Usosayensi uCharles Darwin: Biography, imibono nokwatholakala. UCharles Darwin: Biography emfushane

UCharles Darwin - omunye enemisebenzi kakhulu abacwaningi emlandweni wesintu. Semvelo, isihambi, nombhali imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo - lokho kuyingxenye encane kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe enkulu futhi sinesisindo.

Esakhula

Umlando Omfushane Darwin akuchazi umnikelo omkhulu kwenziwe usosayensi endaweni ukuthuthukiswa disiplin yesimanje, kodwa iqala 1809

isazi Uzalwa weshumi nambili ka-Februwari kule nguqulo yesiNgisi emkhayeni omkhulu e Shrewsbury, Shropshire.

Ngokusho idatha, ezashiya umlando Darwin ibika ukuthi ubaba womfana eyingoduso ngezimali. Kwathiwa futhi udokotela yimpumelelo. Umsebenzi Robert Darwin ivumela umndeni yokuphila ngokunethezeka. Ngemva kwalokho, uyise wayezimisele uyaziqhenya ukuthi indodana yakhe - uCharles Darwin. Umlando Omfushane usosayensi uqinisekisa ukuthi lo baba nendodana yakhe zonke izinsuku zokuhamba kwakhe ukuba basekelane.

Umama womfana kwesokunxele kuleli zwe ngo-1817, wahlala ukwaziswa okuncane kakhulu.

Umlando Omfushane Darwin kusitshela ukuthi uyisemkhulu Charles Erasmus, wayengudokotela, isazi sefilosofi, umbhali. Ngokuvamile, wonke amalungu omkhaya babe abantu ezingeni lelisetulu intelligence namasiko.

Hlobo luni lwemfundo wathola Darwin? Biography lisitshela ukuthi ngo-1817 waqala inkambo ngesikhathi wendawo usuku esikoleni, futhi ngemva konyaka wadluliswa laseSheshi.

Charles Young wayengekho kakhulu ingane eyisiphukuphuku. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo esikoleni angizange like ukufunda futhi ucabangele lwezifundo unesicefe kakhulu.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zabo khulula ayethanda ukuqoqa futhi ukufunda izinambuzane, amagobolondo amatshe engavamile. Kubukwe ngezinqubo ezingokwemvelo - izihlahla zezimbali nezihlahla, phezu kwemifula, isiqondiso somoya. Wayethanda ukuzingela nokudoba.

UCharles Darwin. Biography emfushane. eyunivesithi

Ngo-1825, ubaba wakhe balalela isicelo sendodana yakhe futhi emthuma ukuba ukufunda e-University of Edinburgh. Robert wafuna ukubona umfana owalandela lwamakhosi wezokwelapha.

Ikakhulukazi eziningi isikhathi esisisebenzisela ekutadisheni biology, ngokukhethekile, ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle, ulwelwe. Silithande Taxidermy, umlando wemvelo komhlaba. Wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo imisebenzi University Museum, lapho iqoqo enkulu kunayo yonke eYurophu izitshalo kwaba eqoqwe.

Ngemva kweminyaka emibili "kakhulu isidina" isikole lapho kukora ukuqeqeshwa.

Ngesikhathi ukunxusa uyise uthukuthele enquma ukudlulisela Faculty of Theology e Cambridge, lapho othisha bazokwazi bazi igama, bese wazamazama lonke izwe - uCharles Darwin. Biography ukhuluma ngokuthi umfakisicelo ufunde ngokucophelela izincwadi esontweni ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Engaged ngamunye nathishela e Shrewsbury lwakubo.

It ivula isahluko esisha ekuphileni kwakhe, Darwin. Biography kwalesi sikhathi empilweni usosayensi omkhulu ilandisa: ngokushesha ngemva amaholidi kaKhisimusi e 1828, yena ngempumelelo kudlule izivivinyo emnyango.

Iminyaka ukuqeqeshwa khumbula Izifundo ogibele, ukuzingela, lokuqoqa mabhungane, ukutadisha izincwadi, izibalo, i-physics kanye geography.

Wathweswa iziqu zemfundo e 1831. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngempumelelo enkulu phakathi nokuqeqeshwa akazange kukhanyise, lolu lwazi inikwe amandla Darwin ibe uhlu eziyishumi engcono abathweswe iziqu.

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu, waba nakakhulu singabaze iqiniso nezimfundiso zobuKristu.

UCharles Darwin: Biography emfushane. imisebenzi okungokwemvelo

Lapho sifuna never-ophela ekubonile usosayensi ezingaba bajwayelane sezitshalo abadumile Dzhonom Henslou, eyathola iziqu ngendlela iqembu elithile labacwaningi bemvelo eNingizimu Melika ababegibele "Beagle". Ngemva kwalokho, usosayensi odumile wajabula kakhulu ukuthi iqembu wangena Darwin. Biography, balitadishisise mlando yesayensi, kuqinisekisa lesi sitatimende.

Ubaba Charles sasimelene uhambo, bakubheka njengobuthakathaka Saze sadlala ngesikhathi. Kuphela zilethwa ukungenela kuyisekazi uJosiya Wedgwood II, Robert Darwin badela futhi wanikeza sokuvalelisa nibusisa indodana yakhe.

Ukuze uhambo lweminyaka emihlanu ezingaphezu kuka iqembu wahambela Peru, Argentina, eChile, Brazil, e-Europe, e-Australia, e-Afrika.

On iziQhingi zaseGalapagos wamazwe mockingbirds ikakhulukazi nesithakazelo, okuyizinto athé ukwehluka kulawo ezitholakala England. izimfudu wafunda, zinhlobo yayo ayifani ngisho eziqhingini ezingomakhelwane.

Usosayensi ngesithakazelo watadisha wendawo endaweni, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Umphumela bomkhankaso baba iqoqo elikhulu amatshe, amaminerali, amakhambi, izilwane eyayigcwele izinyoni. Baye ezenziwe echaza ukubukeka kanye anatomy of ezingenamgogodla eziningi.

Zonke kokuma alotshwa idayari, lapho uCharles wathembela lapho ebhalela amaphepha ucwaningo engamashumi amabili ezayo. Izifundo zishicilelwe ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi "Kwekuheha emhlabeni wonke ababegibele" Beagle ". Usosayensi lithole udumo emhlabeni wonke imvelo yesayensi, kanye nabantu abavamile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Charles kwakhiwa ubizo nokuphila kwethu kube nenjongo - Darwin engayitholanga ukuphila ngaphandle isayensi.

kwezesayensi

Uhambo oneminyaka emihlanu Darwin wakhuliswa njengomSulumane usosayensi othile. Biography ubika ukuthi ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo, Charles kuhanjiswe ku Cambridge. Kodwa ngokushesha wathuthela eLondon, lapho engena umphakathi ososayensi, okuyinto ikakhulu osebenzelana kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo.

Le nkathi kwaba ukuphila eneziyaluyalu Charles, umsebenzi elikhiqizayo - zalotshwa imisebenzi eyisisekelo, kwenziwe amahora amaningi eshubile. Ngokuba ukuthanda nokuphishekela ngonya ubufakazi imicabango nemibono umcwaningi ukhethe unobhala eyinhloko umphakathi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba.

Ukuqalekela ushintsho

Ukuhlala edolobheni elikhulu, ingcindezi phezu nososayensi. Umzimba mubi kakhulu ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi izifo ehlasela.

Ngo-1839 washada no-Emma Vedzhvud futhi kakade 1842 iyiswe izindlu atholwe "Dawn."

Ngemva kwalokho, umfazi uzozala lo Darwin izingane eziyishumi.

Kude befuna komuzi, Charles ungase azinikele ezokuzilibazisa - ogibele, ngokudoba, ukuzingela nemvelo ukubukela,

ifa okuqinile futhi engenayo esuka izincwadi ezibhaliwe avumele ukuba shí ezintweni ozithandayo.

Ngo-1842, it lalotshwa kaDarwin umsebenzi "Zoology ehamba" Beagle ".

Revolutionary ngesikhathi incwadi ethi "The Origin of Species Ngokuhlakanipha of Natural Selection," esanyatheliswa ngo-1859.

Amaphuzu aphikisa umbhali ukuthi awavumelani nokubekelwa umbono esamukelekile emphakathini, lwaqiniswa emibhalweni eBhayibhelini mayelana nendlela umhlaba wadalwa. IziNyathelo wachaza ngokuningiliziwe kungani kufanele sicabangele ukuthi kungenzeka ezigidi kweminyaka yentuthuko esizimele nemvelo - izitshalo, izilwane, abantu. Ngemva kwalokho, imfundiso yokuziphendukela yethiwa isihloli - ". KaDarwin"

Umqondo sasekelwa etholwe ngokucophelela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi eside kokuma material. "Imfundiso kaDarwin" kwaduma kakhulu, naphezu nehlazo, waletha usosayensi ezinhle inzuzo.

imisebenzi ephakeme kanye namasevisi

Ngo-1862 wakhipha umqulu incwadi "impova orchid" ke - "scrambles izitshalo" futhi "izitshalo ezidla".

Ngo-1868 - phambili "The Origin of Species ..." - ". Guqula sezilwane ezifuyiwe izitshalo kutshalwa"

Ngo-1871, izwe wabona incwadi ethi "The Descent of Man kanye nokukhetha ngokocansi".

Futhi ngo-1872 - "Isengezo we Imizwelo e Indoda Izilwane," lapho ososayensi sokuhlola umsuka indoda gogo nezinkawu.

Yiqiniso, abazange ithandwa kangaka, kodwa ngeke avumele ososayensi bathole izindondo eziningi ophambili phakathi kwabo - Kopleevskaya indondo yegolide ezivela emphakathini Royal.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, waba i-Doctor zokuhlonipha wezeSayensi Breslau, Bonn, Leiden University, kanye ilungu ohambelana we Petersburg Academy.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia akusho ukukhononda ngemisebenzi usosayensi futhi bazama kanzima ukungcolisa kuye. On ukuzivikela ngamiswa abameleli abaningi nezazi. U-Aleksey Konstantinovich UTolstoy ngenkuthalo bavikela ngalokho akukholelwayo usosayensi othile. Biography kuqinisekisa lezi idatha.

inkumbulo

I usosayensi odumile ushiye emhlabeni wethu nesishiyagalolunye Apreli 1882 eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nantathu.

Naphezu udumo emhlabeni wonke, yesizukulwane uyomkhumbula esinjengesomuntu abantu abathobekile, friendly, ukucabangela. Darwin, ogama biography sifundwa kuwo wonke amanyuvesi yesimanje futhi ungcwatshwa Westminster Abbey, eduze Isaaka Nyutona.

isiphetho

Charlz Darvin baba phakathi ososayensi abaqavile kakhulu waso sonke isikhathi. Umsebenzi wakhe, okufakazela umsuka izinto eziphilayo zisuka kukhokho oyedwa kuyisisekelo yesimanje zamagama kwemvelo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, futhi zofuzo.

Umqondisi Jon Amiel yathathwa a okukhuluma iDemo Darwin - ifilimu ngo-2009, "The Origin of Species."

Waqaphela njengoba omunye AbaseBrithani evelele kunazo zonke.