Sikhungo Umhlaba Paris 1889

Ngo-1878, uhulumeni waseFrance unqume ubambe Umhlaba uMbukiso Paris ngo-1889, wanikezela ke kuya kweminyaka eyikhulu i-Bastille. Lo mcimbi kubhekwe ekuqaleni French Revolution. Njengoba lokhu revolution wagumbuqela emandleni obukhosi eFrance, iningi monarchies yeYurophu akazange iqhaza Fair Wezwe.

indaba

kakade Umhlaba Fair (Exposition Universelle) ngo-1889 kwaba yesine e-Paris. Ngo-1855, umcimbi efanayo lahlelwa ekuphenduleni lo mbukiso lokuqala yezizwe eLondon, owawusedolobheni 1851. Ngo-1867, ku- i-Champ de Mars 42 emazweni iqhaza ethulwa impumelelo futhi ukuphumelela kwabo kule mboni. Lo mbukiso ngo-1878 uhulumeni waseFrance esakhile Trocadero Palace eziyinkimbinkimbi ibhange kwesokudla the Seine, okuyinto iyisonto emadokodweni yamazwe ahlukene futhi emikhakheni ehlukene kwezesayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokulingana. Ngekhulu XX, esigodlweni lase kakhulu kabusha izidingo ka 1937 Fair Wezwe. Manje sibizwa ngaphansi kwegama "Palais de Chaillot".

Sikhungo 1889 kwaba nomhlangano kusuka 6 Meyi ukuze 31 Okthoba. Pavilions zafakwa phezu Champ de Mars kanye Trocadero Palace Square. Jena ibhuloho exhumanisa zindawo ezimbili embukisweni, kwadingeka banwebe ngakho okwesikhashana ukuthi angabhekana ngayo ngokuphumelelayo isibalo sezimoto ukugeleza.

Kwaphela isigamu ngonyaka, embukisweni wathatha izivakashi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-30. Weza Uhulumeni isiFulentshi 8 million franc inzuzo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yaba enye yezindawo ezimbalwa inzuzo Umhlaba nemibukiso.

Eiffel umbhoshongo

France uye wafuna isiteleka umhlaba wonke, isikali. Lo mbukiso esivelele kunazo zonke umbukiso kwaba Eiffel Tower, uphawu impumelelo French enkulu kwezesayensi kanye nobuchwepheshe ngokulingana. Nakuba wokuvulwa umbhoshongo senzeka ngo-March 31, 1889, ekuqaleni embukisweni umsebenzi wakhe uye ngaphezulu. Emasontweni ambalwa okuqala, izivakashi ubengase ukusebenzisa izitebhisi kusukela zommbila babengakabhaliswa egijima. Nokho, isonto lokuqala ayizinkulungwane 30 abantu wagibela phezu Eiffel Tower.

izimoto igalari

Ukulandela Eiffel Tower Yiqiniso, kufanele kuphawulwe "imishini Igalari» (La indawo eyisitezi eholweni imishini des) - ihholo omkhulu luhlaka metal. Ubude bayo 420 metres, ububanzi - 115. I umklami le sakhiwo wayengumJuda uFerdinand Dyuter, kuyilapho unjiniyela - Victor Kontamen. Huge iwindi esobala ezenziwe ngengilazi namabhodlela Dome, wanika umbono wokuthi buddto Isakhiwo ezenziwe ngensimbi namabhodlela. Ngaphakathi inkundla kukhona platform ezihambayo. Wathuthela ku ziphephile - zonke izinhlobo imishini futhi izindlela, futhi bavunyelwe izivakashi eziningi ucabangisise kahle kubo. izimoto Igalari lalisetshenziselwa ngesikhathi 1900 Fair Wezwe. Ngo-1910 ladilizwa.

iqhaza Russia

Ngokusemthethweni, uMbuso Russian akazange iqhaza Umhlaba Expo. Nokho, imizamo osomabhizinisi yangasese, futhi nganikezwa Paris mnogochilennyh phakathi abahlanganyeli. Lesi sakhiwo Russian mayelana 800 ziphephile banikezwe: imigexo izingcezu, izindwangu, imikhiqizo kaphethiloli, YaseCrimea futhi Kakheti iwayini, ugologo likagologo. Isigaba ezidumile "Umlando uhlalwe ngabantu" wethulwa endlini Russian. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi izivakashi wajabulela yokudlela Russian on ezingeni lokuqala Eiffel Tower.

imithombo

• Exposition Universelle de Paris 1889, www.worldfairs.info
• Expo 1889, www.expositions-universelles.fr
• Ibhokisi, Ivan "Umlando Paris" Zonke Umhlaba, eMoscow, 2002
• «Omkhulu French Bonisa», New York Times, 19.05.1889 www.nytimes.com
• Nikitin, Yuri, "Umhlaba Expo 1889 Paris," Novye Izvestiya, 08.06.2009 www.newizv.ru
• Pont d'Iéna, www.paris.fr
• "Eiffel Tower", uPavel Khramov, AVS Izikhangibavakashi Magazine, Juni 14, 2012, www.avs-travel.org