekhethekile okusekelwe nomqondo sotsvzaimodeystviya, obhekisela inqubo elandelayo: ngamunye owayekhona uzokwazi ukuba bazuze imiphumela izenzo nabo bonke ababambe iqhaza kule inkhulumomphendvulwano.

Lapha kuzogxilwa ngomyalo Kulezi zenzo eziletha izinzuzo ezinkulu. Kungaba ukhonte njengoba umvuzo wezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye angaphatheki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahlanganyeli yale nqubo ngokuvamile khetha inzuzo abangokomfanekiso - kuwuphawu lokuhlonipha nokuqashelwa, imizwelo eyakhayo , nokunye.

ithiyori exchange yezenhlalakahle ikhomba izici nokugqugquzela abantu abenza izinto eziwusizo kwabanye. Iqiniso ukuthi incazelo itholakala khona okulindelwe umqondo esimeme ukuthi izenzo zabo impendulo ukuthola izinzuzo ezinkulu kusukela izenzo lomunye umuntu.

Ngakho-ke, umqondo exchange yezenhlalakahle uthi ngenqubo yokusebenza kwezinhlaka ngabanye kuyadingeka ukuthi ababambiqhaza ulindele isiqinisekiso okulindele. Ngenxa yalokho, fixed iphethini zokuziphatha, reflex komphakathi oluhlanganisa imizamo yoku- ezingqondweni uhlelo ngamunye izenzo ezithile njengoba isilinganiso "umfutho - impendulo".

A imodeli kubacwaningi abanamathela kulesimiso mqondo imfundiso yokuziphendukela exchange yezenhlalakahle Homans, umsunguli wayo, ovelele sezokuhlalisana kwabantu American.

Ngo umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko, wakwazi ukukhomba mithetho elandelayo nemithetho ezichaza ukuziphatha siqu ukuthi wonke umuntu ufuna ukugcina exchange yayo emphakathini.

Okokuqala, isenzo womuntu ukhonkolo ngaphezulu uthola umvuzo, kulapho yena ivame ukwenza lesi senzo.

Okwesibili, uma abanye umfutho kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise isinyathelo esiqondile, okuyinto umvuzo, lapho waphinda amaphuzu ngabanye izozama ukuphinda lolu chungechunge izenzo.

Okwesithathu, umphumela ebaluleke kunayo nezenzo zomuntu ezoqinisekisa ukuthi izozama ukwenza noma yisiphi isenzo enqophe yalokho efanayo.

Okwesine, kaningi esikhathini esidlule ngamunye wathola kwesinxephezeli, ebaluleke kancane kuyoba ukuphindaphinda ke.

Okwesihlanu, uma lowomuntu eye hhayi wathola umvuzo kulindeleke yena, khona-ke uyoba bafuna ukubonisa demonstratively ngokuziphatha okunonya, futhi yi zawo + ziyoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula ngisho amaholo ukuthi kutholwa. Kodwa lapho ithola iholo sverhozhidaemogo, abantu ngeke sithambekele ekwenzeni ukuziphatha demonstratively abaqotho, okuzoba yi ekhangayo.

Komphakathi exchange ithiyori uthi ngoba bonke abantu ngeke alwele ukulondoloza sivuselele nokubambisana, sizo them futhi ugweme ekuxhumaneni negative, ziyokwakha kuholela ebuhlotsheni obuhlala obudlelwana Wabelana isakhiwo.

Basuke kwakhiwa ngesisekelo oqondile (zamazwe amabili) noma ukushintshana oqondile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona embodiments kungenzeka umlamuleli noma generalized exchange.

Kabanzi kungaba kubhekwe isibonelo yenqubo yokufunda. Ngakho-ke, kunenzuzo abafundi ukuba bathole ulwazi namakhono ekilasini, futhi uthisha ozuza inzuzo kuqashelwa isimo sakhe kanye self-isiqinisekiso. Lokhu - exchange kwezenhlalo ngqo.

Uma sikhuluma exchange ngokungaqondile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umsebenzi okuyiwona uthisha uthola iholo yisigungu abafundi. Akunandaba, sikhuluma mayelana ngezimali isabelomali, noma mayelana ukuqeqeshwa nsuku nezivumelwano.

Ngokuvamile, exchange social theory ihlanganisa zonke ngothi imikhakha nokuxhumana womuntu.