Izimo letitsintsa izinga yokusabela chemical

Nge welithi "isivinini" ngokuvamile ihlangabezane ngokuhamba physics. Inchazelo jikelele isivinini kuyinto ukubaluleka esibonisa indlela eshintsha yimuphi isici per unit isikhathi.

I-chemistry esetshenziswa definition "chemical yokusabela isilinganiso." Lesi sigaba inquma kangakanani per unit isikhathi kuyahlukahluka lokuhlushwa kokuqala reagents noma imikhiqizo ukuphendula etholwe.

Ukulinganisa izinga, ukushintsha lokuhlushwa omunye izinto.

Izinqubo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu endaweni eyohlobo. Eyohlobo (iyunifomu) zinhlelo uketshezi noma umoya. Lezi ukusabela zenzeke ngokugcwele. I chemical yokusabela isilinganiso ngoba isimiso esinjalo ekushintsheni isilinganiso lokuhlushwa ibalwa kanye isikhathi ngesikhathi lapho lesi simo kwenzeka.

Non-eyohlobo (heterogeneous) kohlelo zimi kanje: okuqinile - igesi, okuqinile - liquid igesi - ketshezi. Kulezi izinhlelo ukuphendula zenzeka e-surface isigaba umngcele. Izinga zamakhemikhali kumasistimu heterogeneous ukucacisa inombolo nezimvukuzane izinto okuyinto oyifakile noma kwakhiwa ngokudalula iyunithi ebusweni per unit isikhathi.

Izimo letitsintsa izinga yokusabela chemical

Ithinta ukubhekana lokuhlushwa izinto, izinga lokushisa, khona kulethe (inhibitor), endaweni contact kanye nohlobo izithako ezisebenzayo.

Okokuqala, amakhemikhali yokusabela isilinganiso luncike lokuhlushwa reactants. Sikhula ngokulingana ngqo umkhiqizo lokuhlala kwabo. Isizathu ngenxa yokwanda ijubane okwandisa imali reagents izenzo kuyizinhlayiyana ukushayisana ngenxa ukwandisa isibalo sabo per unit ivolumu.

Ukwandisa ukugeleza rate of iyinkimbinkimbi inqubo yamakhemikhali kunomthelela ekwandeni lokushisa. I zamakhemikhali ezenzeka izinhlelo eyohlobo (uketshezi izixazululo, igesi Izingxube) zenzeka ngenxa ukushayisana izingxenye (izinhlayiya). Nokho, musa njalo kungqubuzana reagents kuholela imikhiqizo emisha. izinhlayiya kuphela esebenzayo nokukhulu amandla, ukufeza ukusabela zamakhemikhali.

Njengoba kwanda lokushisa kwandisa amandla kinetic ka kwezinhlobo zamakhemikhali isibalo sezinye izinhlobo asebenzayo futhi kwandisa. Ngakho-ke, ukusabela kuzokwenzeka ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu kunasekuqaleni ongaphakeme. Nquma ukuthi izinga yokusabela incike lokushisa, ngokuvamile ivumela van't Hoff. Lokhu postulate ukuthi njengoba inyuka lokushisa kwabayishumi degrees Celsius, chemical yokusabela isilinganiso luyanda 3-4 izikhathi. Nokho, lokhu ngokuvamile linikeza amagugu icishe ilingane, futhi isetshenziswa kuphela orienting ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwethonya lokushisa.

nomthelela omkhulu ijubane yokusabela ihumusha khona kulethe - ikhemikhali ngesivinini inqubo amakhemikhali. Catalysts uxhumane reagents ukwakha Lesisemkhatsini chemical compounds, futhi ekupheleni ukusabela zikhishwa. Ngokwe isimo wokuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa yelikhono eyohlobo futhi heterogeneous.

Izinto ukuthi zivimbela ukuphendula, ngokuthi inhibitor.

Izinga ukuphendula futhi kuncike endaweni ahlangene contact we reactants. Ukuze andise lesi sici, izidakamizwa is nepepper. Izinga esiphezulu comminution ibangelwa Ukuqedwa the reagents. Ngakho-ke, ukusabela esheshayo zenzeka isixazululo.

Nature reactants Kuthinta izinga yokusabela. Ngokwesibonelo, yensimbi kanye magnesium abe nesivinini ezahlukene nokuxhumana emakamu efanayo acid. Lokhu kungenxa ezahlukene amakhemikhali umsebenzi lezi zinsimbi.