Indaba imali

Sonke abajwayele, ukuthi imali - liyisici esibalulekile empilweni yawo wonke umuntu, ukuthi yonke into emhlabeni has imali yayo, ukuze uthole okuthile, kumelwe siqale sibe izindleko lokho "okuthile" ngezimali. Kodwa hhayi yilowo nalowo phakathi kwethu wacabanga mayelana lokuthi ngumlando ukuvela imali, akusiwona ngakho nje abantu wasungula indlela elula ukuthola okudingayo.

Umlando ukubukeka imali lasendulo

Ngaphambi kokufika imali phakathi iningi ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi, isimo iye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo enana (nekuzuza - "wena - Mina, mina - wena"), kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baqala ukubona ukuthi imikhiqizo ehlukene sinokubaluleka ezahlukene ukushintshashintsha, isibonelo, nojeke ubumba ngesinkwa akukhona inzuzo kakhulu. Futhi kwakungelula ngakho, isibonelo, ukushintshashintsha ubisi wakhe milker ku izinhlanzi njengoba ubisi Umdobi ngangingenasithakazelo, kudingeka isinkwa, lenduna futhi, esikhundleni salokho, sidinga kakolweni. Futhi ngenkathi milker ngeke ukundlula wonke lo mbuthano, futhi wayethola izinhlanzi ungapheli.

Khona-ke, kancane kancane emazweni ahlukahlukene ziye zaqala ukungena izinto ezithile njengoba imali. Ake sithi, iningi nezizwe zamaNdiya ezazisele esetshenziswa amagobolondo noma amapharele, ezinye izizwe - isilwane izikhumba, uboya, noma isanda sezinkomo zakho, kodwa kamuva nje, ngesikhathi Omkhulu yeRussia, imali kubhekwa izinduku usawoti, isibonelo, Ethiopia. amagobolondo Ezazilenga nazo wamukela imali inzuzo kwamanye amazwe e-Afrika, Thailand, India. Kwaba ngemva kwakho konke lokhu, abantu baqala ukungena njengoba imali izinsimbi. Yaqala kanjalo-mlando nasemlandweni wanamuhla ukuvela imali.

Inkambo ukuthuthukiswa yemali

Okokuqala, emazweni amaningi, le ingots zethusi zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso lwemali, isiliva nezinye izinto ezimbiwa phansi nge ezahlukene silinganiso izilinganiso. Igolide Amabha yasetshenziswa kuphela amazwe amancane ambalwa (Libya, Pakistan), le, kwamanye amazwe, uzwakalise ibha igolide njengoba iyunithi yemali, ukulungiselela ke kusukela ingxubevange zethusi, igolide nesiliva, kodwa efika kuqala ukuze lihlukaniswe igolide yangempela kwakunzima, ngoba zethusi lavula zemvelo umbala ophuzi. Ngakho-ke, singasho kugcwale umlomo ukuthi lezi uthi babehilelekile falsification komkhiqizo.

Khona-ke, ngekhulu lesikhombisa BC, saqala ukwethula metal zemali. Ngenxa yalokho, eyigugu iningi lawo lalingabantu zemali zegolide, isiliva babethukile, kahle, nethusi - okuvame kakhulu kanti esetshenziswa kabanzi. Sibabiza amazinga kanye lwemali. Kubukeka sengathi babeshintshene ubhontshisi abavamile.

Lapho benza ruble?

Metal imali emlandweni Russia eyavela kamuva kakhulu - ekupheleni kwekhulu lesishiyagalolunye. Silver bullion steel ahlukaniswe izingxenye eziningana okungenani zilingana. kwavela Ngakho igama - the ruble.

Zazinjani imali iphepha lokuqala

Ngo eChina, imali ibe mklamo ongavamile kakhulu - round futhi uhlamvu lwemali ayisicaba umgodi square phakathi. Kwakudingekile ukuba lula - bona azixhunywe kuchungechunge futhi hung ngasentanyeni yakhe. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baqaphela ukuthi lo okuthiwa "umgexo" - umthwalo osindayo, futhi banikeza irisidi zemali - umsebenzi ebhaliwe ukuthi avunyelwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi ukuwathola futhi uwasebenzise emuva. Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ababolekisi namabhange babé into ajwayelekile, namarisidi zithandwa futhi avame ukusetshenziswa abantu. Ngakho 910 e China wadala imali iphepha lokuqala. Amagxolo esihlahleni kamalibhele ukhonza njengoba isisekelo ephepheni.

ERussia, umlando ukuvela imali yephepha waqala kuphela ngo-1769, lapho uCatherine II unikele lo mbono kuleli zwe. Kodwa ukuthuthukiswa imali yephepha kuleli zwe Uthole okusheshayo.

Kodwa manje abaningi esikhundleni unyaka okuqhubekayo ukusetshenziswa zemali ngalinye (amapeni manje cishe never olusetshenzisiwe, uma base bekhulelwe, kwaba kuphela eziyishumi-nesibaya), bona esikhundleni imali yephepha (hhayi kangako kudala langena eyiphepha par ukubaluleka ruble ayizigidi ezinhlanu).