Emisebeni Beta

Kanti i-nuclei zama-athomu ezithile zinezikhathi kokuntengantenga kwezomnotho, okuyinto kubonakala ikhono lazo kugucuka (kwamazinyo nokuguqulwa), ephelezelwa ekushayweni ngemisebe (ionizing emisebeni). Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu zokuwohloka yenuzi emisebeni beta.

Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ngokuthi microparticles futhi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ngokomzimba, lapho unekhono ionize izinto. It likhona kuze ukumuncwa eziwumgogodla kwanoma iyiphi imfuyo. Imithombo emisebeni (izindawo zenuzi lobuchwepheshe noma nje izinto radioactive) ziyakwazi, ngokungafani khona emisebeni kakhulu isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuchayeka emisebeni yemvelo likhona ezimpilweni zethu njalo. Ionizing emisebeni yayikhona ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa izwe izinhlobo zokuqala eziphansi zokuphila.

emisebeni Beta - ke umfudlana esiqhubekayo positrons futhi electron, okuyinto sasikhipha e ekonakaleni beta enemisebe athomu. isici okunjalo kwamazinyo hhayi kuzo zonke athomu, kodwa kuphela izinto ezithile. Amaelectrons (noma positrons) akhiwa cores e ukuguquka neutrons ukuze proton noma okuphambene nalokho. I kwaphumela izinhlayiya ezinzile, abangenalo mali futhi mass ukuphumula, ngokuthi neutrinos futhi antineutrinos.

Lapho ukuwohloka electronic kwakhiwa core, lapho inani proton luyanda ngomunye, uma kuqhathaniswa nenani ngaphambi kwamazinyo. Ngo positron ubole icala yenuzi per unit incipha. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, inombolo mass akashintshi.

electron sasikhipha (noma positrons) ifa amandla ezahlukene ezisukela zero kumkhawulo omkhulu amandla Em (elilingana MeV eziningana).

emisebeni Beta has a okuqhubekayo amandla bohlu. Amazinga zamandla nucleus nge leyehlukene. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngesikhathi ukuwohloka ngamunye okwalandela bayokhululwa amandla amasha. embili okunjalo ekushayweni spectra ngenxa yokuthi ukubola i amandla e-athomu ngokweqile kungenziwa basakaza phakathi izinhlayiya sasikhipha ehlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-neutrinos spectrum kuthiwa sasikhipha phakathi kwamazinyo, ibuye libhekene phambili.

Ayephila beta spectrometer emisebeni beta, beta zokubala akhethekile ionization emakamelweni

isotopes Radioactive ukuthi ubole natihambisana ekushayweni lolu hlobo, okuthiwa i-beta-emitters. Lezi zihlanganisa isotopes sulphur (S35), i-phosphorus (32P), i-calcium (Ca45) nabanye. Uma ukuwohloka akuyona ephelezelwa gamma ngemisebe, ibizwa ngokuthi okumsulwa beta ngemisebe.

emitters Abaningi (32P, 14C, Ca45, S35, njll) Futhi esetshenziswa radioisotope kungakanani abakwaziyo kanye nokuhlola isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokuhlola.

Kudlulwa ketshezi, imisebe ye-beta (beta emisebeni) baxhumana nuclei zama-athomu yayo futhi electron, ukuchitha kuso bonke amandla abo futhi cishe ngokuphelele kokuma ukuhamba kwayo. Indlela okudlula ketshezi beta-kuyizinhlayiyana, ngokuthi mileage. Lubonakaliswa amagremu ngamunye isentimitha square (ezikhonjiswe njengoba g / cm2).

emisebeni Beta uyakwazi ukungena ophilayo izicubu zomzimba kuya kwangu-2 amasentimitha ukujula. Ekuvikeleni ngokuqhubekayo emisebeni enjalo kungaba screen Plexiglas ukujiya ezifanele.

Beta-ray amelela omunye izinhlobo ionizing emisebeni. Lapho edlula imisebe ulahlekelwa amandla izidakamizwa kubangela ionization. Ukumuncwa amandla yi-medium kungabangela eziningi izinqubo yesibili asendabeni okuyinto usebhekene ngemisebe. Isibonelo, lokhu kungenzeka luminescence, ukusabela ngemisebe-chemical, ukushintsha isakhiwo crystal izidakamizwa nokunye. D. nje efana nezinye izinhlobo lemisebe beta imisebe abe nemiphumela radiobiological.

Ukusetshenziswa beta emisebeni ye kwezokwelapha kusekelwe Ukungena yayo sezindawo lendwangu. Rays esetshenziswa eligcizelela ukubukeka kwangaphandle, interstitial kanye intracavitary ukwelashwa ngemisebe.