I-China: ifomu likahulumeni. Ifomu likahulumeni e-China

Umbuso omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ngesikhathi esisodwa ungomunye wabadala kunazo zonke - ngokusho kososayensi, impucuko yayo ingaba cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu, kanti imithombo ekhona ebhalwe phansi ihlanganisa iminyaka eyi-3.5 eyedlule. Uhlobo lukahulumeni eChina luyisiphammethi yabantu base- socialist .

Ubudala beMao Zedong

Ngo-1949, amandla kuleli zwe adluliselwa eQembu lamaKhomanisi. I-TsNPS ikhethiwe, kanti uMao Zedong waba ngumongameli wayo. Ngo-1954 umthethosisekelo wamukelwa. Ngo-1956, emva kokunqoba kukaMao Zedong, izinqubomgomo "zokuhamba phambili" nezinqubomgomo "zokuxhumana" zaqala ukusebenza kuze kube ngo-1966, emva kwalokho "ukuguquka kwamasiko", okwashiwo ngo-1966, kwaqala (1966-1976). I-postulate yayo eyinhloko ukuqinisa umzabalazo weklasi kanye "nendlela ekhethekile" yaseChina.

I-PRC ihambe ngendlela ende, kufana nomlando we-USSR. Ukubusa kukaMao Zedong kungaqhathaniswa nesikhathi saseStalin eRussia, izinsizakalo zentsha ye-Red Guard kanye nokuvezwa kwalabo abaphikisana nabo bashukumisa iChina. Uhlobo lukahulumeni empeleni lwaluyibushiqela lobushiqela.

Ezweni ngaleso sikhathi, njengase-USSR ngesikhathi sikaStalin, kwakukhona ubuhlanga buntu. Phakathi nokuphila kukaJoseph Vissarionovich, ubuhlobo phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili nabaholi babo babenobungane kakhulu.

Izinguquko nokukhula komnotho

Eminyakeni emibili emva kokufa kukaMao Zedong (ngo-1978), uMthethosisekelo omusha wesithathu we-PRC wamukelwa, usasebenza, kanti neChina (uhlobo lukahulumeni lapho lushintshwa khona, empeleni luhlala lufanayo ngaphandle) lwangena esikhathini esisha. Ngonyaka ofanayo, uhulumeni wamemezela inkathi ethi "Ukuguqulwa Nokuvuleka" (hhayi ikakhulukazi okhathazekile, noma kunjalo nezombusazwe).

Kwakungenzeka ukuxazulula inkinga yokudla, ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha kanye nokukhula kweGDP. Izinhlalakahle zabantu zikholelwa ukuthi zithuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka edlule.

Ngo-2012-2013, uNobhala Jikelele weKhomishini yamaKhomanisi kanye nomengameli kwakuyi-Xi Jinping - lesi yisizukulwane sesihlanu sabaholi kusukela ekusungulweni kwe-PRC.

I-China yakudala

Ngokombono womlando, ngesikhathi segap ejwayelekile, izwe lidlule ngezikhathi eziphindaphindiwe zobunye nokubola. Ifomu lobukhosi likahulumeni waseChina lasendulo lalihlanjululwe ngezikhathi ngezikhathi zokuhlukaniswa kanye nokuba khona kwemibuso eminingi noma izikhulu, okwathi ngemva kwalokho baphinde babumbene ngaphansi kwegunya likaMbusi.

Idatha eqondile ngesikhathi sokuqala - i-Neolithic (12-10,000 BC), noma i- Stone Age - cha. Kuze kube manje, izibonakaliso ezimbalwa kuphela zitholakale ezibhekeni zesimasiko saseLunshan (ekuqaleni lapho ososayensi baqala cishe cishe abayizinkulungwane ezintathu BC).

Ngokwesiko lamaShayina, ama-demigods amathathu namakhosi amahlanu alawulwa yi-Ancient China. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo lukahulumeni aluzange lube yinkosi njengenkonzo - abaphathi babasindisa abantu babo futhi banakekelwa, futhi amandla adluliselwa kusuka kumbusi kuya encwadini enethalente kakhulu futhi ehloniphekile, hhayi enzalweni yegazi.

Ngemuva kokuthi "ababusi abahlanu" i-C-dynasty yenyuka esihlalweni sobukhosi, -Shan. Kukhona kakade imibiko ebhaliwe mayelana nalezi zinsuku zokugcina, kodwa-ke, ososayensi bacabangela nokuba khona kwe-C-dynasty kungenzeka ngempela.

"Sekuvele ..."

Ngemuva kokubusa kukaKhang uCuu kulandela. Ababusi babebuthakathaka, izikhulu zendawo zaqina. Ekugcineni, iNkosi uLi yagcwala ukubekezela kwabangaphansi kwakhe ngesihluku sakhe futhi yaqothulwa, emva kweminyaka engu-13 leli zwe libuswa izikhulu, lingenalo umbusi oyedwa. Ekugcineni, indodana kaLee yabuyela esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Lesi sikhathi saphela ngesikhathi sokuhlupheka, lapho kwakukhona ababusi abancane nezimbuso ezizimele. Ukuphela kwafakwa nguQin Shihuandi, ebumbene bonke ngaphansi kwesigunya sakhe futhi esungula inzalo entsha yeQin.

Umbusi omusha wakwazi ukwenza okuningi, kodwa izindlela zakhe zikahulumeni zazihlukumezekile. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kwavela impi yombango, eyaphela ngokusekelwa ngo-202 AD. E. Ubukhosi obusha - Han.

Umjikelezo waqhubeka nokunye noma okunye okuhlukile - emva kokuba uHan efika ngenkathi yezimbuso ezintathu, okwaphela ekufikeni kweJin Dynasty, kwaphinde kwafika ukuhlukana, ama-dynasties amasha (uSui noTang), abaphumelela nge-Age of 5 amadenari kanye nemibuso engu-10, ekupheleni kokubusa kweSanga.

Kwabe sekuthiwa amanye ama-dynasties amathathu kuze kube yilapho abameli beQin bekhuphukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, bebusa kwaze kwaba yilapho i-Empress Dowager isayina ukusola ngo-1911.

Isikhathi sokuphazamiseka nokuhlukunyezwa

Ngemuva kuka-1911 nangaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-PRC, leli zwe lahamba phakathi nenkathi yezingxabano kanye nezimpi zomhlaba ezimbili. I-Hyperinflation, ukubuswa kwabangaphandle kanye nensimu eyachithwa ngenxa yempi yesikhathi eside - yilokho okushiwo yiChina. Uhlobo lukahulumeni lapho abantu abavamile abafisa khona aluzange lubonakaliswe - umengameli owayengase abe khona wayefuna ukukhishwa umqhele, futhi ukuphikisana kwaqala embusweni.

Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kwe-PRC kwaletha ukuhleleka (nakuba kuqondile). Eminyakeni engama-60 nje kuphela, leli zwe liye laba ngumholi ekukhiqizeni izimpahla futhi liba namandla amakhulu okutshala izimali kanye nokusiza emnothweni kwamanye amazwe, kanye nethonya elanele ezinkambeni zamazwe ancike ekutheni, ngenkathi ehlala i-republic republic - esekelwe ezenzakalweni zamuva, uhulumeni I-PRC ayifuni ukushintsha noma yini lapha.