Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zebhizinisi. Umsebenzi womabhizinisi

Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo zebhizinisi zimelela ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo bonke abahlanganyeli bemakethe mayelana nemisebenzi yabo ehlangene ehlose ukukhipha inzuzo ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali eyinhloko. Ibhizinisi ngokwayo liyisinyathelo sokusebenza komnotho, esinikezwa ngemali eyakho noma ebolekiwe ngesikhathi esisodwa kubonakala ngengozi yomuntu siqu nangobungozi, uzibeka ngokwawo, ngenhloso yemigomo esemqoka, inzuzo nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwebhizinisi.

Izici zobunjwa

Uma sicabangela izinhlobo zebhizinisi njengezobudlelwane be-capitalist, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa izici eziningi zezici zabo:

• Ukuba khona kwemali yenzalo, esetshenzisiwe kwimeko ethile;
• Ukutholakala kohlobo oluhlosiwe lokutshalwa kwemali ngenzalo ngokuthola imali engenayo ngemali etshalwa imali;
• Ukwakhiwa kobudlelwane abathile nabanye abahlanganyeli bemakethe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemali ebhaliwe, okufaka kokubili kokuqala nokulandela.

Ubuhlobo obuningi bezomnotho obathinta abantu abaningana abasebenza ebhizinisini bunzima futhi buningi kangangokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukucacisa imingcele ecacile kule mboni. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ukuhweba, okubandakanya izinhlobo ezahlukene zebhizinisi, namuhla kuthathwa njengomqondo wezomthetho. Kuhlale kuwuhlobo oluhlelwe ngokomthetho lomsebenzi wabantu, olwenziwe ngaphakathi kweminye indlela yokuphathwa echazwe ngumthetho.

Isakhiwo nezinto

Njengoba izinto zebhizinisi eziyinhloko zikhululekile emisebenzini yazo yamakethe, abanikazi bodwa bezindleko, abangabantu ngabanye, kanye nabanikazi nabanikazi bamabhizinisi, okuthiwa izinhlangano zomthetho. Kuze kube manje, emazweni lapho kunomnotho wamakethe athuthukile khona, kunamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abazimele noma baqoqa ingozi yabo siqu, bavame ukuvula amabhizinisi amasha amaningi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kaningi ubona indlela izinhlobo zebhizinisi ezingafani ngayo ezixubene nemibono "yezohwebo" kanye "nokuhweba".

Noma yiliphi ibhizinisi lomndeni noma elinye uhlobo limelela uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwezenhlalakahle, okuletha imali yomnikazi wayo noma ezinye izinzuzo zomuntu siqu. Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wezomnotho ungenziwa emkhakheni wokukhiqiza kokubili okungezona okubonakalayo, ngenxa yalokho okuzobe uhlukaniswe kahle ngayo:

• Ukuhweba, okuyinto yomnotho emkhakheni wokukhiqiza impahla;
• I-Commerce, okungumsebenzi kwezinye izindawo ezingezona izinto.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wezamabhizinisi, izinto ezihlukahlukene zezinto ezibonakalayo zibhekwa, kanti umsebenzi wezebhizinisi uhlinzekwa ngezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene.

Amafomu

Ibhizinisi, ibhizinisi elizimele nelomndeni lingenziwa ngamagama amathathu ayisisekelo:

• Ukusebenzisana;
• Ukuhweba okuzimele noma ngabanye ;
• Izinkampani.

I-Private Entrepreneurship

Ezimweni eziningi, ibhizinisi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni libhekisela kuleli fomu, lapho umuntu othize okwenza ngesikhathi esifanayo imisebenzi yokusebenza yomphathi ibhekwa njengomnikazi. Okwamanje leli fomu elivame kakhulu, elijwayelekile kumazinkampani emkhakheni wezinsizakalo, amapulazi, izitolo ezincane, kanye neminye imisebenzi yezokwelapha, yezomthetho neminye eminingi.

Ukubambisana

Ukubambisana ibhizinisi lapho umnikazi ongaphezu kweyodwa ekhona khona. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokuxhumana okunjalo yilokho ibhizinisi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe amaningi kulula ukwenza, ngoba ukuhlanganiswa kwabantu abaningana kunikeza ukuhlanganiswa kwemibono yemali kanye nemibono ehlangene. Uma sikhuluma ngamaphutha, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo:

• Ukuqonda okungenangqondo ngemigomo esemqoka yomsebenzi wenkampani ngabo bonke abahlanganyeli bayo;
• Ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezibonelelo zemali ezitholakalayo;
• Ukubunzima kokunquma isabelo esiqondile somhlanganyeli ngamunye ekulahlekelweni noma ngenzuzo yebhizinisi, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla.

Corporation

Le nhlangano isethi ethile yabantu abaye banquma ukuhlanganisa ukuqhuba imisebenzi yebhizinisi ehlanganyelwe njengenhlangano eyodwa yomthetho. Amabhizinisi amakhulu namaphakathi ahlanganisa inani elikhulu lamafomu anjalo, futhi ilungelo lokuphinda lihlukaniswe ngokusho kwamasheya. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi abanikazi bezinhlangano ezinjalo babizwa ngokuthi "abanikazi bamasheya", kanti bona ngokwabo babizwa ngokuthi inkampani yokubambisana. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abanikazi kuleli cala banomthwalo wemali elinganiselwe, okwenziwe ngumnikelo wabo.

Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalolu fomu ukutholakala kwamathuba angalinganiselwe ngokuheha imali ngemali ngokuthengisa izibopho kanye namasheya, kanye nokwahlukana kwamalungelo abo bonke abanikazi bamasheya ezandleni zomuntu siqu kanye nempahla. Noma kunjalo, kunamaphutha amaningi:

• Ukuba khona kwentela kabili yalowo yingxenye yemali engenayo yenhlangano evunyelwe ukukhokhwa njengezinzuzo kumnikazi ngamunye wamasheya: okokuqala kubalwa njengengxenye yenzuzo yenkampani, kuyilapho okwesibili kuyingxenye yomholo womuntu siqu;
• Amathuba amahle kakhulu okwenza ubugebengu obuhlukahlukene bezomnotho, okuvame ukuboniswa ukuthi kungenzeka ukukhishwa nokuthengisa amasheya, okwamanje angenayo intengo yangempela.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukwehluleka kwalolu hlobo lwebhizinisi ukuhlukaniswa kwemisebenzi nokulawula impahla. Ibhizinisi elikhulu neliphakathi laleli fomu linikeza ukusabalalisa kwamasheya phakathi kwenani labanikazi abanele ngokwanele, ngenxa yalokho imisebenzi yobunikazi nokulawula ihlukaniswa omunye nomunye. Umnikazi ngamunye kuleli cala unesithakazelo ekutholeni izinzuzo ezingaphezulu, kuyilapho abaphathi bezama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziselwa okuqhubekayo ekusakazweni.

Kunamanye amaphutha amaningi ezinkampanini, kodwa ngandlela-thile izinzuzo zabo zinqoba kakhulu kuzo zonke lezi zinsalela, ngakho-ke leli fomu lebhizinisi aliyeki ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kuze kube yilolu suku.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zebhizinisi

Imisebenzi yabaningi besomabhizinisi ibhizinisi linenani elikhulu kakhulu lezici ezifanayo, kodwa kunemibono eminingi, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izimo ezahlukene zivela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zebhizinisi, ezihlobene nezingozi ezithile kanye nezinzuzo zokuncintisana. Njengenqubo yokusebenzisa konke okushiwo ngenhla, osomabhizinisi bazama ukwakha izindlela zabo zomsebenzi ophumelelayo wendaba ethile. Ngamanye amazwi, kuleso simo ngasinye isakhiwo sebhizinisi esiyingqayizivele kanye nezindlela ezikhethekile zokusetshenziswa kwalo ezisetshenziswayo.

Kungenzeka futhi ukuthola inombolo enkulu ngokwanele yokwehlukana kwezinqubo zomthetho wezomthetho osomabhizinisi wamanje osetshenzisiwe. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphrojekthi webhizinisi ahlukene nawo acatshangelwa lapha, futhi ukuwaqonda kangcono, ibhizinisi lihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lobunikazi, ubukhulu nembonini ethile.

Ukukhiqizwa

Loluhlobo lwebhizinisi lubhekwa ukuthi luhola namuhla futhi luhlukile emsebenzini walo oyinhloko ngendlela yokuhlelwa kwemikhiqizo ethile. Lokhu kubandakanya izinkampani ezahlukene ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni izingubo, izimonyo, amakha, izidakamizwa, kanye nezinye izinhlangano. Namuhla, ukukhiqiza kuyinto evame kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ibhizinisi elinjalo eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha aseRussia yisiteji esakha umnotho wamakethe wanamuhla wezwe. Ngaphakathi kwemingcele yecala elinjalo, izinto zokusetshenziswa ziguqulwa zibe imikhiqizo elungele ukuqaphela kamuva.

Ukwenza into enjalo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuthengiswa ngosomabhizinisi inombolo ethile yokukhiqiza. Ukuze ukhiqize izimpahla udinga ukusebenzisa imali ethile yokusebenza ngendlela yegumbi lokusebenzela, izinto ezidingekayo, kanye nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ibhizinisi elinjalo eMoscow, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umuzi, angeke lenziwe ngaphandle kolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe obufanele, futhi izindlela eziyisisekelo ezithengwa ngumninimabhizinisi cishe zihlale zihlukaniswa nokuphila okunomsoco isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke asikho isizathu sokuthemba lokho , Ukuthi izindleko zabo zizodluliselwa kumikhiqizo eqediwe ngomjikelezo owodwa. Konke lokhu kubangela ukukhishwa kwemali yempahla yomnikazi.

Ngaphezu kwempahla eluhlaza, osomabhizinisi oye wanquma ukuvula ibhizinisi elisha lolu hlobo kumele asebenzise imali ukuheha abasebenzi, akhiphe zonke izinto ezidingekayo, futhi aqashe noma athenge izindawo zokugcina ezizogcinwa kuzo. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngempahla yokugcina yemikhiqizo ephelele, ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokulungisa umsebenzi, ukuvuselela abasebenzi njalo nezinye izinto eziningi, eziningi zazo ezingenakubalwa kuqala futhi zikhethwe.

Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kuleli bhizinisi ukuthi zonke izinkampani zebhizinisi zikhokha isikhathi esanele futhi inzuzo yangempela iveza okuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Yingakho lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luvame ukusekelwa wuhulumeni.

Ukuhweba

Enhliziyweni yebhizinisi lebhizinisi kukhona imisebenzi yokuthenga nokudayiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene. Kulesi simo, osomabhizinisi bavula ibhizinisi elisha njengabadayisi noma abadayisi, ukuthengisa izimpahla ezithengwe komunye nomunye ukukhiqizwa nge-wholesale lot. Amaketanga e-Pharmacy, izitolo ze-inthanethi, izitolo zokudayisa edolobheni, i-refueling - lezi nezinye izinhlangano eziningi ziyimisebenzi yokuhweba.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuqonda kahle ukuthi ekudluleni indlela evela kumkhiqizi kumthengi, izimpahla azishintshi nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngakho-ke, abathengi ngokuvamile abacabangi ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokuletha umkhiqizo oyifunayo kusuka kumenzi, futhi isitolo sebhizinisi sinikeza yonke imikhiqizo ngenduduzo enkulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isabelo somuntu webhizinisi asiwi nje kuphela ukuthi angayithola umahluko phakathi kwentengo yokuqala yomkhiqizi kanye nokuthengisa okudayisa, kodwa futhi ubungozi bezingozi ezihambisana nokwenyuka kwamanani noma izinguquko ekufuneni.

Lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi luyinto elula kakhulu futhi ecacile, uma uqhathanisa nokukhiqiza nabanye abaningi, futhi inzuzo eyinhloko yikhono lokudala nokukhuthaza ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokutholakala kokufinyelela kwi-Inthanethi namuhla ukukhishwa nokukhangisa abathengi kuxazululwa cishe ngaso leso sikhathi. Ibhizinisi elenziwe ekuqaleni "lendawo" lingasungulwa ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezingeni lesifunda noma lombuso, futhi izimpahla zokusetshenziswa jikelele zingenziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Yingakho imibono yebhizinisi elinjalo nokutshala izimali ezingeni eliphansi lisetshenzisiwe kakhulu.

Futhi, umuntu akanakusiza ukusho ukuthi umsebenzi wezohwebo ubonakala ngenzuzo ephakeme kakhulu. Emhlabeni wonke, cishe u-10% wenzuzo yebhizinisi incike ekukhiqizeni, kanti uhlangothi lwezebhizinisi lwenkinga luhlasela 30% noma ngaphezulu. Izingozi zebhizinisi elinjalo zibonakala kuphela ekuthembekeni okuphezulu ezimweni zemakethe. Ukusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi kugcizelela ukuba khona kolwazi oluthile mayelana nobuqili bokumaketha, ithalenta ye-orator nezinye izimfanelo ezibalulekile.

Ukumelwa kwezezimali

Ibhizinisi lezezimali libhekwa njengelusizo olukhethekile lokuhweba, njengoba lapha, njengomkhakha wemisebenzi , ukubolekwa kwemali kanye nokugeleza kwemali kuyasebenza. Icala elinjalo lisekelwe ngokugcwele ebhange, umshuwalense kanye nenkokhelo yezimali, futhi ngokuvamile kuvame ukuthola ukuthengiselana ngezimali zangaphandle kanye nokuvikeleka ekuphatheni kwabathengi. Lesi sigaba sithathwe ngokuphelele ngabathengisi nabathengisi. Abanomabhizinisi bezezimali bahola ngenxa yokuqaliswa kokuthengiswa kwezimali ezehlukene, kanye nalapho bethola izabelo kanye nesithakazelo. Izibonelo zebhizinisi zalolu hlobo ziyaziwa wonke umuntu: amabhange, amahhovisi okuthengisa, njll.

Ezweni lanamuhla, kubhekwa njengebhizinisi eliyingozi kunazo zonke, futhi kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kunomthethonqubo wesimo esinamandla lapha ukuthi ama unit kuphela angaphila. Ezimweni eziningi, amafemu asebenza endaweni yemali ngabadlali abakhulu abanezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuncintisana:

• Ukuvumelana nezimo;
• Ukutholakala kokutholakala okusheshayo kwemithombo;
• Ukuhamba ngokukhululekile kwemithombo;
• Ukusebenzisana nezimakethe zezimali zomhlaba wonke.

Ngakho-ke, namuhla cishe wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuvula ibhizinisi lakhe uma eqiniseka ngamakhono akhe futhi unomthamo othile wokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akudingeki sikhathazeke kakhulu mayelana nalokhu okulandelayo, njengalokhu kuhlelo oluhle lwebhizinisi, manje kungenzeka ngaphandle kokubunzima ukuthola inkokhelo kunoma yiliphi ibhange ukuze livule ibhizinisi elincane le-intanethi noma ngisho nebhizinisi elincane.