Silwanyana - wukuthi ngesimo ukuphila?

Emvelweni kukhona eziphilayo kabani Ubukhulu mancane kakhulu ukuthi ukubona ngeso lenyama akunakwenzeka. Basuke waphawula ososayensi kuphela ngokusebenzisa nangezibonakhulu ukwanda oluqinile (ngokulandelana, avuleka kuphela kokusungulwa lezi amadivaysi).

Lingobani leli qembu?

Silwanyana - igama ngokuhlanganyela. I ejwayelekile kakhulu usayizi bacterium - esingaphansi kuka 0.1 mm. Yingakho igama lalowo-ke. Micro-eziphilayo - kungcono ikakhulukazi nje. Ngokwe-zesayensi yezempilo, kule kweqoqo kukhona coreless futhi (archaea namagciwane) kanye eukaryotes, kanye isikhunta ezithile, ulwelwe. Kodwa hhayi amagciwane, ososayensi ngokuvamile ukuhlukanisa elinye iqembu.

design

Cishe zonke silwanyana - kukhona isakhiwo owumphumela, ngobuqili yasungulwa futhi khuphela nemvelo. Njengomthetho, amagciwane yakhiwa kuseli eyodwa. Kodwa kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga: phakathi kwabo kukhona ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, amelela iqoqo amaseli, ezifana neketanga. By endleleni, kukhona emhlabeni futhi vumelekile eziphilayo zibonakala ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama, kodwa aqukethe kuseli eyodwa.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Ama-bacterium - nezilwanyana ezincane kuyinto linesizotha kakhulu. Abakwazi siphila ezimweni engafanele khona kwabanye ezintweni eziphilayo. Ama-bacterium baphile ezweni olwandle emoyeni, futhi ezindikimbeni ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukuze ama-bacterium kubalulekile olwenzeka endaweni ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo: substrate iqukethe umsoco, umswakama akuzwa kwakwanele ukuba baphile, hhayi elangeni (njengoba lezi zidalwa ezincane besaba ukuchayeka emisebeni ultraviolet ukuthi isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha for magciwane).

Enhlabathini

Yiqiniso, inani elikhulu amagciwane emhlabathini. Esikhathini humus yemvelo izimo cishe ekahle ukuphila unicellular. Lapha ngobuningi ukudla, umswakama ngokulinganisela, futhi akukho elangeni. Uma izimo ezilungele, inhlabathi kungaba axazulule futhi asakaze hhayi omunye zama-nezilwanyana ezincane. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu saprophytes futhi saprophagous - amabhaktheriya abathintekayo kulo kunyatheliswa izinto endalweni, ezibolayo izinsalela abafileyo bezinye eziphilayo ukunikeza izitshalo ukudla. Ukwakheka microflora wehlukile ngempela futhi imelelwa kwezinhlobo eziningi kwamagciwane. Lokhu archaea futhi spirochetes, futhi ulwelwe oluluhlaza. Lapha siphile kanye nesikhunta, nama-virus. anaerobic - It is ukuthi sandstones lemali eyinhloko aerobic kanye loam ezaziwayo. Inani lama-bacterium awusizo emhlabathini, ewaphula wonke amarekhodi. Omunye igremu ka humus (ngokuvumelana indlela staining bacterium, yasungulwa Vinogradskii) kungathola amakhulu ezigidi nezidalwa, engabonakali ngeso lenyama. Ukuze "ubale" yomzimba, bona zipendwe ekhuthaza ekhethekile, bese bona kuyabonakala ngesibonakhulu. A chernozem ocebile Lezi zidalwa bengase bazikhandlele igremu eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngamunye inhlabathi. Empeleni, ama-bacterium ngokwabo ukudala ke, nakancane usaba izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo futhi ekuguquleni izinto.

Amanzi nomoya

Silwanyana - ukudala ephansi yesondlo. Njengoba vele sesiyazi, leli gciwane ukuphila kunoma iyiphi indawo, okuyinto kubonakale kubo ucishe ezikhangayo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi amanzi izikhala (ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukunyakaza asebenzayo amanzi). Lapha amagciwane wanelisa omunye nemingcele main - khona umswakama, ngaphandle okuyinto abakwazi senza iphutha elikhulu. Futhi ukudla emachibini noma emifuleni, ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle ngoba amagciwane amaningi yavama. Ngakho, lapho amandla anele, amagremu ambalwa amanzi kungenzeka izigidi nezilwanyana ezincane. Phakathi kwabo - futhi kakhulu yingozi kubantu.

• Salmonella ekujabulisayo ukutheleleka emathunjini. Lapho kunqotshwa umuntu bangezwa ubuhlungu emathunjini ipheshana, imfiva, nokuhlanza. Ngenxa ukulwa amagciwane ayingozi ngenkuthalo ukusebenzisa imiphumela imisebe ultraviolet futhi ngamathumba eside.
• Shigella - agent causative ukuphathwa isifo sohudo kaningi. Lapho lesion kuyehla ukumelana umzimba ezingeni uwela amasosha omzimba. Izimpawu ezisemqoka: ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, uhudo. Iphinde isetshenziselwe magciwane ukwelashwa ukushisa usebenzisa abilayo isikhathi eside, ukuhlunga.
• ikholera Vibrio. Nakuba kunenkolelo yokuthi namuhla lesi sifo ngokuvamile, wawahlula igciwane namanje yendalo (emanzini, isibonelo, imvelo), futhi usongo izimpilo zabantu. Prevention - abilayo, umshini, oku-ultraviolet.

Futhi, eziningi ama-bacterium emoyeni, kodwa imvelo bajwayele ngokuyinhloko ukuhamba emkhathini, ukuyohlala edlulela emasimini amasha. Nge izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo uthuli umswakama kusuka amagciwane njengoba liyachuma emoyeni, ngezinye izikhathi ekunqobeni amabanga amade iwe ne kwezulu enhlabathini bese kukhona kakade beyokwakha amakoloni zabo.

ulwelwe oluluhlaza

Kusukela ukuhlukahluka micro-eziphilayo emanzini, bungabonakala ulwelwe ikakhulukazi oluluhlaza. By the way, lona lisiza nabizelwa ngokungalungile, iphathelene-bacterium cyanobacteria abizwa ngokuthi manje. Lokhu micro-umzimba - kuba ozalweni le stromatolite, ama-bacterium ukuthi wahlala emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Cyanobacteria - kuphela lwegciwane olukwazi-photosynthesis, okuyinto umphumela kumiswa umoya-mpilo. Bahlanganisa zombala chlorophyll futhi phycocyanin, enika umbala oluhlaza. Lezi bacterium angu esakazwa ngokwemvelo. Indawo yabo - amanzi nezitsha, ugu ingxenye, amatshe eluhlaza, amagxolo, inhlabathi. Bahlanganisa kwezinhlobo eziningi. Kodwa isici esiyinhloko kanye ukubaluleka cyanobacteria ezihlala kuyo yonke indawo - ukukhululwa kwe-oksijini ngu-photosynthesis. Ngakho ngqo, kanye nabanye abameleli flora iqhaza kumiswa emkhathini woMhlaba. Futhi ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokuvumelana izazi zanamuhla, amadlozi alawa magciwane basuke ngokoqobo wadala kancane kancane emkhathini kule planethi yethu.

nezilwanyana ezincane kunemibandela pathogenic

Ngokuyisisekelo amagciwane, okuyinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ungase udale umonakalo, kodwa ezimweni ezivamile "hlangothi." izidalwa ezinjalo bemvelo impela eningi emzimbeni womuntu, bakha flora amagciwane abe nenkani. It enterococci, E. coli, Staphylococcus nesikhunta, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ezingase babe pathogenic, okusho adala izifo. Kodwa emzimbeni lomuntu obuhle ukungatheleleki okuhle ukuthi ngokuvamile akwenzeki.