Umsebenzi Mitochondrial kanye nesakhiwo

Ngo amaseli sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo kufanele organelles ekhethekile ukuhambisa, usebenze, uhlangane nomunye futhi zohlobo. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-mitochondria noma chondriosomes. izakhiwo ezinjalo equkethwe emangqamuzaneni lenyama kanye kumaseli zezitshalo nezilwane. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ekuhloleni isakhiwo amaseli babe umsebenzi ifundelwe futhi mitochondrial, ngoba kwaba okunabileko.

Ngempela, emangqamuzaneni, le mitochondria enze ethize futhi kubaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi - ifomu amandla ngesimo triphosphate adenosine. Lena nucleotide ukhiye in exchange of izinto lokuphila eziphilayo futhi iguqulwe ibe amandla. ATP uba umthombo jikelele amandla adingekayo ukuze okuvela yimiphi izinqubo kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni. Lona umsebenzi oyinhloko mitochondria - ukulondoloza imisebenzi ebalulekile emangqamuzaneni ngenxa ukwakheka ATP.

Izinqubo ezenzeka kumaseli isikhathi eside babe okunabileko ososayensi, ngoba kusiza ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi isakhiwo namakhono umzimba. Inqubo yokufunda ngaso sonke isikhathi kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho uKarl Lohmann ngo-1929 wavula triphosphate adenosine, futhi Fritz Lipmann ngo-1941 esiphethweni ukuthi umphakeli eyinhloko yamandla kumaseli.

Isakhiwo mitochondria

Ukubukeka kuba nesithakazelo esifanayo njengoba umsebenzi mitochondria. Amasayizi nomumo yalezi organelles akusazinzile futhi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lezi zinhlobo eziphilayo. Kuchazwe value isilinganiso, i-mitochondria filamentous futhi luyimbudumbudu, ehlanganisa ulwelwesi ezimbili, unamahlangothi 0.5 mikromillimetra e ukujiya, nobude ongafinyelela 60 mikromillimetrov.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ososayensi baye eside bezama ukuqonda umbuzo, yini isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi mitochondria. Ubunzima main ababekanye imishini ampofu, ngoba ukufunda microcosm ngezinye izindlela cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Ngo amaseli isilwane, mitochondria ukuqukatha ngaphezulu kumaseli izitshalo, ngoba into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba namandla isilwane kusukela iphuzu yokuziphendukela kwemvelo umbono lokuguqula. Nokho, ukuchaza lezi izinqubo kunzima, kodwa plant cells imisebenzi efana lokucabanga ikakhulu chloroplast.

Ngo amaseli, kungenzeka mitochondria zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene, lapho kukhona isidingo ATP. Singasho ukuthi isakhiwo mitochondria sasivumela jikelele, ngakho ingavela ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Imisebenzi mitochondria

Umsebenzi oyinhloko mitochondria - synthesis ATP molecule. Lolu hlobo amandla esiteshini kuseli ngenxa namachibi ahlukahlukene organic compounds kudedela amandla ngezithukuthuku kwamazinyo abo.

Umthombo oyinhloko wamandla, okungukuthi, kwakwakhe esetshenziselwa nokwahlukana kuyinto pyruvic acid. Yena, uthola umzimba kusuka amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha. Kunezindlela ezimbili imfundo amandla kukhona, ne mitochondria usebenzise yomibili. Eyokuqala siphathelene namachibi of pyruvate kuleli matrix. Eyesibili kakade Kristen organelles futhi ngqo evala inqubo ukukhiqizwa energy.

Ngokuvamile, lokhu mshini kubenzima futhi yikhona okuthatha indawo izigaba eziningana. Iyahambelana ukulandelana eside ukusabela, kuphela ngenhloso okuyinto - amandla supply nezinye izinqubo yeselula. Ukulondoloza umzimba emangqamuzaneni kungasindisa ukuphila kwakhe jikelele. Yingakho ososayensi Sekuyisikhathi eside ukuthola ukuthi awakhe kanjani lezi izinqubo zenzeka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkinga eziningi sezixazululiwe, ikakhulukazi ocwaningweni kwe-DNA, futhi wasiza ekuhleleni lonke microcosm amaseli encane. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, bekuyoba nzima ukukubona ngeso lengqondo konke ekuthuthukeni kwale sayensi ngokuvamile, kanye ekutadisheni umzimba womuntu futhi isilwane kakhulu.