David Hilbert: ukuphila sezibalo esikhulu

David Hilbert - isazi sezibalo wodumo nomfundisi isigaba eliphakeme, engazi ukuhlupheka, sokuphikelela izinhloso zakhe, idolo futhi ophanayo, omunye komkhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. amandla Creative, okwakhe ehlukile yokucabanga, i nokuqondisisa emangalisayo nokwehluka izithakazelo Benza uDavide waba owathola emikhakheni kakhulu wesayensi ngqo.

Gilbert kuDavide: Biography emfushane

UDavide wazalelwa e Vela, etholakala eduze eKönigsberg (Prussia). Wazalelwa ngo-January 23, 1862, yena waba izibulo kusukela imibhangqwana - Otto noMariya. Gilbert kwakungelona prodigy ingane; yanjalo obeka umgomo ukuhlola ngokugcwele zonke endaweni wezibalo, axazulula inkinga kuye anentshisekelo. Nge kwaqedwa ngiyibona zokudala wafunda emkhakheni isinyathelo, uDavide washiya abafundi bakhe. Inyumbazana ngendlela ngokuphelele, ukubafundisa ukwenza izinto ngendlela efanele futhi ishicilelwe nice abalandeli okokufundisa. Gilbert ungaqhubeka ngenye indlela: ngishumayele unyaka omusha esikoleni, inkambo okhethekile ku hhayi ngazifunda kwi-mathematics ne walinqoba nabafundi faka. Ukuze uthole kule Yiqiniso kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso nempumelelo enkulu, nakuba empeleni ukuqeqeshwa ku kuyinselele enkulu.

Gilbert nabafundi bakhe

David Hilbert, ogama biography Kuyathakazelisa isizukulwane samanje, Wayecabangela futhi ethobekile abafundi nomuzwa wokuthi ezingaba khona. Uma inhlansi luqede, usosayensi ngenhlonipho belulekwa ukuba uzame ngokwami e ehlukile umsebenzi. Abanye abafundi Hilbert wasilalela iseluleko likathisha kanye aba onjiniyela, izazi zesayensi ngisho abalobi. Uprofesa abazange baqonde bengavilaphi futhi kubhekwe kubo abantu bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi. Njengoba ehlonishwa kakhulu isayensi, uDavid wayenomgomo ohlukile izici zayo siqu. Ngo sezulu esifudumele, wafika abathethise endaweni Ihembe imikhono esifushane futhi elalifakwa evulekile, okungasekelwe buyafaneleka uprofesa, noma wathwala izimbali ezinephunga elimnandi izinkanuko eziningi. Wayengase ukuza ngesithuthuthu, njengokungathi abanye umuntu isipho esinjalo, thatha esitsheni zikamanyolo. Nokho, naphezu ngokwenama akhe, uDavide Hilbert kwaba umuntu kuhle ezinzima futhi iluhlaza angase agxeke labo awafani izindinganiso zakhe (kanzima kakhulu ekufezeni, lingasuswa wenza lapho kulula noma ukuchaza sasivumela esisobala wesikole ezingeni).

I izifundo lokuqala Hilbert

Amandla aso umthwalo wesayensi uDavide Hilbert, Biography emfushane kuchazwa kulesi sihloko, namanje wazizwa Koenigsberg, lapho umsebenzi wezibalo ukufundwa kancane. Ngakho-ke, zakhetha Gottingen ethule - indawo iqoqo zezibalo isiJalimane, Hilbert e 1895 khona ngasebenza ngempumelelo kuze 1933 - kusukela eza amandla kwe-Adolf Hitler.

ezinkulumo zakhe Gilbert ukufunda kancane, kungekho frills, nge ezinikezwa njalo ukuze baqonde konke. Futhi, uDavide ngaso sonke isikhathi kusho impahla odlule. izinkulumo Hilbert sika njalo eqoqwe eziningi abantu: ehholo ungase nabitsya abangamakhulu amaningana abantu babekwa ngisho windowsills.

UDavide waqala ukutadisha algebra, ukuba ngqo - ne ushintsho imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinombolo. Umbiko ngale ndaba kwaba ngesisekelo ebhukwinitifundvo yakhe.

Hilbert umndeni

Lucky ubungane, uDavide wayesezothatha esibi emndenini. Enomkakhe Kathe bona sasizwana kakhulu, kodwa kuzalwa indodana yabo kuphela Moron. Ngakho-ke, Gilbert atholakala kundawo e ukuxhumana abafundi abaningi - abamele amazwe aseYurophu futhi American. Zezibalo wayevame ukuhlela izintaba futhi wahlela ilunga itiye party, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho agumenti ngezihloko zezibalo ngokushelela ku izingxoxo abavamile ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene. osolwazi Prim German ungayazi le isitayela zokuxhumana; kuba igunya Davida Gilberta wakwenza kuyinsakavukela khona, okuyinto ukusakaza wonke abafundi emhlabeni wezibalo.

Ngokushesha izibalo izithakazelo algebraic ngalapho geometry, okungukuthi, esikhaleni elingapheli. Amaphuzu umkhawulo wokulandelana, igebe phakathi kwabo futhi igebe eliphakathi zithwala ezikhonjwe Hilbert isikhala - ukufana Euclidean.

Mayelana ekubuyiseleni oda sciences ngqo

Eminyakeni 1898-1899 uDavide Hilbert wanyathelisa incwadi ku izisekelo geometry, ngokushesha waba ethengwa kakhulu. Kuyo wanikeza uhlelo oluphelele axioms ka-geometry Euclidean, uzihlele ngamaqembu, ezama ukuchaza imikhawulo ngamunye wabo.

Le mpumelelo kuye kwaholela Hilbert ukuba umqondo wokuthi ungasebenzisa uhlelo okucacile axioms kubalulekile nezincazelo ngamunye emkhakheni zezibalo. Njengoba isibonelo ayisihluthulelo sezibalo ukhethe jikelele imfundiso yokuziphendukela lishona, futhi kuwo - phezu edumile Cantor sika continuum hypothesis. David Hilbert kwaba yakwazi ukuveza ubufakazi bokuthi okungenabufakazi lo mbono. Nokho, ngo-1931 i-abasha Austrian Kurt Gödel kwafakazelani ukuthi postulates efana umbono continuum, okwakubekelwa ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ephoqelelwe Hilbert axioms yesethi theory, kukhona kunoma iyiphi simiso axioms. Lokhu mazwi abonisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa isayensi akusho yima unganyakazi futhi akasoze ayeka, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye kuyodingeka benze axioms entsha nezincazelo - into ngokugcwele bazivumelanisa ubuchopho bomuntu. Gilbert wayazi lokhu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe, ngakho wajabula ngobuqotho ukutholwa ngokumangalisayo Godel.

"Izinkinga Mathematical" Hilbert

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-38 ubudala ngaleso iCongress of zezibalo eParis, baletha ndawonye ukhilimu yesayensi ye isikhathi, Gilbert inkulumo ethi "Izinkinga Mathematical", okuyinto, njengoba lodaba ahlinzekwa izihloko 23 ezibalulekile. Ezimqoka wezibalo ngaleso sikhathi, Hilbert babhekwa ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wesayensi (isethi theory, i-geometry algebraic, ukuhlaziywa obusebenzayo, logic nezibalo, inombolo theory), ngalinye elikwazi waqokomisa imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 noma ukuxazululwa noma wathola ubufakazi bayo undecidability.

Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu zezibalo

Ngolunye usuku abafundi abasha bacelwe Gilbert umbuzo yini umsebenzi, ngokombono wakhe, kuyinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke izibalo, futhi wathola impendulo isazi ukuguga: "Catch impukane ohlangothini emuva of the Moon" ngu Hubert wathi, lokhu akuyona inkinga ethile ethakazelisa ngokukhethekile, kodwa lokho amathemba ongayiqala ngesinqumo yayo! Indlela obungenza kakhulu ngalo ezibaluleke nokwasungulwa amathekhiniki enamandla!

amazwi Zulu Hilbert waqinisekiswa ukuphila: kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ukusungulwa amakhompyutha kwaba ekubaleni osheshayo we-hydrogen. Okutholakele ezifana ukufika komuntu wokuqala enyangeni, isimo sezulu yonke le mbulunga, yethule Sputnik kwaba sasikhungo leyavela izixazululo. Ngeshwa, Gilbert sathola ithuba ukuba ube ufakazi imicimbi enjalo ephawulekayo.

Esekhulile, uProfesa lokubona wabukela wokugoqa lesikole wezibalo e Gottingen, senzeka ngesikhathi kubusa amaNazi. Abafile uDavide Hilbert, sezibalo, kwenziwa umnikelo omkhulu isayensi, Februwari 14, 1943 emiphumeleni nokuphola kwengalo ephukile. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa yayisemzimbeni baxhashazwe wezibalo.