Bus Liaz 677: izici lobuchwepheshe, umlando kanye nencazelo

Ngaleso sikhathi samanje, bambalwa abantu ukukhumbula ibhasi LIAZ 677, Nokho, uthi "izinkomo" ngokwanele noma "lihamba", njengoba abantu baqale ukuze aqonde futhi akhumbule. Othile uzokhumbula le ibhasi emomotheka kancane kuyindida, umuntu ngeke smile abadelelayo ngaphezulu. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi amagama laba bantu, futhi amabhasi ngokwabo sijabule njengabakhulekeli izingane. Futhi kulula kakhulu ukuchaza. Kulezi imishini, wachitha esengumntwana nangesikhathi intsha yazo zonke ngalabo abazalwa eSoviet Union futhi Russia lanamuhla. Ake sizame ukubheka emakhasini-mlando emlandweni walesi imoto edume wazane wakhe kangcono.

Lezi amabhasi okuthembekile nesingakhangi enkonzweni bamhlohla izikhala ezisemadolobheni iminyaka engu-30 edlule, kodwa bona baye wathola ilungelo yisibonakaliso yizinto zesikhathi esidlule Soviet. Umlando LiAZ 677 - akusiyo nje indaba yokuzalwa imodeli, njengengxenye umlando ngamunye, inkathi okukhulu.

Kwakuyizindaba ZILom futhi baba lyase. umlando imodeli

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo amabhasi edolobheni Zil 158, okuyinto isebenza emizileni kuyo yonke imizi yezwe elikhulu kunawo wonke, wabikezela ukuwa. Umshini ngesikhathi kakade kuhle yisikhathi futhi elidinga ngokuphuthumayo usizo esikhundleni. Umklamo kwaba zakudala futhi abagibeli ibekwe khona impela kancane.

Nokho, le minyaka engamashumi zaziwa ukukhula anamandla futhi okusheshayo ukwakhiwa kwezindlu. Ngakho, nasemizini ke naba ngokwengeziwe futhi amadolobha waqala kudingeka amabhasi ngaphezulu, esizokwenza ukuba baphathe inombolo enkulu abagibeli. Nsuku zonke amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu Kwakudingeka ukuba umsebenzi, futhi iningi izimboni kanye izitshalo zezimboni babe kude okwanele.

Imishini ukuthi zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso ezokuthutha zomphakathi angazamukela kuze kube abangu-60 zonke. Amadolobha usukhulile, futhi ezokuthutha ezinjalo ngeke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. Yingakho lyase basungula amabhasi amasha emikhulu ethwala ukusetshenziswa imizila emadolobheni.

Ngakho, entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka 58th. Edolobheni elincane suburban ka Likino-Dulyovo baqala ukunyathelisa amabhasi. Ukukhiqizwa iyiswe isitshalo. Likhachev. Imboni ematasa kakhulu futhi ukunikeza edingekayo imishini ivolumu inhlangano bahluleka. Ebusika, ngonyaka ka-59-i-yavela izifundo lokuqala kudalwa ezinkulu edolobheni ibhasi.

Ngonyaka 62 th, sibonelo wokuqala sakhishwa, LiAZ prototype 677. Esikhathini 63 th, imodeli ephethwe ukuze uthole izibuyekezo yayo yokuqala. Ngonyaka olandelayo, ibhasi test drive ezintabeni owawuse. Esikhathini 65 ngonyaka th zalesi sihlahla lenyuka production amavolumu futhi uye waba nenkampani enkulu kunazo zonke, oveza amabhasi.

Uma umsebenzi design LiAZ 677 ziye ngokugcwele ligcwaliswe, iKhomishani Yombuso akuniké ukukhanya green ukuqala ukukhiqizwa. Futhi ngonyaka 66th, amabhasi aqala ukufika dolobha avtokombinaty. I iqoqo lokuqala sebuqoqiwe ku 67 th, ngesikhathi ekukhiqizweni ihlelwe 68th Ekuqaleni, le mishini basebenzé kuphela emigwaqweni eMoscow. Kwamanye amadolobha yezwe enkulu, lezi onobuhle eyavela kamuva.

Esikhathini 71 ngonyaka th zalesi sihlahla ngokuphelele futhi bakamalalahlengezela eseqala ukuveza ibhasi edume LiAZ 677.

Kungani "Izinkomo"?

Le moto lithole isidlaliso Akubangelwa izinga zokuthutha. Kulula. EU.SSR ngo zonke futhi njalo ukuba Cuba anobuhlobo. Futhi-ke, kukhona amabhasi enikeziwe. Kodwa uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi kukhona abantu zenani eliphansi kakhulu, imoto bathola ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho, ngenxa yokuthi embundwini engezansi ibhasi, kwaba ezikahle kakhulu zokuhamba wezinkomo. Sasingekho isidingo ukudala ramps ekhethekile. Pet lula uya phansi LiAZ 677. Cubans baye kancane washintsha umklamo - anqunywe ophahleni ngenxa izimo zezulu. Ngakho, "imfuyo".

kudivayisi legends

Imodeli ubhekwa ngowokuqala wangempela edolobheni ibhasi, enziwa Union. Ngokungafani kumaphrojekthi wangaphambilini, lezipho ezintsha awuzange kuphela eyenzelwe likwazi ukuhlalisa inani elandayo abagibeli, kodwa ngokunethezeka. izihlalo Bus ukhululekile, ukusebenza kahle kohlelo bafudumale. Ngisho emakhazeni zasendle, abanye abantu ephethwe ukulala ubuthongo kakhulu endlwaneni eyakhiwe - ngakho-ke uthando.

Esilungele edolobheni

LiAZ 677 has ukumiswa kakhulu nge-othomathikhi headlight umzimba. Okunye amabhasi it libhekene ngokunyakaza bushelelezi. Ngokuhamba uhlevane nenkathazo umgwaqo ohlukile, lokhu imodeli waxosha ngokuqiniseka. izici esivelele kuyaqina namandla ukumiswa waphendukela sifinyelele ngoba Rubber-air amasilinda elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa.

Umthamo futhi geometry

Ngaphakathi, ukulingana kuze kube abagibeli 110, futhi ride ehlezi babe abantu 25. Izihlalo ahlelwe amaphethini amathathu- futhi emine ilandelana. Phakathi kwezihlalo kwaba ndima kuqhathaniswa ububanzi eyenza lawo amabhasi ukhululekile kakhulu futhi evumelana abagibeli.

ibhasi obuphelele 10 530 mm, nobubanzi - 2500 mm, ubude - 3033 mm.

Umzimba futhi ingaphakathi

Yayiyini LiAZ 677 - model ukuthi iwuphawu izinsuku eziningi ezimnandi?

Umzimba kwadingeka isakhiwo enqoleni esindayo. Isigaba komzimba futhi axhunyiwe nomunye by izipikili, zazifihlwa ngaphansi ulwelwesi, okwakubonisa umsebenzi zokuhlobisa.

Wezangaphakathi uphahlwe laminate. Ngenhla windscreen kwakukhona indlu egcwele, lapho kulolu hlangothi ukusetha inamba umzila lapho umshini usebenza, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi - ulwazi umzila.

I ukukhanyisa kwakuhlelwa downlights eziyisithupha ngezibani Fluorescent. amafasitelana Esinanyathiselwe ewindini ngamunye ihlinzeka ngendlela engokwemvelo ukuze pholisa wezangaphakathi.

emagama lahlukene ufanelwe ohlelweni bafudumale. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa outflow umoya hot, okuyinto etholwe uhlelo injini indlu. Air ipayipi badabula ohlangothini lwesobunxele umzimba, futhi ohlangothini kwesokunxele phambi, nje ngemuva ukwahlukanisa somshayeli, ngosuku nesithwathwa, abantu ngisho ubuthongo ngemuva.

Izici ingaphakathi

Iyunithi amandla emotweni yayisesigodini phambi ohlangothini lwesokunene umshayeli webhasi. Onjiniyela nganquma ukuthi kuyoba kahle kakhulu futhi ngakho-ke Kwatholakala. Lesi sinqumo avunyelwe ukukhululwa kwe eziningi isikhala abagibeli langemuva. Futhi uma-ke kwakudingekile ukuba balungise injini, lokho akusho ngisho baye ngaphandle.

Kwenqwaba umthwalo owamelana oluvala amasondo labaqaphi elingemuva. Wawunodonga namasondo amabili ngakwesokunxele kanye ilungelo efanayo. Playground abagibeli wawusegunjini kancane ngezansi gumbi. Futhi endlwaneni eyakhiwe kungenziwa esafinyelelwa eyehlelayo. Ukufaka futhi uphume gumbi ngomnyango ezingemuva onjiniyela enikeziwe izinyathelo ezimbili. Phambi izinyathelo ezintathu kwaba, ngenxa yokuthi ibhasi has a front injini layout. Salon nayo iphakame kancane eduze gumbi.

iminyango

Ukuze bathuthe akuyona eside kakhulu imi zamabhasi, it has iminyango ebanzi valve amane. Amapholisa athi ibhasi le eminyango emibili. umnyango lwesithathu abanikeze asebenza nabo kuhlinzekelwe umshayeli.

umshayeli

Onjiniyela bafuna ukuhola iphrojekthi ngendlela ukuthi umshayeli kwakuyindoda ukhululekile kakhulu futhi zisebenza kahle. Singathini mayelana gumbi LiAZ 677? Izici wakhe - descriptiveness kanye Ergonomics. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho engadingekile. Amajaji ithuluzi kuhluke design ehlukile ngoba leyo minyaka.

isihlalo yokushayela iye ivele, futhi akuvumela ukulungisa ukuphakama, emuva engela noma imicamelo. I cab kanye gumbi injini ahlukaniswa ngodonga. Kwezinye embodiments, ukukhwezwa ibhokisi njengoba "Ikarus". On iwindi enjalo ifasitelana kwaba abagibeli.

LiAZ injini 677 kanye petrol

Emotweni, sebenzisa V emise iyunithi Zil 375. Abaningi ibhasi ngesikhathi lonke iqoqo izinzuzo babekholelwa lokhu injini kusimo enkulu. 8 cylinder umshini emotweni lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umoya nomusi kaphethiloli injini yayithwala amabutho 180, kodwa zinezinhliziyo omkhulu.

Ngisho uphethiloli 300 amalitha avunyelwe ukuhamba shift 1.5 kuphela. Abashayeli phakathi refueling ngempela kwenziwa. Kodwa naphezu ukusetshenziswa omkhulu onjalo, imodeli namanje wangena ekukhiqizeni. Amabhasi ku udizili zazingekho okwamanje, nophethiloli mningi. On oda 93rd ashisiwe uphethiloli iyunithi 75l / km 100.

Lelo nani manje kubonakala nje omkhulu futhi ngiyaphupha. Abashayeli abaningi abaye basebenza ku le mishini, ngikubizé injini "indlovu". Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngaphezu iphango omkhulu, uye zihlukaniswa amakhanda futhi ibhasi kanzima-laden akhwela kuyanda. Kodwa ngemva nokuthuthukela LiAZ ibhasi 677 Ukucaciswa ngcono kancane. Endaweni yokuqala namanje wakwazi ukwakha injini for 76-octane uphethiloli, ngisho ephethwe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwaleso ipasipoti baba 54 l / km 100.

Kukhona esinye isici yalolu phiko - ke okweqile ehlobo. Winter eba yiqhwa injini. On hot izinsuku, umshayeli wavula ikhava kwelinye lamagumbi injini, futhi lapho kufika ubusika, iyunithi eyenziwa ukwahlukanisa.

ukudluliswa

Motor ibhangqwe i automatic transmission. Kufanele uthi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuthi lena ibhasi lokuqala kuya PPC yalolu hlobo. Abashayeli abaningi ngokushesha cishe bayoqonda zonke izinzuzo bacela zona automatics. Ababili isinyathelo CAT linikezwa kungenzeka izuze ngesivinini esiphezulu 70 km / h.

Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu ebhokisini sihluke kakhulu amamodeli zamanje, kodwa kwaba onokwethenjelwa futhi elula ngokwanele. Elungisa ke kungaba kwenziwe ngokushesha okukhulu.

Steering kanye amabhuleki

Tie umakhenikha ibhasi kwaba ifakwe drive wokubacindezela. Amabhuleki babe kabili wesifunda drive womoya.

Liaz 677 "Moscow"

Ukwakhiwa kanye nomklamo, kanye izici baye akukho zinguquko abalulekile phezu yonke inkathi ukukhululwa. Nokho, ngonyaka 78th, wethulwa ukukhiqizwa yesimanje LiAZ 677 M ilungisiwe gearbox kagesi nokuhlale unyathela amabhuleki, uhlelo. Kuyaphawuleka washintsha dashboard.

Phakathi umehluko oyinhloko imodeli entsha kungaba ingaphakathi okhetheke khulu. Futhi, umzimba ifakwe kubhaklazeka ophahleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhasi ishintshile umbala. Manje base ophuzi.

Iphele ukwenza izinguquko ukuze "eMoscow" ngonyaka 97th.

Tuning

Kunabantu abaningi bakhangwa kanye nentshisekelo ubuchwepheshe ezinjalo - kungcono umlando. Kukhona ngisho labo thola le mishini amayunithi futhi ubuyisela kubo. Ngokuvamile, kubhekwa lucky ukuthola ngisho ubudala LiAZ 677. Tuning zehla ukuba repainted kodwa nokubuyiselwa owaqalwa.

Ekuphetheni

Kukhona okuningi ukusho ngalokhu ibhasi. Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo okuhlobene nakho, eziningi imininingwane ezithakazelisayo lobuchwepheshe. Namuhla kuyinto engavamile, futhi zicishe zakhubeka. Kuyinto ezisengcupheni. Kodwa labo imilutha ngempela, ukusungulwa e ikhompyutha umdlalo imodeli ozithandayo - LiAZ 677. "OMSI" - a Simulator ka umshayeli webhasi, futhi manje iyatholakala futhi kubhekwe yithi uphawu yizinto zesikhathi esidlule Soviet.