Womuntu pharyngeal umsebenzi

Akumangalisi ukuthi pharynx ubizwa ngokuthi 'esangweni main "emzimbeni womuntu, ngoba konke uthola ngaphakathi, sidlula emzimbeni. Ngo abantu, kube okungukuthi ngaphezulu esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "emphinjeni", kodwa yezokwelapha amagama, uye elinye igama. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani yiziphi umsebenzi pharyngeal futhi iyini indima yalo ekuphileni izinqubo.

definition yesayensi

Ngokombono imithi, pharynx (Lat. Pharynx) okungukuthi i yokuxhuma chain phakathi ngomlomo ingaphakathi nekhala. Ngaphandle, kubukeka sengathi ngamapayipi ukuthi iqala amalaka, emphinjeni kanye imikhawulo. Lokho lokhu kungenxa indima yayo njengoba zinendima ebalulekile nje kuphela wokugaya ukudla, kodwa futhi inqubo zokuphefumula.

Isakhiwo pharynx

Isakhiwo yokwakheka pharynx akuyona isu elilula: umzimba kuvela ngasesinqeni se ugebhezi (mayelana ithambo hyoid) luqhubeke kuze VI-VII ka amathambo wesibeletho (cishe ezingeni we clavicle). Ubude emphinjeni kubantu zokhahlamba kusuka 10 (izingane nentsha) kuya ku-14 cm (e abadala).

wonke Ebusweni engaphakathi mucosa pharyngeal futhi indlala ngaphansi okuyinto globular kufihlwe imisipha ikhono ungenwa (nciphisa futhi elula). Asiza umzimba ukuze afeze imisebenzi yayo. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-pharynx:

• ukuphefumula
• ukugwinya ukudla,
• Ezemfundo amazwi.

Ngokuvamile, kudivayisi pharynx kungenziwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela: yakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu (ikhala, umlomo kanye laryngeal), ngamunye okuyinto ixhunywe ipayipi jikelele futhi enze izenzo ezithile. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono anatomy we pharynx kufanele kube isifundo eningiliziwe isakhiwo ngayinye izingxenye zalo.

Ukushayela nasopharynx

Ingxenye engenhla pharynx, exhunywe kwi ngalo ingaphakathi acinene, sidlula izimbobo ekhethekile acinene - choanae, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi nasopharynx. Siqukethe front futhi bakhulise izingxenye, ngenxa okuyinto emphinjeni futhi ngacula ezimbili imisebenzi. Umuntu akakwazi wacabanga ngaphandle inqubo ukuphefumula, okuyinto, kuyobe ziyeke ukusebenza uma ukwephulwa yimiphi nasopharynx ohlelweni micro.

Kuvele umsebenzi ebalulekile nasopharynx ukuvikela umzimba wethu ngokumelene amagciwane ahlukahlukene kakhulu akwazi ukungena ngomlomo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngemuva engxenyeni engenhla pharynx kukhona emakamu kahle esikhulu kwezicubu lymphadenoid (ngamanye amagama, kuba amygdala), okuyinto uhlobo isithiyo endleleni amagciwane adala izifo futhi lubasize bajule.

Amalaka zitholakala umnsalo palatal, basuke embozwe epithelium wakubo esakha udonga obukhulu okuvikela amagciwane. Lymphadenoid Indwangu futhi indiza kolimi, eduze kakhulu impande. Bekanye namanye follicle amalaka futhi akha i chain annular e ukujiya mucosal. Ngo amagama wezokwelapha, le ngxenye yomzimba ubizwa ngokuthi pharyngeal lymphadenoid esiyingini kuyingxenye ebalulekile kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

Phakathi ingxenye pharynx: lokuphatselene nesakhiwo nemsebenti walo

Ingxenye eyalandela yalolu uhlelo kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento oropharynx: Le ndawo, osuka phansi ulimi emphinjeni. Yonke kobuso tube kwavula nge ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, okuyinto zitholakala imisipha. Icindezela emphinjeni futhi usize ibenze ukudla emphinjeni. Kunzima ukukholelwa, kodwa zonke izicubu ziyahamba njalo, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi obalulekile ingaphakathi emphinjeni.

Imisipha kunazo zonke kwezingu-oropharynx abizwa ngokuthi constrictors, kwakha umthwalo omkhulu phakathi kokuqina kohlelo kwemisipha. Zivame elise ezingemuva yokhalo iphiko emise (esifundeni ulimi) nokwenza imisebenzi emikhulu womphimbo wobuntu ukugaya. Ngaphezu nokudla ukudla noma isikhwehlela, zingabantu ahileleke izinqubo ukuvulwa kanye lokuvala womphimbo. Kuye lwendawo, zihlukaniswe constrictor engenhla, maphakathi kanye amabili ohlangothini.

Phansi ingxenye pharynx - hypopharynx

Umzimba lowermost ahlukaniswa ngesikhathi emuva emphinjeni, phezu vertebra 4th, ke elisukela ekuqaleni pharynx ukuze emphinjeni. Ingaphezulu hypopharynx has a igobolondo lunemicu kukhona ngaphansi okuyinto imisipha longitudinal futhi transverse. Ngesikhathi yokwamukela, imisipha longitudinal sisalokhu futhi ukudla njengoba Uphakamise emphinjeni, futhi isiphambano - baphokophelele izingcezu ukudla. Indima pharynx e ukugaya kubangelwa ikakhulu isimo umzimba: indlela amygdala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayakwazi ukuvikela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, azikho kwezinso ekuthuthukisweni kanye azikho okungamahlalakhona, kuhlasimulise noma izifo oncological.

Yiziphi nemisebenzi pharynx e umgudu wokuphefumula?

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi emphinjeni womuntu empeleni ixhunywe izakhi ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuphila: kuba izinhlelo zokuphefumula futhi wokugaya ukudla. Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba lo "kwakuphambana" akukho ukushayisana, futhi inqubo ngamunye siyasebenza kahle? Zonke daba idivayisi olukhohlisayo ukuthi umzimba.

Ngo esifundeni nasopharynx, ngenhla nje ezingeni ingaphakathi buccal, kuba uhlelo encane valve okuyinto yanjalo uvala noma kuvula ethile, umhubhe emphinjeni kuncike inqubo (noma ukuphefumula ukudla). The main emoyeni isiteshi ukuthi elisukela nasopharynx ukuba amalaka, imisipha ekhululekile zonke evulekile, ukuze sikwazi donsa ngokuphepha bese exhale ngomlomo. Lapho senza ukuzamula ke ukwahlukanisa itholakala eduze ulwanga elithambile, kuvumela emoyeni umongozima emlonyeni ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. Ngeshwa, abantu abakwazi ukulawula ngokuphelele imisipha ukwahlukanisa ngisho noma ukuthi siphakamise ulwanga esithambile futhi ukumisa ukugeleza komoya, ukudlula izohlala ivuliwe. Kwakuphakathi nalesi yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi izinhlayiyana zokudla angangena nasopharynx.

Okulandelayo elise kuqhoqhoqho, lapho umoya ungena kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube pharynx ngokukhanya. Lokhu umzimba kungenxa yokungabikho ukusatshalaliswa jikelele ukugeleza komoya emphinjeni, kodwa ngenxa elise ngasesinqeni se-valve (epiglottis) wenze imisebenzi ebalulekile pharynx e umgudu wokuphefumula.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-pharynx e ukugaya

Throat - yisona sakhiwo ngawo ukudla ukudla ingena emphinjeni bese esiswini. Emphinjeni kukhona izinqubo ezibalulekile ezithinta bonke ukugaya olwengeziwe. Kulapha ukudla kuqala elilinganisiwe ukunambitheka: ku oropharynx, ebusweni ulimi esisogwini ezenza yakha ukunambitheka kokudla futhi ngokuyinhloko nomthelela iphango.

Omunye umsebenzi we-pharynx kuyinto kokuqala yenqubo yokugaya ukudla: ngosizo namazinyo eluma esikudlayo, ukuhlafuna ugaye. I slyunovydelitelny emphinjeni kuyinto inqubo esebenzayo ngawo ukudla oswakanyiswe, futhi kalula idlula phezu pharynx ukuze emphinjeni.

Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo: ukusikwa kwemisipha anomthelela ukugwinya ukudla, kukhona reflex we isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko uthola amaza ezibangela imisipha ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile, okungukuthi, umuntu akulawuli le nqubo ... Lesi sici pharynx kwatholakala lapho umuntu ngaphansi izinzwa.

yezifo pharynx

Lapho kuqala kubanda uqale umqedazwe ubhubhane, lapho abantu sithathe amagciwane ahlukene. Omunye babonakala bethambekele kakhulu izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kwezitho yiso pharynx. . Lwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu izifo - kungcono sore emphinjeni, pharyngitis, laryngitis, namathansela nabanye Izimpawu lezi zifo kubuhlungu ngempela: amalaka umphimbo obuhlungu njalo, yisisu noma ivuvukele. Ukwelapha emphinjeni kungcono hhayi ulibale, ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi ngosizo amaphilisi anamuhla ngokushesha ukuqeda isifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye antivirals ukulwa ngempumelelo off amagciwane. Ngenjongo nokuvimbela Kunconywa ukuba alandele imithetho ethile, efana izindawo eziminyene, ukugqoka buso. izindlela Traditional yokwelashwa futhi akazange aphikisane: ubisi olufudumele uju ngempela athobe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we umphimbo kanye nekufakwa chamomile kanye namakhambi ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba.