Kuyini ukuhwamuka? Indlela yinqubo ukuhwamuka?

Izwe elisizungezile - i umzimba oxhumene, lapho zonke izinqubo kanye izenzakalo of Animate nemvelo ezingaphili azenzeki kanjalo nje. Ososayensi wafakazela ukuthi ngisho Ukungenela komuntu ezincane kukhona izinguquko ezinkulu. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, abantu ukhohlwe ukuthi, futhi, kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezwe. Mayelana lolu shintsho ezenzeka esintwini sisonke.

Zonke izinqubo zokuphila kanye nezimo zemvelo uqale ukufundisa izingane kakade esikoleni, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kute sitewukwati kuvisisa kwabo kwenzekani emhlabeni. Njengoba wazi, isihloko "ukuhwamuka" (Libanga 8) efundwayo kohlaka esikoleni secondary, lapho abafundi alungele ukuba uzindle izinkinga.

Njengoba ukuhwamuka kwenzeka

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukuhwamuka ezinjalo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kuyinto ngokuningiliziwe ukuguquka kwabantu izinto ezahlukene isimo ukungaguquguquki umusi noma igesi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi inqubo okwenzeka ezingeni lokushisa efanelekayo.

Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinto eziningi (kokubili okuqinile kanye nama-liquid) neze shabalala noma ukwenza kanjalo kancane kakhulu. Kodwa zikhona izibonelo, isibonelo, camphor kanye uketshezi kakhulu vaporize ngesikhathi evamile ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho, babizwa ngokuthi oluyingozi. Le nqubo ingathatha kuqashelwe nge iphunga, t. K. Abaningi umzimba anobuthi.

I ukuhwamuka okusamanzi (amanzi, utshwala) kungenziwa kulandelwe embuka isikhathi esithile. Khona-ke iqala wokwehla ivolumu yento engesimumathini.

Ngesisekelo ukuphila Emhlabeni

- It is ukuthi amanzi eyaziwa iyingxenye ebalulekile ukuba khona emhlabeni. Ngaphandle-ke ukuba kungenzeki cha, t. Ukuze. Zonke izinto eziphilayo akhiwe 75% amanzi.

Le ngxube ethile, ogama izakhiwo ahamba. Futhi kuphela sibonga anomalies zalesi simo kungenzeka ukuthi uphile ngendlela ukuze manje kukhona emhlabeni.

Isintu wayenesithakazelo lesi simangaliso kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. sefilosofi Okuningi Aristotle ku IV ekhulwini BC, wamemezela ukuthi amanzi - ke kungukuqala konke. Ngo imishini Dutch XVII ekhulwini-physics, isayensi yezibalo kanye nokusebenzisa sezinkanyezi umsunguli Kunconywa ukufaka Huygens okuza amanzi ice incibilikiswa abilayo njengoba amazinga thermometer isikali main. Kodwa uyini ukuhwamuka lwesintu yafunda kamuva kakhulu. Ngo 1783, usosayensi French kanye umsunguli wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali yesimanje Lavoisier yakhiqizwa ifomula - H2O.

izakhiwo amanzi

Enye yezimfanelo emangalisayo kwale nto - ikhono H2O akhona ezifundeni ezintathu ezahlukene ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile:

• e okuqinile (ice);
• flowable;
• gaseous (uketshezi ukuhwamuka).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuminyana yamanzi kuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto, kanye nokushisa vaporization nokushisa ezinkulu esicashile Fusion (inani ukushisa okubanjwa noma kudedelwa).

Ngezinye H2O kukhona eyodwa izinga - ikhono ziyahlukahluka izinguquko zalo kwabantu kusukela izinkomba izinga lokushisa. Futhi into yesiteleka kakhulu ukuthi uma lokhu Kwakungeyona imali, iqhwa wayengakwazi ukubhukuda, nolwandle, izilwandle, imifula kanye namachibi ukumisa zonke kuze kufike phansi. UNkulunkulu wabe esedlulisela ukuphila emhlabeni lalingekho, ngoba owokuqala isiphephelo amachibi nezilwanyana ezincane.

H2O umjikelezo ngokwemvelo

kuyinto le nqubo kanjani? I ukuzungeza yinqubo eqhubekayo, isb. A. Ezweni, konke kuhlobene. Ngosizo umjikelezo, izimo zaba khona kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphila. Kwenzeka phakathi machibi, umhlaba kanye nomkhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amafu zishayisane emoyeni abandayo kokuba amaconsi amakhulu, kamuva awela yakha inhlabathi. Khona-ke inqubo ukuhwamuka lapho ilanga heats indiza phansi, amadamu, kanye ketshezi evuka emkhathini.

Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo uthatha umswakama enhlabathini bese amanzi ujikeleziswe ebusweni amaqabunga. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi transpiration futhi kuyinqubo ngokomzimba nezinto eziphilayo.

Umkhathi, ayegcwele umusi kanye etholakala eduze phansi, bese wenza lighter ngaphezulu isiqala ukuhambisa upwardly. Tiny amaconsi amanzi emkhathini ziyancipha cishe zonke izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili noma eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Ukuhwamuka kwenzeka ngenxa umjikelezo, futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile e H2O kwegazi Nature. Le nqubo ukuguqula amanzi besesimweni okuluketshezi noma okuqinile ibe igesi futhi umusi yokuvuma amehlo ezingafinyeleleki emoyeni.

Ukuhwamuka futhi ukuhwamuka

Futhi yeka umehluko lwati lwa "simo esishubile" futhi "ukuhwamuka"? Okokuqala, cabanga ngelithi ethemini yekucala. Lena inkomba izindawo sezulu, ebheka ukuthi uketshezi kakhulu ayahwamuka ebusweni kuya esiphezulu. Njengoba sazi ukuthi izindawo olumanzi efana G. N. Vysotsky amanothi siqukethe kwezulu isilinganiso Ngaphandle kwalesi simo esishubile, kuba inkomba ayisihluthulelo sezulu.

Kukhona kwencika ezithile: uma simo esishubile kancane, olumanzi eside. Inqubo echazwe lapha kusekelwe emoyeni nomswakama, isivinini somoya kanye kuncike kuzo.

Kuyini ukuhwamuka? Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, okuyinto eyenzeka ngesikhathi ukuguqulwa kwezinto ketshezi lwesigaba ikakhulukazi ku umusi noma igesi. Umthelela Ngemuva kwale nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukufingqa. Uma siqhathanisa lezi zenzakalo ezimbili, kuchazwa kalula njengoba etholakalayo ukuhwamuka kwamanzi noma ice imithombo.

inqubo ukuhwamuka: nemibandela

Emoyeni, kukhona njalo ethile H2O molecule. Lokhu kulinganisela iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izimo ezithile futhi ubizwa ngokuthi nomswakama. Lesi isilinganiso, elinganisa inani umhwamuko emkhathini. Kuye lokhu, ezindaweni ezahlukene sezulu. Umswakama emhlabeni nasesibhakabhakeni. Kukhona futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo ke:

1. Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke - isibalo amangqamuzana awuketshezi kwelinye imitha cubic air.
2. Isihlobo - iphesenti umusi emoyeni. Ngokwesibonelo, uma nomswakama 100%, okusho ukuthi umkhathi ugcwele ngokuphelele izinhlayiya amanzi.

Ayanda lokushisa ukuhwamuka, ayanda molecule H2O eziqukethwe emoyeni. Ngakho, uma umswakama nesihlobo ngesikhathi sokushisa kosuku kuyoba 90%, bese lokhu kuyinto inkomba ukuthi umkhathi ugcwele amaconsi emihle kakhulu.

ikakhulukazi

Ngokwesibonelo, egumbini lapho umswakama high, amanzi ukuma kuyo, ngeke shabalala nhlobo. Nakuba, uma emoyeni esomile, umusi ukugcwaliswa inqubo kuyoba okuqhubekayo nje ekugcineni sigcwele. Uma indlu okungazelelwe amanzi emoyeni umusi, okwakubekelwa ayegcwele ngaphambi kokuthi volatilize ngaphandle kokuma futhi ezinza ifomu amazolo. Kodwa endabeni ka-amalahle emoyeni okuyinto ngokwanele wetted, inqubo ukugcwaliswa iyaqala.

Ayanda t °, le ukuhwamuka kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi kwandisa okuthiwa umusi ingcindezi zazo isikhala ligcwele. Ukubila kwenzeka ngaphansi isimo lapho ingcindezi umusi uyalingana kuyaqina igesi ozungezayo ketshezi. I abilayo iyahlukahluka kuye ukucindezela igesi emhlabeni futhi siba sikhulu kunesijeziso lapho liphuma khona.

How fast iyona ukuhwamuka

Njengoba yaziwa, amanzi enqubeni umusi ukuguqulwa kuhlobene ukuba khona uketshezi. Ngenxa yalokho, singaba fingqa ukuthi lesi simo ibaluleke kakhulu imvelo kanye nezimboni.

Ngo inqubo cwaningo kanye nokucwaninga ukuhwamuka izinga etholakele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqaphela ezinye izenzakalo ohambisana nalo. Kodwa bheka ephikisana kakhulu ukuba izikhathi wamanje kanye namanje akucaci kuyinto yimvelo yabo.

Qaphela ukuthi izinga ukuhwamuka kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. It kungathinta:

• isayizi shape container;
• sezulu kwemvelo;
• t ° uketshezi;
• umfutho womoya;
• ukwakheka kanye umsuka isakhiwo amanzi;
• uhlobo ebusweni kuyiphi ukuhwamuka senzeka;
• Ezinye nezinye izizathu, ezifana kukagesi ketshezi.

Nakulokhu futhi phezu kwamanzi

Ukuhwamuka Kwenziwa kusuka kuphi lapho kukhona uketshezi: amachibi, amachibi izinto ezimanzi, ihlanganisa imizimba yabantu nezilwane, amaqabunga neziqu zezitshalo.

Ngokwesibonelo, sunflower ngesikhathi besaphila emfushane inika umswakama emoyeni ngesilinganiso 100 amalitha. Futhi izilwandle kuyiplanethi yethu ezikhishwe cubic metres mayelana 450.000 okusamanzi ngonyaka.

Amanzi ukuhwamuka lokushisa kungaba noma ikuphi. Kodwa uma uthola ukufudumala, uketshezi Inqubo yokudlulisa yanda. Phawula ukuthi ngesikhathi ukushisa kwehlobo amaxhaphozi phezu seyomile ngokushesha okuningi kunalokho entwasahlobo noma ukuwa. Futhi uma mgwaqo kunomoya-ke, ngokulandelana, ukuhwamuka ukuqhutshwa more uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela kuka ezimweni lapho emoyeni sibuyela kwesijwayelekile. Le mpahla futhi babe iqhwa. Uma hang izingubo ukuze yome ngaphandle ebusika, ke kuyokwenza iqhwa lokuqala, bese izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze ome.

Amanzi ukuhwamuka lokushisa 100 ° C factor okukhulu kakhulu, lapho inqubo okuthiwa ephumelelisa imiphumela engcono. Ngalesi sikhathi, abilayo kwenzeka uma ketshezi uphendulela ngokujulile ngababili - esobala, igesi ongabonakali.

Uma sibheka ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu ke liqukethe molecule elilodwa H2O, okuyinto zitholakala ngandawonye. Kodwa lapho umoya selehlile, umhwamuko iyabonakala, isibonelo njengoba inkungu noma amazolo. Esimweni, le nqubo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni phakathi kwamafu evelayo ngenxa ukuguquka amanzi kule ebonakalayo ice zinhlayiya.

ubunjalo Izibalo

Ngakho, liyini ukuhwamuka, sithole aphume. Manje siphawula lokuthi buhlobene eduze ukuze lokushisa emoyeni. Ngenxa yalokho, phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-inani eliphakeme kakhulu imitha cubic yamanzi is kuguquka umusi cishe emini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo bukhulu kakhulu nezinyanga zasehlobo ezifudumele. Eziqine engu-on-ukuhwamuka umjikelezo siyenzeka phakathi ehlobo, lapho umpofu eya ebusika.

Umuntu ngamunye unesibopho imvelo. Ukuze uqonde lokhu ukwahlulela, kubalulekile ukuqonda izibalo ezilula. Cabanga ngalokho umuntu elikushoyo singenamandla abo maqondana nokuvimbela izinhlekelele zemvelo futhi ukholelwa ukuthi akukho lutho esingalwenza. Kodwa uma wande ezinye awakuthinti olulodwa komuntu bhiliyoni 6.5. Abantu emhlabathini, kuba sobala, kungani le ndlela yokucabanga.