Okuphilayo

I ophilayo izidakamizwa uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli kuhlanganisa e ngezithako zawo njengoba organic (chemical) noma wezinto ezingaphili (amaminerali) izingxenye.

Bangaphezu kuka-90%, kwakhiwa ikakhulukazi umoya-mpilo, i-carbon, i-hydrogen ne-nitrogen, bakha phansi kwezimila. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le ndaba ophilayo - ingenye "enamandla" Umhlaba amabutho kakhulu geochemical. Utfutfukisa ke empambana we hydrosphere, lithosphere kanye nomkhathi. Nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, izinqubo zokuphila kuphele noma ijubane ukuze kangangokuthi akukho ukubonakaliswa ebonakalayo zokuphila. Ngakho, ukwakha simo sokuba utiligi.

Ukuhlala ndaba inezici yayo eqondile.

Endaweni yokuqala, it libhekene lenqwaba amandla khulula. Esimeni semakhaya ketshezi wezinto kumuntu ophilayo (amandla lemali) kungenziwa akhiwa esikhashana lava kwemali, abangakayitholi isikhathi sokwehlisa.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko iyona ijubane zamakhemikhali. Ubathola endabeni eziphilayo, ngokungafani kuya namanje, zenzeka izinkulungwane zezikhathi ngokushesha.

Isici lokumehlukanisa kwengoma. ndaba Ukuhlala kuhlanganisa compounds ehlukile (enzyme, amaphrotheni, njll). Lezi zamakhemikhali abonise ukuzinza kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezimvunayo. Ngokwezinga elikhulu lesi sici nakho isici yezingxenye amaminerali.

ndaba Ukuhlala kwenza ukunyakaza kokuzithandela. V. I. Vernadsky, bekholelwa ukuthi le ukunyakaza ngokuyinhloko self umqondo, wakhetha ezimbili amafomu yayo ekhethekile. Kumiswa yokwenziwa is by ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kanye esingokwemvelo ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Ohlangothini ukunyakaza eziphilayo (isici esengeziwe izilwane kuka izitshalo) kudala ifomu asebenzayo ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Ukuhlala ndaba ubuye ezahlukene isifiso ukugcwalisa lonke isikhala.

Sici sici chemical enkulu nokwehluka morphological. Ukuhlala ndaba, ngokungafani namanje, kungase kungabi kuphela konemimoya liquid noma gaseous.

Emvelweni kukhona umzimba abahlakazekile bengaba - eziphilayo ngabanye. Akha ophilayo ndaba. Kulokhu akusiyo emhlabeni kwelinye ifomu okumsulwa morphologically - ngesimo sabantu eziphilayo emelela uhlobo olulodwa - ke njalo biocenosis.

Phambili ngaphakathi alternation of izizukulwane usinikeza ukuxhumana zofuzo yesimanje eziphilayo ndaba ezazikhona kwetikhatsi. Uma lesi sici kuyinto inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukukhiqizwa Kwenziwa hhayi ngesisekelo ikhophi ngokuphelele ezizukulwane ezingaphambili, futhi ngokusebenzisa izinguquko kwamakhemikhali kanye morphological.

Kukhona imisebenzi emihlanu ezinkulu ophilayo ndaba.

1. Amandla ukumuncwa umsebenzi amandla elanga ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis, futhi te ne noqhekeko izinto - ukumuncwa amandla amakhemikhali.
2. Ngokuhamba ukuphila kohlobo oluthile abakhethayo ekuqongeleleni kwenzeka. Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi okuhlushwa. Kungenzeka ukwanda okukhulu lokuhlushwa yezingxenye medium noma ukuqongelela umuntu othize noma omunye isici, kungakhathaliseki medium.
3. Inkokhelo umsebenzi kwezinsalela namaminerali abiogenous izinto eziningi eziphilayo e noqhekeko ezingaphili imikhiqizo wezinto abathintekayo ezintweni eziphilayo umjikelezo kwakhiwa izingxenye.
4. Ecosystem umsebenzi noshintsho nemingcele ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali imvelo.
5. Ngenxa ukunyakaza kokusebenzisana ukudla zenzeka uquqaba enkulu izakhi futhi isiqondiso ovundlile ngokumelene amandla adonsela phansi. Ngakho, ukusebenza kwezithuthi wenziwa.