Isiwula esingcwele ... Incazelo yegama elithi "isiwula esingcwele". Izimpumputhe ezingcwele ezingcwele

Abantu bakholelwa ukuthi isicaba esingcwele singumuntu odingekayo ngokusobala kwesifo sengqondo noma iphutha lomuntu. Ngamazwi alula, kungumuntu oyisiwula. Isonto ngokungapheli liphikisa le ncazelo, liphikisana ngokuthi abantu abanjalo bazilahla ngokuzumayo ukuhlukunyezwa, bazibophezela emkhunjini ofihla umusa weqiniso wemicabango. Imfundiso yenkolo idinga ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemiqondo emibili efana neziwula eziyingcwele ezivela emvelo kanye neziwula eziyizingcwele "zikaKristu." Uma uhlobo lokuqala lwezinto zonke lubonakala lucacile, khona-ke lesibili kufanele sixoxwe ngokuningiliziwe. Bathi, ngenxa yothando lwabo oluqinile ngoNkulunkulu, baba yizintandane, bazivikela ezithengweni zezwe kanye nezinto ezizenzekelayo, bezilahla ekuzulazuleni okuphakade kanye nesizungu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, babengakwazi ukukhokhela izinkohliso, ukuziphatha okungcolile emphakathini, bezama ukudukisa abadlula. Ukuchitha amasonto emithandazo, izinyanga ehhovisi, banikezwa isipho sokuhlinzeka, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, bazama ukugwema udumo lomhlaba.

Izembatho ezifanelekile zokubusiswa ngumzimba onqunu, oqhekekile, obonisa ukunganaki inyama enokubola. Isithombe esingaziwa sinezincazelo ezimbili. Okokuqala, kungukuthi kungcwele futhi kungenacala kwengelosi. Okwesibili, ukufisa, ukuziphatha okubi, ukufaniswa kukaDeveli, owavele evele ehamba nge-Gothic art. Le ndoda inezincazelo ezimbili, ibe yinye insindiso, kanti abanye bayabhubhisa. Noma kunjalo babe nesici esihlukile sokugqoka - ihembe noma i-loincloth.

Ulimi isiwula esingcwele lukhuluma lutho. Kodwa abalandeli bezimungulu babembalwa, ngoba lokhu bekuphikisana nemisebenzi eqondisiwe: ukuveza izibi zabantu nokubiza izibikezelo. Bakhetha okuthile phakathi kokuthula nokusakaza. Abashushumbisi babemangalisa futhi behlekisana ngokungathí sina, bephethe izinto ezingenangqondo.

Ukuhunyushwa kwegama

Ubuwula buhunyushwa kusukela eSlavonic yakudala njengenhlanhla nesiwula, livela kula mazwi alandelayo: Ourod neYurod. Izincazelo ezichazayo ze-Proshtudirovan Ozhegova, Efremova, Dahl, singaphetha ngokuthi incazelo yegama ifana.

Izakhiwo ze-Semantic

1. Enkolweni, isiwula esingcwele ngumuntu oye walahlekelwa izinzuzo zasemhlabeni futhi ukhethe indlela yokuzikhethela yena. Umdemani ohlakaniphile obomunye obuso bukabungcwele. (Izimpumputhe ezingcwele zadansa futhi zakhala. VI Kostylev "Ivan the Terrible")

2. Incazelo yasendulo yegama elithi "stupid".

3. Isikhundla esingavumelani esenza umuntu ahlukumeze: ayingqayizivele, engavamile. (Ingabe ngibukeka sengathi ngiyisiwula esingcwele esishayelayo namuhla esibulawa namuhla? MABulgakov, Master noMargarita)

Incazelo yokuphila

Ngokuziphatha kwabo bazama ukubonisana nabantu, babakhombise ngesimo se-caricature izenzo zabo nezenzo zabo. Babehleka amahlaya abantu njengomona, ukukhwabanisa, intukuthelo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuphakanyiswe abantu ukuthi babe namahloni ngenxa yobukhona obufanelekile. Ngokungafani nezinkukhu zezingane, iziphukuphuku ezingcwele azizange zisebenzise ukuthuthumela nokuthungatha. Babeqondiswa uthando nokuzwelana ngabantu abalahlekelwa indlela yabo ekuphileni.

I-Procopius Ustyugsky

Isiwula esingcwele, owaqala ukuzifanisa nesithunywa senkululeko kaNkulunkulu, ekhuthaza bonke abantu base-Ustyug ukuba bathandaze ngeSonto ekuseni, mhlawumbe iNkosi izojezisa umuzi wabo. Wonke umuntu wamhleka, ecabanga ukuthi wayenamahloni. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa waphinde wacela izakhamuzi ukuthi ziphenduke futhi zithandaze, kodwa futhi azizwanga. Ngokushesha isiprofetho sakhe sagcwaliseka: isiphepho esibi sasihlasela umuzi. Abantu abesabayo bagijimela enkundleni yamasonto, futhi eduze kwesithonjana sikaMama kaNkulunkulu bathola indoda ekhulekayo ekhulekayo. Izakhamuzi nazo zaqala ukuthandaza ngenkuthalo, ezalondoloza umuzi wazo ekubhujisweni. Abaningi basindisa imiphefumulo yabo, baphendukela kuMninimandla onke. Ebusuku nasebandleni ubusuku bonke, uProcopius obusisiwe wachitha isikhathi ethandaza egumbini lesonto, futhi ekuseni walala ebhukwini.

E-Antiyokiya, izimpumputhe ezingcwele ezingcwele zaqashelwa, enye yazo yayinombonakaliso wezimpawu ezinjengenja efile eboshelwe umlenze wakhe. Ngenxa yezimangalisa ezinjalo, abantu bahlale bebahlekisa, bavame ukukhahlela nokushaya. Ngakho isiphetho sokuthi isiwula esingcwele singumfel 'ukholo, kuphela ngokungafani nokuqonda okuvamile kweli gama, ukuhlupheka nokuhlupheka okungaphezu kwesisodwa, kodwa kulo lonke impilo yakhe.

U-Andrew Christ ubusisiwe ngesiwula esingcwele

Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMbusi uLena Omkhulu-Ohlakaniphile, indoda eyathenga izigqila eziningi yayihlala eConstantinople, phakathi kwabo kwakuyindodana yobuSlavic ebizwa ngokuthi u-Andrei. Umnikazi wamthanda kakhulu kunabanye, ngoba lo mfana wayemhle, uhlakaniphile futhi unomusa. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, indawo ayeyintandokazi yokuvakashelwa iye yaba isonto, ekufundeni yena wayekhetha imiBhalo Engcwele. Ngesinye isikhathi wabanjwa nguDeveli futhi waqala ukungqongqoza emnyango wokudideka. U-Andrew wayekwesaba futhi wagijima embhedeni, efihla isikhumba sembuzi. Ngokushesha walala futhi waphupha, lapho amabutho amabili avela phambi kwakhe. Ngenye impi babesembathweni ezinjengezingilosi, futhi kwenye befana namademoni namademoni. I-Black Army yanikela uMhlophe ukuba alwe neqhawe layo elinamandla, kodwa abazange balwe ukulwa empini. Khona-ke insizwa ebhekene nokukhanya ehla ezulwini. Ezandleni zakhe kwakukhona imiqhele emithathu yobuhle obungavamile. U-Andrew wayefuna ukuzithenga ngemali umnikazi ayengayinika yona, emva kokubona ubuhle obunjalo. Kodwa u-Angelo uphakamise enye indlela, ethi lezi zinsika azithengiswa nganoma iyiphi ingcebo yasemhlabeni, kodwa zingabaka-Andreya uma enqoba leli giant elimnyama. U-Andreya wamhlula, wathola imiqhele njengomvuzo, futhi ngemva kokuzwa amazwi oPhezukonke. INkosi yabiza uAndreya ukuba abusiswe ngenxa yakhe futhi wathembisa imiklomelo eminingi nodumo. Isiyingi esingcwele salalela lokhu futhi sanquma ukwenza intando kaNkulunkulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, u-Andrei waqala ukuhamba ehambahamba emgwaqweni, ekhombisa isidumbu sakhe esinqunywe emasontweni, ezenza sengathi sinobuqili, sithwele ngokungenasici. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi ehlambalazwa futhi egaxekile ngemuva, ekhuthaze indlala futhi ebanda, ukushisa nokumila, futhi wanika abanye abaceli izipho. Ngenxa yokulalela nokubekezela kwakhe, wathola njengomvuzo ovela eNkosini isipho sokuphikisana nokubikezela, ngenxa yokuthi wasindisa imiphefumulo eminingi ephutha futhi waletha abakhohlisi kanye nabahlali bezulu.

Ngenkathi efunda imithandazo esontweni laseVlaherna, u-Andrei isicefe esingcwele wabona uMbusi Obusisiwe, owathola kuye isibusiso. Ngo-936 u-Andrey wafa.

Amazwi angesabi

Iziwula azilwa kuphela ngezono zomuntu, kodwa nazo zodwa, ngokuziqhenya. Ukuthobeka kwabo ukuthobeka iminyaka eminingi kwasiza ekusindeni konke ukuhlaselwa kwabantu nokushaywa. Kodwa ukuthobeka nokulalela kwabo akusho ukuthi babuthakathaka futhi banamathele. Ngezinye izikhathi benza amazwi aphezulu avela emasimini lapho abanye abantu bebemi khona futhi besabeka amehlo abo ngesabisa.

Isibonelo emlandweni

Ngemva kokukholelwa kakhulu nguNikolai Sallos, owaziwa ngokuthi yisiphukuphuku sikaPhukov, u-Ivan the Terrible wenqabe ukudla inyama emaphoyiseni, ephikisana ngokuthi ungumKristu. U-Nikolai obusisiwe akazange alahlekelwe ikhanda lakhe futhi waphawula ukuthi i-tsar yayinesikhundla esingavamile: ukungadli inyama, kodwa ukuphuza igazi lobuKristu. Inkosi yahlazeka yilokho mazwi futhi, kanye nebutho lakhe, laphoqeleka ukuba liphume edolobheni. Ngakho isisulu esingcwele sagcina i-Pskov ekubhujisweni.

Izibonelo ezincwadini

Isithombe esiyingqayizivele sesiphambeko esingcwele, esaziwa wonke umuntu kusukela esemncane - i-hero yama-Russian folk tales Ivan the Fool. Ekuqaleni wayebonakala eyisiphukuphuku, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwacaca ukuthi ukungaboni kahle kwakhe kwakungavamile.

UN.M. Karamzin wadala iqhawe okuthiwa uVasily Blazhenny , engesabi ukuhlazeka kuka-Ivan the Terrible, wamangalela zonke izenzo zakhe ezinonya. Unomlingiswa ogama lakhe linguJohn the Blessed, ohamba ngezinyawo ngisho naseqhwa elivuthayo futhi ekhoneni ngalinye wakhuluma ngezinto ezimbi zikaBoris Godunov.

Isibusiso sikaPushkin

Wonke lawa maqhawe eKaramzin aphefumulela u-Alexander Pushkin ukudala isithombe sakhe senceku engcwele, ebizwa nge-Iron Kolpak. Naphezu kwendima yesibili eyabelwe yona kanye nezimpendulo ezimbalwa endaweni eyodwa kuphela, unayo "inhloso yeqiniso" yakhe, lapho egcwalisa khona inhlekelele yonke. Akumangalisi ukuthi leli gama alikwazi ukulimaza kuphela, kodwa futhi libulale. Ucela ukuvikelwa ku-Godunov ngemuva kokucasuka ngabafana basekhaya futhi wathatha ipenny, efuna isijeziso esifanayo lapho i-tsar ehlongozwayo ukuba ifake isikhulu esincane. Isiwula esingcwele safuna ukubabulala. Lezi zindaba mayelana nekusasa lomntwana akulona omusha, kukhulunywe ngazo ezigcawu zangaphambilini, kodwa umehluko emgqeni. Uma ngaphambi kwalesi sihloko kuphela ukuhlekisayo, manje icala labikwa ngomuntu futhi esidlangalaleni, okwesabisa uBoris. Inkosi ibonise ukuthi kwenzekani, njengengqikithi encane idumela lakhe, kodwa i-Iron Cap yavula amehlo abantu ukuthi lobu bugebengu bubucayi, nokuthi akufanelekile ukuthandazela inkosi-inkosi.

I-ascetics evulekile yagwema inkazimulo yasemhlabeni, kodwa ngenxa yenkathazo yabo kanye nezikhathi ezingakhiwe iNkosi yabanikeza ikhono lokusebenza izimangaliso ngamandla ezwi lomthandazo.