Ukugunyaza Nokubukeza Okusatshalaliswe Yiwebhu. abantu lwasekuqaleni nozalo lwabo

abantu bakudala. babezokwenzenjani? Futhi kubukeka njengokuthile wayekwazi? Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi bathola izimpendulo ezanelisayo zale mibuzo, kodwa ingabe kuyiqiniso? .. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa futhi uthole ukuthi lapho abantu zasendle yokuphila namuhla.

Amadoda lokuqala zasendle Emhlabeni

Kunabantu abaningi basendulo, ukuthi iyisilwane yabo yokuqala kakhulu futhi zasendle kakhulu, uvele emhlabeni 2.5 million edlule. Ukulandela imfundiso kaDarwin, baye bavela Australopithecus, okuyizinto nezinkawu okukhulu. Bona sekukhona eminyakeni million 3.5-2 edlule e-Afrika. kwenkawu Southern, njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo Australopithecus waba ubuchopho amancane umhlathi okukhulu. Babekwazi ubambe ezandleni zabo izinto ezifana amatshe noma izinti ngilimise ngisho wathutha.

Lezi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo isakhi sofuzo ziye zenzeka, okwaphumela zinhlobo ezimbili - Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba (Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba) kanye nabantu abasebenza.

Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba - abantu noma izilwane?

Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba - umuntu wokuqala zasendle oye Europe. Lapho ncamashi enza nangabantwana ukukwenza, kunzima ukusho, njengoba mlando ukhombe izinsuku ezahlukene. Laba bantu wasendulo wakha e inombolo encane nezizwana wenza izinyathelo eziyisisekelo: ezingelwa, ezakhiwe ngokwabo maqhugwane lasekuqaleni. Babesebenzisa umlilo, kodwa engazi ukuthi ungawukhipha kanjani umucwana ke. Athuthukisiwe kwezenhlalo ukwedlula ababengaphambi kwabo, abangcwabe kakade zakubo ngisho abakhulekelwa ezithile zezilwane.

Uhlobo Homo erectus ekugcineni kwaba sasithi asifane ukubukeka nenkawu sika - ephansi, ebunzini olwehlelayo futhi akukho kwesilevu. Isandla sokunene kuyinto atfutfuke kakhulu kunemakhono ngakwesobunxele. Noma kunjalo, ukubukeka imikhuba Basaba wabheka njengokhokho bawo - umzimba embozwe uboya, ngokufanele izingalo obujwayelekile nasemilenzeni, zokuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ukushukuma komzimba ohambisana nokumemeza.

iminyaka 200,000 adlule eYurophu kwakukhona zasendle, abantu bakudala - AmaNeanderthal. Ukuba waphila yesine yesigidi iminyaka Emhlabeni, bheka, wanyamalala, ososayensi basaqhubeka ukunwaya amakhanda abo phezu lokhu puzzle.

Ingabe AmaNeanderthal: Bangobani nokuthi kungani kungasekho?

Ingabe AmaNeanderthal ithole igama labo kusukela Neanderthal ibhidlike eJalimane, ingenye izingebhezi ezimbalwa amalungu alolu bohlobo Kuye kwatholakala lapho. Namuhla, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi akuzona inzalo ngqo abantu, kodwa kunalokho, izihlobo zabo. isakhi sofuzo lwabo lwamanje kuyi-DNA yomuntu yesimanje (hhayi bekubona it kuphela Afrika) e imali kusuka 1 kuya 4%. Namuhla, ososayensi bayavuma ukuthi Cro-Magnons, inzalo yomuntu yesimanje kweqiniso, eqinisweni, akuzange kwenzeke ngemuva AmaNeanderthal, futhi wahlala nabo ngesikhathi esifanayo mayelana 20 000 edlule. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi zinhlobo ungase ihlangane.

Kungani Ingabe AmaNeanderthal uzoqothulwa? Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi, kodwa akukho noyedwa wabo wathola engenakuqinisekiswa okuthembekile. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi sisole Ice Age, elinye - ukuthi kohlanga banika nomunye Ukugunyaza Nokubukeza Okusatshalaliswe Yiwebhu - Homo sapiens - njengoba eziqinile ngaphezulu nokuthuthukiswa zezinto eziphilayo ezihlakaniphile. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi - the AmaNeanderthal safa, kuyilapho Cro-Magnons zazikwazi ngaphezulu ukuthuthukiswa.

Cro-magnon, noma Homo sapiens

Cro-Magnons - yigama ezivamile okhokho yomuntu yesimanje. ukuthuthukiswa wabo ngokuphongoza ukuthi ngaphambili yabo, kodwa ukubonakala has umehluko kancane kusuka abantu yesimanje. Cro-magnon umqondo ebanzi uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi Homo sapiens (Indoda ehlakaniphile). Lena incazelo sizosebenzisa olwengeziwe.

lonke Iningi ugebhezi yokuqala yaleli izinhlobo zawo ziye zatholakala e-Ethiopia, iminyaka yabo yeminyaka engaba ngu-160.000. Lokhu Ukugunyaza Nokubukeza Okusatshalaliswe Yiwebhu kwadingeka zifana cishe ephelele abantu yesimanje - amashiya a evelele kancane, bulging emabunzini ubuso bushelelezi. View okuthiwa Homo sapiens adultu, okungukuthi abantu okudala kunakho konke mayelana ne-Earth. Ngakho, ososayensi California baye bathola ukuthi abantu kuqale ukuvela eMhlabeni iminyaka 200-000 edlule e-Afrika bese zasakazekela emhlabeni. Ekuqaleni Upper Paleolithic (eminyakeni engaba ngu-40,000 edlule) endaweni kwendawo yazo isivele cishe sonke iplanethi.

Gen. amadoda zasendle

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwathatha cishe abayizigidi ezimbili eyedlule, kusukela kwasungulwa obhekwe emhlabeni komuntu wokuqala, abavubukuli ukusungulwa kahle impela ngokuphila kwakhe. Ngakho, kuyaziwa ukuthi ekuqaleni abantu babehlala nemiphakathi emincane, njengoba ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima of isikhathi wedwa ukuze usinde indoda kweyengane. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, wonke umuntu ngamalungelo abo kanye nezibopho, nezimayini kwakuvamile. Izikhali futhi wakhonza Umholi induku idwala elinjengezinyo.

Ukugunyaza Nokubukeza Okusatshalaliswe Yiwebhu bebephila ukuphila ayimizulane, lalilokhu liqhubekela bengonozulane ziyofuna ukudla. Camp wahlela eduze amaphuzu ukuthambisa, okwenza kube lula ukuzingela kwesidlo esilandelayo. Njengoba amathuluzi adingekayo ekwakheni ikhaya lalingekho, izindlu zomphakathi babe emihumeni ezihosheni. Nge sadlala ngesikhathi emhlabeni emhumeni zathuthelekela bayanda, ephoqa abantu ukuba bathuthele kwelinye.

Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, umlilo zathanjiswa indoda, ngakho ngokucophelela kuqashelwe kubo emihumeni emini nasebusuku.

Umuzi wokuqala emhlabeni lakhiwa 3400, BC. Wayekhona eNingizimu Melika, futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Real Alto. Lo muzi endala njengeBhayibheli ingasiza imibhoshongo baseGibhithe. Kuyini izindlu ezithakazelisayo kuleli dolobha zakhelwe nge bokunemba, sengathi icebo lakhe wayezelwe futhi yahlelwa kusengaphambili.

Indlela agqoke amadoda zasendle?

Hlobo luni izingubo zababusi amadoda zasendle lasendulo nokuthi egqoka nhlobo? Babalelwa ku-170 000 edlule, abantu lokuqala babecabanga mayelana izingubo. Ososayensi bakholelwa kwaba yena nguye owamsiza ukuba uhambe ngalé Afrika efudumele futhi uthuthe ezindaweni elinesimo sezulu esibandayo. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, kwasiza ukucacisa cwaningo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ... nezintwala. Izintwala kukhona yisinanakazana kuphela izingubo, ngokulandelana, imvelaphi yabo kuhlobene izingubo yokuqala abantu zasendle. Ososayensi base-Florida ngemva kokuchitha ukuhlola yokuqala, waqinisekisa ukuthi bafake abantu lasendulo waqala 100, futhi 170 ayizinkulungwane. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Kulokhu, ekhanda, iyona definition yokuvikela abantu balahlekelwe enye engu-100 000 ngaphambi. "Kuyamangalisa ukuthi bakwazi baphile isikhathi eside, ngaphandle izinwele kanye izingubo," - uthi Devid ukuqeda, inhloko iqembu labacwaningi e-University of Florida.

Ekuqaleni izingubo amadoda yasendle kungaba ngaphezulu Ukuvikelwa imilingo ezinsongweni ezivela ngaphandle kuka kusukela Ukuvikelwa abandayo. izinto Okokuqala ngenxa izingubo zabantu bakudala - a izikhumba fibre. Ngemuva umphelelisi iziqobosho ahlukahlukene - izinzipho, isilwane amazinyo, izimpaphe.

Phakathi nawo-90s nemingcwabo ezatholakala zamanje uVladimir esifundeni intsha, izingubo okuyinto owawufana izingubo yesimanje lezizwe enyakatho. Nakuba i-Alps 90 watholakala sibalo ezineqhwa sendoda "Ötzi", ogama izingubo lalinabashumayeli isilwane izikhumba, utshani kanye namakhambi fresh.

abantu Wild namuhla

Thina - izingane impucuko, kodwa izwe namanje ekhaya ukuze izizwe eziningi, ababesahlezi okufanayo, ezingeni bakudala yentuthuko. Iningi - abantu zasendle be-Afrika kanti i-Amazon, isikhathi lapho yavalwa izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Cabanga bakudala iningi labo.

1. abantu Sentinelese ezihlala esiqhingini iSentinel phakathi kweNdiya Thailand - umphakathi enkulu ngokwanele, ababebalelwa abantu mayelana 300. Banezinhliziyo ikhono eliyingqayizivele sikulindele izinhlekelele zemvelo. Nabo isikhathi eside wayezama ukuxhumana naye abacwaningi, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Basuke benza embonini yezokudoba, ukuhlangana nokuzingela.
2. AmaMasai. Ziningi nabanolaka isizwe Afrika nge isiko ekhethekile - bekulokhu kukhona kusukela ebuntwaneni cut walingenisa udebe eliphezulu ukushumeka ke ushayela. I isithembu isizwe buyakhahlela ukuthi umongo esincane samadoda isibe kunesidingo.
3. Iqembu Nicobar futhi Andaman izizwe - kuyinto amazimu abahlala ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa nomunye. Nokho, abanye kufanele afeze izenzo ubuzimu kuphela ngamaholidi, ngokuthi "imikhiqizo yokuphepha" is agcwaliswa kancane kakhulu.
4. Ekugcineni, emikhosini, - komncane athuthukiswe futhi enobungane kakhulu isizwe. Ulimi yilona emadilini bakudala kakhulu, njengoba awunazo iningi izimpawu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isizwe bancishwa izinganekwane lalo.

isiphetho

Njengoba ubona, izizwe zasendle zabantu zenzeke namuhla. Bona anqikaze abantu yesimanje futhi ugwema impucuko, eyaqala abacwaningi izinsolo nolaka lwabantu. Nokho, kancane kancane, basuke ayisasebenzi futhi ngelinye ilanga kuyoshabalala ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba, yadedela impucuko.