Izinhlobo zezinhlelo zezombusazwe kanye nezikhungo zezombangazwe

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiziphi izikhungo zesimiso sezombangazwe ezifana, yiziphi izingxenye ezihlukanisiwe nokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zezombangazwe empeleni, kubalulekile ukuqonda leli gama.

Uhlelo lwezombusazwe luyisenzo sezenzo zonke zezifundo zezombusazwe ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kahulumeni, ubudlelwane babo kanye nokusebenzisana okusekelwe kwisisekelo-value-normative. Igama elifanayo elithi "uhlelo lwezepolitiki" libizwa ngokuthi "inhlangano yezombusazwe yomphakathi".

Ngokwemibandela elula, uhlelo lwezepolitiki luhlanganisa ubumbano, ezomthetho, zomphakathi, izikhungo zezombusazwe kanye nemigomo, kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa ngabalingisi bezombangazwe abagqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nohulumeni.

Naphezu kokuthi uhlelo lwezepolitiki luyinto engabonakaliyo, njengalokhu isakhiwo, sihlukaniswe sibe izingxenye ezikhona, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-subsystems noma amahlangothi.

Izinhlelo zesistimu yezopolitiki:

• Izikhungo. Indawo eyinhloko kulo mhlaba isetshenziswa yi-state, ngaphandle kwalesi ssystems ihlanganisa izikhungo ezinkulu zezombusazwe, abezindaba, isonto, amaqembu omphakathi, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izikhungo zesimiso sezombangazwe zakhiwe ngokomlando, ukubunjwa okuzinzile, isethi yemigomo, imithetho (ehlelekile futhi engahlelekile), isimo sengqondo, njll, eyenzelwe ukuhlela uhlelo lwezepolitiki. Izikhungo zezombangazwe azizona izinhlangano zezombangazwe.

Izikhungo zesimiso sezombusazwe, nazo, zihlukaniswe zibe ngokobudlelwane, ukulawula, amasiko. Isihlobo sithatha indima yesistimu yezombangazwe, ukulawulwa kunquma uhlaka lwezomthetho, amasiko anesibopho sezinhloso ezithile noma amaqembu aphelele. Izikhungo zenkcubeko zihlobene eduze nomqondo we "izindima zezombusazwe".

• I-normative sphere (subsystem) inesibopho sempilo, yamasiko, yokuziphatha komphakathi, ilawula impilo yezombangazwe, isekela amasiko amasiko.
• I-subsystem esebenzayo iyisethi yezindlela zokusebenzisa amandla.
• Ukukhulumisana kusho zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana kwezombusazwe.
• I-ideological inquma imibono yezombusazwe kanye nokubuka kwezwe.
• I-subsystem yamasiko iyisethi yamamodeli ezombusazwe, amanani, ukuqondisa, izindlela zokuziphatha, izinhloso eziqondene nomphakathi. Yiyona polyculture eyenza ukuzinza kwesimiso sezenhlalakahle, ukuqhubeka kokuphila kwezombangazwe, ukuqhubeka kwezizukulwane zezombangazwe.

Uma sicabangela izinhlobo zezinhlelo zezombusazwe, khona-ke singahlukanisa:

• Izinqubo zezombusazwe ezithintekayo. Lezi yizinhlelo zohlobo oluvaliwe, ngokusekelwe emandleni eqembu elibusayo, okuyinto eyinhloko yesistimu. Umbuso umelelwa yizikhulu eziphethe ngokugcwele ukusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo yabasebenzi. Ukusabalalisa kufana nendawo yesikhundla emphakathini, futhi lowo muntu usezingeni eliphelele lokuhlanganiswa. Izinhlangano zomphakathi ziqhuba kuphela inqubomgomo yeqembu elibusayo. Noma yikuphi ukuphikiswa kukhishwa kakhulu.
• Izinhlobo zentando yeningi-yentando yeningi yezinhlelo zezombangazwe zibonakala ngokuvuleka. Bavumela impahla yangasese, ubudlelwane bemakethe emnothweni, ububanzi kanye nokukhona kohlelo lwezinkampani eziningi ezombusazwe, ukuziphatha komthetho kanye nokukhona kwezinhlangano zenkululeko. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zezinhlelo zezombangazwe zisho ubudlelwane babo bonke abadlali bezombusazwe ngesisekelo somthethosisekelo. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa izithakazelo ezibanzi zomphakathi wonke.
• Izinhlobo zesikhashana zezindlela zezombusazwe zihlukaniswa ngxube yezinkambiso nezinqubo ezithile eziphikisanayo (futhi ngezikhathi ezithile). Esikhathini sokuguquka, umakhelwane wobuningi nokungabeki kwezombusazwe, isifiso sokuguqulwa kanye nokuzama ukugcina uhlelo oludala kungenzeka. Umbuso ohlelweni lwezinguquko lungakhuthaza imibono emisha, silwela ukuguquka kombuso, noma ukuvimbela lesi simo.

Kunezinye ezinye izigaba zezinhlelo zezombangazwe. Abanye ososayensi bezombusazwe bahlukanisa abahlonishwayo-abaqaphele, abendabuko, abakhomanisi. Abanye bawahlukanisa abe yizwekazi laseYurophu, i-Anglo-American, isiqhwaga. Izindlela ezehlukene zisekelwe kwizigaba ezahlukene: ezombusazwe, ezokuphatha, ezomnotho.