Imininingwane ngokwemvelo ezingaphili: izibonelo

Ingabe ikhona imininingwane imvelo ezingaphili, uma kungekhona ukuba acabangele izindlela ezihlukahlukene, adalwe indoda? Impendulo yalo mbuzo incike definition umqondo. Okwakushiwo "Imininingwane" ngokuhamba umlando wesintu uye kulekelelwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuzimisela ukuthonya ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga yesayensi, nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesipiliyoni anqwabelene leminyaka. Ulwazi emhlabeni ezingaphili kungenzeka uma sicabangela lokhu mkhuba ngokuya amagama ezivamile.

Omunye khetho definition

Imininingwane ngomqondo ewumngcingo - isigijimi luthunyelwe ngesimo isignali kumuntu nomuntu, umuntu-kuya-umshini noma umshini kumshini, kanye nezitshalo nezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo kuye ngomuntu. Nale ndlela, khona kungenzeka kuphela endle noma izinhlelo zenhlalakahle kanye lobuchwepheshe. Lezi zibonelo kuhlanganise zihlanganisa ukwaziswa okunjengalokhu kunoma iyiphi imvelo ezingaphili ngokwesayensi yemivubukulo njengoba kule migede imidwebo, izibhebhe zobumba nokunye. Imininingwane Abezindaba kuleli cala - isihloko is hhayi ngokucacile ezihlobene ophilayo ndaba noma amasu, kodwa ngaphandle kosizo idatha efanayo ngabanye ngeke aye alotshwa futhi agcinwe.

indlela subjective

Kukhona enye indlela ukucacisa: Ulwazi kuyinto subjective endalweni bese kwenzeka kuphela ingqondo yomuntu, lapho enikela ezungezile izinto, imicimbi, nokunye lapho kukhulunywa ngento ethile. Lo mbono imiphumela ezithakazelisayo okunengqondo. Ngakho, uma abekho abantu - akukho ulwazi, idatha kanye nemiyalezo yikuphi, kufaka phakathi ulahlekile ulwazi kanye emvelweni ezingaphili. Imininingwane kule samuntu, ukunqunywa iba isayensi subjective, kodwa hhayi emhlabeni wangempela. Kodwa ake uhlole shí lesi sihloko.

Inchazelo jikelele

Ngo ifilosofi Imininingwane kuchazwa njengendlela ifomu okungezona izinto ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Kuyinto esivela kunoma iyiphi into, ngoba linencazelo ethile. Budebuduze le amahlamvu definition nokuqonda ngokomzimba kwethemu.

Omunye imiqondo esemqoka esithombeni yesayensi zomhlaba - amandla. It benana zonke izinto ezibonakalayo, futhi njalo. Ukushintsha isimo yokuqala omunye wabo kubangela ushintsho kwenye. I-physics yale nqubo zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu isignali yokudlulisela. Isignali is, eqinisweni, umyalezo ofanayo ethunyelwe zendaba futhi bathole ezinye izinto. Lona ulwazi. Ngokusho definition esinjalo, impendulo yombuzo othi ekuqaleni isihloko nangokunembile omuhle. Imininingwane ngokwemvelo ezingaphili - ezihlukahlukene amasignali ngobulili kusukela into eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Eyesibili umthetho wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto

Isikhathi esifitjhani begodu eqondile definition: ulwazi - yisikali sokuthi uhlelo ukuhleleka kuka. Lapha kuyazuzisa ekhumbula omunye imithetho eyisisekelo physics. Ngokusho umthetho wesibili wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka, ivaliwe izinhlelo (yilezo musa uxhumana nganoma iyiphi indlela imvelo) njalo uqhubeke kusukela isimo beyalwa ukuba kunezinxushunxushu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola umcabango: Engeza nengxenye eyodwa avaliwe esitsheni igesi. Ngemva kwesikhathi, wa- uyogcwalisa ivolumu enikeziwe, okungukuthi, siyeke ukuba yayala kuze kube sezingeni lokuba kwaba. Kulokhu, ulwazi ohlelweni kuyehla, kusukela kuba isilinganiso esithile sokuhleleka.

Ulwazi Entropy

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuqonda wanamuhla yonke akuyona irherho le-closed. It libhekene izinqubo obulukhuni isakhiwo ephelezelwa ukuhleleka kuka yanda, futhi ngenxa yalokho inani Imininingwane. Ngokwe-theory Big Bang bekulokhu njengoba kusaqhuba yonke. Okokuqala uvele izinhlayiya aphansi, bese elikhulu kwakwakhe-molecule. Kamuva baqala ukwakha izinkanyezi. Zonke lezi zinqubo zinezikhathi ukuhleleka kwebhodi timphawu tesakhiwo.

Ngalezi ezicashile ehlobene eduze ekubikezeleni ikusasa yonke. Ngokusho umthetho wesibili wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka, ulindele ukufa ukushisa ngenxa yokwanda entropy, ukubaluleka ulwazi okuphambene. It kungachazwa njengendlela elithile ukugula ngengqondo uhlelo. Umthetho wesibili wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka uthi entropy irherho le-closed njalo kwandisa. Nokho, ulwazi wamanje akakwazi nimphendule ngqo umbuzo kusebenza kanjani indawo yonke.

Izici izinqubo ulwazi imvelo ezingaphili e irherho le-closed

Zonke izibonelo ulwazi imvelo ezingaphili babe izici ezivamile. Kuyinqubo owodwa esigabeni, ukuntuleka imigomo, inani ukulahlekelwa kumthombo nge ukwanda umamukeli. Cabanga izakhiwo okukhulunywa ngokuningiliziwe.

Imininingwane ngokwemvelo ezingaphili yisikali sokuthi amandla enkululeko. Ngamanye amazwi, ichaza ikhono sohlelo ukwenza umsebenzi. Esikhathini engekho amandla zangaphandle njalo uma kwenziwa zamakhemikhali, kagesi, mechanical, noma ezinye ukusebenza kuyinto ukulahlekelwa engelapheki eneji mahhala, futhi kanye nalo, kanye nolwazi.

Izici izinqubo ulwazi imvelo ezingaphili kulesi simiso esingenabulungisa evulekile

Ngaphansi kwethonya zangaphandle ezinye isistimu ingakwazi ukuthola ulwazi noma ingxenye yayo, walahlekelwa kwenye ohlelweni. Kulokhu, owokuqala kuyoba ubungako bamandla khulula, ngokwanele ukwenza umsebenzi. Isibonelo esihle - okuthiwa magnetization materials ferromagnetic (izinto abazokwazi uzibuthe ngokungabi bikho inkambu zangaphandle kazibuthe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile). Azuza izakhiwo ezifanayo ngenxa sokuboniswa umbani, noma kwabanye odonsa. Magnetisation ke iba inkulumo ngokomzimba kohlelo nokuzuza, ethile ulwazi. Sebenza Kulesi sibonelo, izonikeza kazibuthe. izinqubo Imininingwane kuleli cala, owodwa esigabeni futhi injongo. Impahla wesibili kakhulu ihlukanisa kubo kusukela izenzakalo ezifanayo ngokwemvelo. izingcezu ngamunye, isibonelo, inqubo magnetization akuyona waphishekela imigomo yomhlaba wonke. Endabeni ophilayo ndaba, umgomo onjalo - a zamagama imikhiqizo kwamakhemikhali, ukudluliselwa impahla zenani elikhulu eziyifa kanye nokunye.

Umthetho Nongrowth Imininingwane

Esinye isici yokudlulisa ulwazi endalweni ezingaphili ukuthi ukwanda kolwazi in the umamukeli luhlale lugcwele luphele emthonjeni. Lokho, kulesi simiso ngaphandle kwethonya sangaphandle Imininingwane neze kwandisa. Leli lungiselelo is phetho umthetho entropy non-ngincipha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izazi cabanga ulwazi kanye entropy njengoba imiqondo ezifanayo uphawu obuhlukile. Eyokuqala yisikali sokuthi uhlelo lokulandelana, kanti eyesibili - randomness. Kule umbono, ulwazi entropy ezimbi. Nokho, umbono onjalo kwabelwana ngayo akubona bonke abacwaningi unenkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele ukuhlukanisa phakathi entropy thermodynamic nolwazi. Bayingxenye ahlukahlukene ulwazi lwesayensi (physics kanye nokwaziswa ithiyori, ngokulandelana).

Imininingwane e microcosm

Ukutadisha ngesihloko esithi "Ulwazi ngokwemvelo ezingaphili" ikilasi 8 esikoleni. Abafundi ngalesi iphuzu lingacaci yize kunjalo ujwayelene theory quantum physics. Nokho, bayazi ukuthi izinto ezibonakalayo zingahlukaniswa zibe macro- kanye micro-jikelele. Lesi sakamuva kuyindaba ezingeni enjalo lapho kukhona ama-electron, ama-proton, neutron nama nezinye izinhlayiya. Lapha, imithetho classical physics ngokuvamile ayisebenzi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ulwazi ekhona sekuba yinto enkulu.

Ngeke lokumba quantum theory, kodwa waphawula amaphuzu amaningana kuyakufanelekela. Encwadini entropy microcosm njengoba enjalo ayikho. Nokho, kuleli zinga, ukuxhumana izinhlayiya zenzeka khulula amandla ukulahlekelwa, umuntu okuyinto edingekayo ukuze afeze umsebenzi yiluphi uhlelo nesilinganiso okuyinto ulwazi. Uma amandla khulula incipha, kunciphe ulwazi. Okungukuthi, emthethweni microcosm Nongrowth lwazi yaphawula.

Animate nemvelo ezingaphili

Noma yimuphi izibonelo ulwazi imvelo wezinto ezingaphili, informatics bafundelwa ebangeni lesithupha futhi engasasebenzi ubuciko, ukungabi angumfelandawonye kuzinjongo ulwazi olulondolozwe, kusetshenzwe futhi adluliselwa. Ukuze ophilayo ndaba lihlukile. Kukhona iwumgomo oyinhloko kanye Lesisemkhatsini Endabeni eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokho, yonke inqubo eyamukelayo, ukucubungula, ukudluliswa kanye storage of ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze ukudluliselwa inzalo impahla sitholwa njengefa. Izinjongo Intermediate kukhona ukuze ngiwusindise usebenzisa ezihlukahlukene izimpendulo kwamakhemikhali nesimilo, okuhlanganisa, isibonelo, ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha homeostasis ukuthambekela ukuziphatha.

Izibonelo zolwazi imvelo wezinto e uthi ukuntuleka izakhiwo ezinjalo. Homeostasis, ngasendleleni, zokudambisa imiphumela yomthetho non okwandisa ulwazi ukuthi kuholela ekubhujisweni into. Ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona ngezinhloso ezichazwe - omunye umehluko omkhulu phakathi Animate nemvelo ezingaphili.

Ngakho, singathola izibonelo eziningi ngesihloko esithi "Ulwazi ngokwemvelo ezingaphili": izithombe ezingamaqoqo ezindongeni imigede lasendulo, umsebenzi ikhompyutha, ukukhula amakristalu rock crystal, nokunye. Nokho, uma singadli ku Imininingwane ye-akhawunti ngabanye (imifanekiso ehlukene, njll) kanye nemishini, izinto bemvelo ezingaphili zihluke kakhulu ezakhiweni kolwazi izinqubo ezenzeka kuyo. Namanje baphinde babeke yilezi: Single-esiteji, engelapheki, nokungabi nanjongo, ukulahlekelwa ongenakugwenywa ulwazi umthombo ngesikhathi yokudlulisela kuya umamukeli. Imininingwane ngokwemvelo ezingaphili kuchazwa njengendlela elithile uhlelo oda. Ngo irherho le-closed, ngokungabi bikho ithonya sangaphandle uhlobo umthetho walalela Imininingwane Nongrowth.