Ukuthola-benzene

Kunezindlela eziningana ukukhiqizwa yezimboni futhi laboratory-benzene, okuyinto ziyahlukahluka ngaphakathi accordance nga babe umkhiqizo ikhethwa njengendlela material sokuqala. Yamanje ukukhiqizwa zamakhemikhali midlalo iya ngokuya osebenza compounds ahlukahlukene ezinamakha njengenhlaba coke kuhhavini igesi kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi coking kwamalahle. Ziyakwazi esetshenziswa kabanzi futhi ahlukahlukene amalahle itiyela amafraktjhini imiswe phakathi ziphuzo zazihluzwa kawoyela ongahluziwe.

Coking amalahle - enkulu inqubo sinyathelo steel umkhakha, kubalulekile ukuthola coke. Asikho isidingo ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe zonke ubuchwepheshe, ogxile ukulungiswa-benzene, kwanele ukusho ukuthi kuleli cala wawubumba is esinyathelweni, lapho amalahle ukubola kanye imikhiqizo noqhekeko kukhona coke futhi volatiles ngokuyinhloko - coke igesi kuhhavini. Ngo umusi salo amalahle yomsizi netiyela. Lapho le gesi sidlula uhlelo epholisayo, kukhona ukwehlukana izinto akha it. Ngemva elektrofiltrovaniya coke igesi kuhhavini vele iqukethe pair of organic compounds kuhlanganise benzene. Lokhu ukulungiselela kuqinisekisa benzene yayo isivuno ifomu eluhlaza cishe elilingana 10-11 kg tonne kwamalahle ezomile ngayinye.

Yamalahle itiyela futhi ivumela ukuthola benzene. Ubuchwepheshe lapha kuyinto okusikhumbuza indlela esiqhutshwa ukuthola benzene kusukela coke igesi kuhhavini. Iqiniso liwukuthi, lokho kukodwa amalahle itiyela - a eziyinkimbinkimbi kunalokho ukubunjwa ingxenye inhlanganisela izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinuka kamnandi organic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nanamuhla, ukubunjwa enkompolo bengayiqondi ngokugcwele, futhi ngaleyo ndlela wasungula khona abangaphezu kuka-500 (!) Izingxenye. Icubungula ubuchwepheshe kuyinto inqubo ezimbili isigaba ngokuhlukana resin zihlukaniswe zibe izingxenyana ezincane ehlukile. Ngenxa yale njongo ngamunye wabo ngaphansi isenzo alkalis ukususa esidi ingxenye. kwakumiswa ukudla okuqinile okuholela - anthracene futhi naphthalene, kanye ukukhanya, okuyinto likhona ukwakheka kanye benzene.

Imboni ukusakaza ukuthola benzene ifomu eluhlaza, okubizwa ngokuthi-benzene ongahluziwe. Ukuze uthole kwakwakhe okumsulwa, benzene ongahluziwe zigezwe kusukela sulphur compounds. Kule nqubo ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezimbili. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ukususwa efanele sulphur ukungcola, futhi ingxube yesibili ahlukaniswe kuhlanzwe ziphuzo zazihluzwa. Enye yemikhiqizo lokhu ngokwahlukana kuyoba benzene.

Umthombo enkulu Aromatics ehlukene petroleum. Yingakho benzenes zesimanje zokukhiqiza igxile lo mkhiqizo.

Benzene ahlukanisa futhi kusukela acetylene. Lokhu kwaziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile yigesi, ke Ayinambala, cishe zingaxazululeki emanzini, ulula kunokotini emoyeni. Phakathi izakhiwo amakhemikhali igesi unekhono polymerize, ngakho elisetshenziswa umkhakha ngokukhiqiza benzene kusukela acetylene. Le ndlela liyathembisa ngaphezulu ngokombono ukudala nemibandela ukusabela chemical nokugcina. Iqiniso lokuthi acetylene, kukodwa, inhlekelele kakhulu, ngoba elisetshenziswa umkhakha kuhilela zidinga ukuhambisana nayo isiyalo zobuchwepheshe esiqinile futhi imishini ekhethekile, ikakhulukazi ukushisa ukumelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphambi ukuthola acetylene kusukela benzene, ukufeza lokushisa esanele 400 C bese ubamba phambi graphite. Nokho, le ndlela kwahlongozwa ngo-1866 ngu wemithi French M. Berthelot, isivuno izidakamizwa kwaba eliphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-ubuchwepheshe wanamhlanje ukusetshenziswa kabanzi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba yelikhono futhi kuyashesha ukuphendula nokukhuphula isivuno benzene okumsulwa.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri, benzene ongavamile etholwe, kodwa uma nokho kudingeka kuphakama, indlela alloying usebenzisa i-benzoic acid nge alikhali. Waba yini umphumela walesi yokusabela-benzene.