Amagquma Borovitsky: incazelo emfushane kanye nomlando

Borovitsky amagquma - indawo lapho kwakukhona khona isiphetho, kamuva elaba isisekelo se-Moscow isimo dolobha. It sise confluence eMfuleni Moskva ku Neglinnaya. Ezikhathini zasendulo, ke laligcwele izimila obukhulu, izihlahla okungcono coniferous kanye pine. Le ndawo abe litheku amaqembu athile sabantu futhi eziningi amasiko bemivubukulo.

Esigabeni sokuqala

Borovitsky amagquma endulo lokuqala ugcwale abazingeli nabadobi (Fatyanovo isikhathi). Kamuva kwathathelwa indawo abantu wokwelusa (Diakonoff esiteji), ngemva kwalokho indawo yayisivele sokuxazulula zone ngqo labantu Slavic: Vyatichi futhi Krivichy. Abacwaningi bathole izinsalela kokuhlala kwawo lapha ngesimo izindunduma. Kukhona kucatshangwa ukuthi ngekhulu le-11 Borovitsky amagquma kwaba esivumelwaneni uthango encane, udonga, amaqembu sokhuni, emseleni.

Inkomba yokuqala

Le ndawo ibigcwele yokuqala okukhulunywa zemihla e 1147 ngokuqondene edilini, okuyinto wanika Rostov-Suzdal Prince Yury Dolgoruky namadlelandawonye. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, wayaleza ukwakha inqaba lokhuni lapha. Nokho, kukhona umbono ukuthi kwaku ifa Boyar yinqwaba, okwakubekelwa ngenkani sasuswa kuye ziphenduka patrimony a lezinceku yenkosana. Kunenzuzo indawo kamuva kwaholela yokuthi Borovitsky amagquma ayewukhonzile ohlelweni izinqaba e North-Eastern uthi.

kufuduka

amakhosi asendulo isikhathi kwehlukana kwaphawulwa ngokuxabana yokungezwani phakathi izikhulu, okuyindawo bahlupheka kakhulu nje bendawo. Befuna uyisiphephelo esekusithekeni Bavuka emakhaya ethunyelwe endaweni eqhelile futhi evikelekile. Kwakuyisikhathi kufuduka notshwala kuhle eqinile, okwaholela sinyathelo esisha esifundeni. Borovitsky Hill eMoscow wabuye waba yindawo yesiphephelo. Noma kunjalo wasuka endaweni yayo ngokuvamile umuzi izisulu ukuhlaselwa nokuphangwa kwempahla: ngekhulu le-11 kwavutha Ryazan isikhulu ekhulwini le-13, lapho ephenywa yokulimala esibi ngenxa kuhlasela Batu rati.

Ukuma kwendawo yendlela

Namuhla, kukhona Red Square, ingxenye China-edolobheni. Kanjalo ingxenye ephakeme kakhulu libizwa Makovytsya, okusho umqhele. Nansi Cathedral Square nomunye izakhiwo zethempeli main ezweni lethu - the wezinzalamizi Cathedral of kweNyuka. Ngakho, Borovitsky Hill elaba isikhungo inhlokodolobha esizayo futhi i-nucleus ye isimo esisha. Lokhu buvezwa evumayo indawo, nemithombo yawo ocebile yemvelo kanye evikelwe kule ndawo kusukela abayimizulane kanye AmaTatar, okuyinto bakhangwa eziningi abantu lapha phakathi nokubusa ijoka Tartar. Edge Hill owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi lbische noma esikhundleni ukukhishwa: lapha ukuqalisa unxusa abantu yamakhosi izinzalamizi.

igama

Umsuka igama "Borovitsky Hill" ngenxa izici of izimo zayo zemvelo nokuma kwezwe. Kukhona umbono ukuthi laqanjwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi sahlanganiswa ihlathi. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, indawo okuthiwa kusukela elithi "Borovica", okusho ukuthi isikhala lapho ihlathi noma ihlathi. Bobabili imicabango zifana nomunye, nokwethembeka kwalesi nokucabanga lufakazelwa yokuthi izakhiwo bokuqala lapha ziye ehlobene nalelo gama, ezifana esontweni futhi ngaya ekhaya lezindela. Lokhu kuwachaza kahle impendulo yombuzo othi mayelana nokuthi kungani Borovitsky amagquma kangaka okuthiwa.

Ephakathi

Umlando okwalandela kule ndawo ehlangene nokubusa eMoscow izikhulu lokuqala, ababehileleke isakhiwo yayo. Ngaphansi Ivan Kalita lapha elamiswa amasonto amaningana, futhi eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe - Umuthi we-oki Kremlin. Lapho umzukulu wakhe, Dmitry Donskoy, ukwakhiwa kwezindonga zamatshe ezizungeze inhloko-dolobha, okuyinto wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni emzini ayehlasela Lithuanian Grand Duke, lwesiTatar khan. Lesi sakhiwo esisha selakhiwe ngaphandle kwezindonga ubudala. I ukushuba izindonga ezintsha kusukela amamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu. inombolo Eqiniswe kwakuhlanganisa okugqoma, embankments. Izindonga ayenendawo izintuba. Lapho Ivan III waqala ukwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha we ezibiyele, kulokhu kwenziwa ngezitini. On ukwakhiwa yayo kwathatha iminyaka engaba yishumi.

isikhathi esisha

Ngo isakhiwo ngekhulu le-17 egqumeni Borovitsky futhi baqhubeka. Kube sekwakhiwe ibandla, belfry, emakamelweni nezigodlo. Izinqaba enziwa etendeni-isitayela, ngendlela baye basinda. Lapho umbusi wokuqala Russian lapha Yakhiwa isakhiwo Arsenal, kodwa kamuva, ngokuqondene ukudluliselwa capital Petersburg isakhiwo, ngeshwa, wayeka. Okusho Borovitsky aphakemeyo hhayi kuphela emlandweni Grand Duchy of eMoscow, kodwa futhi Russia bebonke. Iqiniso lokuthi le ndawo isibe core isimo enobunye, isiyenziwe yaphakama maphakathi ekuhlanganiseni emazweni iyona futhi principalities. ukubaluleka Evumayo zamasu kanye nezomnotho iye yaba nendima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni yayo nokunonophala.