Okwenziwayo izindleko ngemisebenzi zezomnotho omhlaba anothile

R. Kose okungukuthi umsunguli neoinstitutionalism. Nguye ngo-1937 emsebenzini wakhe "ethi The Nature of the Niqinile" wabeka umbono izindleko kuthengiselana, okubhekisele izindleko egijima uhlelo emakethe. Kamuva, le ncazelo ishintshile. Baqala iphathwe njengomsebenzi izindleko ukuxhashazwa indlela yokuphila nesimiso sezomnotho.

North wabona izindleko kuthengiselana deku izikhungo kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe. Okungukuthi, izikhungo kanye izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkontileka ezikhona ukuze ulondoloze le uhlobo izindleko.

Okwenziwayo izindleko inkampani zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuvula inkampani noma cha, kuphakama lapho abantu bashintshisane amalungelo ubunikazi nemibandela selwazi. Lezi zindleko ezibhekwa ngokuqondene intuthuko yesivumelwano, nesiphetho (ukubhalisa) inkontileka futhi beqondisa ukuqaliswa inkontileka.

Ukwabela izindleko kuthengiselana ezilandelayo:

1. Cinga ulwazi, okuyinto aqukethe izindleko izinsiza, isikhathi adingekayo ngokuziphatha yosesho kanye elahlekile okuhlotshaniswa ukungapheleli incompleteness ulwazi aluthola.
2. Ukumeda. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko nesilinganiso, inqubo ukulinganiswa kanye ukuqaliswa izinyathelo ezihlose ukuqinisekisa ukulondeka amaqembu amaphutha nesilinganiso kanye nokulahlekelwa iphutha.
3. Inkontileka futhi ukuxoxisana.
4. Ukucaciswa nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo impahla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko ukulamula umbango okuqukethwe, imikhumbi, izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kusetjentiswa kwetinsita nekusebentisana isikhathi izindleko ezidingekayo wokubuyiselwa kwamalungelo wephule, kanye umonakalo owabangelwa sebhithi abampofu lamalungelo alithembekile yabo.
5. ukuziphatha ezingosomathuba.

Williamson kubhekwe kuthengiselana izindleko imvamisa futhi befa ngokucacile:

• 1 ezingeni. exchange kwesikhathi esisodwa phakathi kwezinhlangano ku-emakethe engaziwa. Akukho ngokucacile kwempahla, futhi ukhiye izinga intengo. Amafa: nto ukuthenga nokuthengisa imali.
• 2 ezingeni. exchange okuphindaphindayo phakathi kwezinhlangano impahla ngobuningi. Ukukala ukwanda, kodwa ngokucacile amafa okwamanje. Kukhona ntandokazi uhlelo. Okuphindaphindayo ukuthenga ke sisalondoloza ulwazi ngoba siyazi ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
• 3 ezingeni. Ukuphinda inkontileka, okuyinto kuhlobene kokutshalwa kwezimali ezimpahleni ezithile. Kwempahla Specific bangaphansi kuthengiselana ezithile. Lapha kukhona ukulahleka ekunqanyulweni yesivumelwano ukudayisa ethize amafa. Kukhona ubuhlobo mayelana umonakalo, noma ingozi ngenzuzo.
• 4 ezingeni. Ukutshalwa kwezimali embonini izimpahla esiyingqayizivele (amafa idiosyncratic). Ifa isandla kuboshelwe umsebenzi othile (technology). ukuthengiselana Idiosyncratic zidinga imizamo ahlangene inkampani. Phakathi amafemu livela ukuthengiselana ayisisekelo, okungukuthi, non-emakethe uhlobo zokuxhumana, nawubuka amaqembu komunye nomunye. Yiqiniso, ikhasimende angaya nezinye abahlinzeki, kodwa akuyona losizo zombili izinhlangothi.

izindleko kuthengiselana Administrative - kukhona izindleko ukusebenza yesivumelwano phakathi ngokuqinile kanye nabasebenzi bayo. Bahlanganisa izindleko kwabasebenzi nokuphathwa, isivikelo ukumuncwa, ie ukudalwa izindleko, ukugcinwa kanye ushintsho kwenhlangano. Kunciphise nezindleko nazo labelwe inhlangano, izindleko ezihlobene owela ngokomzimba kwezimpahla namasevisi ahlobene yokukhiqiza izinqubo imingcele.

Inkinga yokuvuselela futhi ushintsho amafomu imibhalo - ke okungukuthi futhi okwenzayo izindleko.

Ubukhulu lolu hlobo Izindleko incike ukuziphatha kwabantu. Ngakho-ke akuyona utshalomali ezidingekayo ukudala isimo sivune kule ibhizinisi. Inkinga enkulu nesilinganiso lolu hlobo ukusetshenziswa kwezimali.