UNobhala-jikelele we-UN u-Annan Kofi: biography, imisebenzi, imiklomelo kanye nokuphila komuntu siqu

IZizwe Ezihlangene yasungulwa ngo-1945 futhi endleleni eya ekuthuthukiseni, sonke lesi sikhathi, yahlala isiqiniseko sokuthula nokuzinza. Ngezinye izikhathi indima yakhe yayibuthakathaka, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile yathola amandla. Njengenhloko yenhlangano yamazwe omhlaba, izimbangi ezivela emazweni amaningi zingabonakala. Ummeli wokuqala wabantu abamnyama base-Afrika nguKofi Annan.

Brief biography

U-Annan Kofi Atta ungowokuzalwa edolobheni laseKumasi eGhana. Ngaphambili, kwakuyi-koloni yeGreat Great Coast yaseGrithani. Ubaba wakhe ungumholi wesizwe samaFanti. Abantu besi sizwe bahlala eGhana kanye nenani labantu abangaba yizigidi ezimbili. Wafunda uNobhala-jikelele we-United Nations e-United States, wabe eseseGeneva Institute for International Studies (Switzerland), ngemuva kwalokho wathola isikhundla e-United Nations njengesikhulu sezempilo eNational Health Organization.

Wayeshade kabili, okwamanje umkakhe ungumakhelwane waseSwidi uNane Annan. Ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ukuthi indodana ka-Annan, uKojo, wasebenza nobaba ezindabeni ezithile.

Njengenhloko ye-UN

Indawo yenhloko yenhlangano enethonya enjalo yafika kuMnu. Annan hhayi ngokushesha. Ummeleli waseGibhithe, uBoutros-Ghali, wagijima esihlalweni, futhi isikhathi sakhe sokuqala ehhovisi saphela. I-United States ivotele ukhetho lwakhe, lithola ukuthi ayithandi. Ngakho-ke, u-Annan Kofi wakhethwa esikhundleni esiphakeme kangaka. Lesi simo sasinemibandela yezombusazwe: iBoutros-Ghali iphikisana nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu yi-NATO ngesikhathi sempi yaseBosnia, kanti i-US yayidinga omunye, ummeleli othembekile kakhulu wenhlangano.

Njengenhloko ye-UN, uKofi Annan wabizwa ngokuthi ungumguquleli. Naphezu kokuthi inguquko yayingenakwenzeka ukuqedela, imizamo yenziwa kakhulu. Isizathu sezinguquko azibiza ngokuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhlangano. Kwaphakanyiswa ukunciphisa inani labasebenzi bayo, ukusakazwa kwedokhumenti kanye no-secretariat. Noma kunjalo, zonke lezi zinhlelo zahlala kuphela ephepheni.

Ukukhuluma ngokungazi kahle kweNhlangano kwazwakala emaphethweni eNhlokokazi emuva kweminyaka yawo-90, abaholi bezwe abathile baqala ukuveza lo mbono ngezikhathi zoMkhandlu jikelele. Abanye ososayensi bezombusazwe bakhuluma ngomsebenzi ka-Annan wokusakaza lezi zindla ezingqondweni zabantu.

Ukuphila komuntu we-diplomate

U-Annan Kofi washada kabili. Umkakhe wokuqala wayengumakhelwane waseNigeria, uTitilol Alakije. Ngo-1981 banquma ukuphula isivumelwano sabo. Kusukela kulo mshado, u-Annan wayenabantwana ababili. Owesifazane wesibili we-diplomate kwakunguSweden uNana Maria Lagergren. Ungummeli wobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ngo-1983, uye wasebenza e-United States endlunkulu ye-UN, lapho eqhuba khona imvelo, ububha nezinye izinkinga zeminyaka eyizinkulungwane.

Kusukela emshadweni wokuqala uNana wakhulisa indodakazi yakhe. UmkaKofi Annan udume kakhulu eSweden, futhi ngemva kokujoyina oshade naye njengoNobhala Jikelele we-UN, wazibonakalisa njengomlweli wenkululeko namalungelo ezakhamuzi emhlabeni wonke. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uyindodana kaRaoul Wallenberg, idiplomat eyaziwa kakhulu eSweden, ngokusho komunye umbhalo wokuphila okulondoloziwe kwamaJuda amaningana ezinkulungwane ngesikhathi kuQothulwa Kwesizwe eHungary.

Imiklomelo ka-Annan nemiklomelo

UNobhala Jikelele we-UN uKofi Annan wanikezwa imiyalo ehlukene nemivuzo. Phakathi kwabo - i-Nobel Peace Prize ehloniphekile.

1. ENingizimu Afrika, wanikezwa umklomelo omkhulu wombuso - i-Order of Good Hope ngomnikelo wakhe ekuthuthukiseni ukubambisana neNingizimu Afrika.
2. Ngo-2002 wanikezwa umklomelo wombuso we-Ukraine - Order of Prince Yaroslav ohlakaniphileyo ngokwenza kwakhe siqu ekuthuthukiseni ukubambisana phakathi kwe-Ukraine nomphakathi wamazwe omhlaba.
3. Ngo-2002, lo mdiplomate wanikezwa umdanso wokukhumbula uKorchakov ovela eMnyango Wezangaphandle WaseRussia. Lona ngumklomelo omkhulu kunawo wonke weMnyango, owasungulwa ngokugubha iminyaka engu-200 kaKhansela kaHulumeni kanye neNkosana YaseSerene kakhulu u-Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov.
4. IKazakhstan yanikeza uMnu. Annan nge-Dostyk Order yezinga lokuqala. Ekuhunyushweni okuvela e-Kazakh "dostick" kusho "ubungane".
5. IRiphabhliki yaseKirghizia inikeze lowo odidlathi nge-Order of Manas yezinga lokuqala. Lona umklomelo omkhulu wombuso.
6. Uphinde wanikezwa u-Olof Palme, owatholwa yimpumelelo emkhakheni wamalungelo abantu eSweden.
7. Ngo-2001, wanikezwa uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel ngokufaka isandla sakhe ekuvuseleleni i-UN. Eqinisweni, umklomelo wanikezwa ukuzama ukuvuselela inhlangano nokuyibuyekeza.

Wayengamfanelekile uKofi Annan, umklomelo, noma kunjalo, akazange afike kuye ngamazwi angenalutho, kodwa abe nomthelela omkhulu embangela yeZizwe Ezihlangene.

Izitatimende zika-Annan

Izitatimende zakhe ezinzima kakhulu zihlobene nomqondo wokuguqula i-UN. Enye yazo iwukuthi: "Ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje, umthwalo wemfanelo usatshalaliswa ngokungafani phakathi kwamazwe athi: Amazwe ahluphekile nabuthakathaka angabizwa kalula, ngoba adinga usizo lwangaphandle, kepha amazwe amakhulu futhi anamandla okusebenza kwawo anomthelela omkhulu kwabanye angase avinjelwe ngokwabo Izenzo kuphela abantu bazo, ezisebenza ngezikhungo zabo zasekhaya. "

Abaningi bezombangazwe bavumelana nombono ka-Annan, kodwa iningi labo likholelwa ukuthi ukuguqula i-UN ngeke kuveze imiphumela uNobhala-Jikelele ayifisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezimpikiswano ezikholelwa ukuthi imisebenzi kaNobhala Jikelele emaphoyiseni kanye nezitatimende zakhe emva kokuhamba kwayo ihluke ngokuphelele. Lokhu, isibonelo, kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwezempi kwe-NATO e-Iraq, eyaqala ngo-2003. Ngaleso sikhathi, uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN wabhekana nezinkinga zabantu futhi akazange azame ukuvimbela ukuhlasela, njengoba kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-2004, emininingwaneni yeqiniso yase-US mayelana nezikhali zokuthi i-Iraq ibhubhise kakhulu. Ngo-2015, u-Annan wamemezela eMunich ukuthi ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq kwakuyiphutha futhi ngokuvamile kunomthelela ekusungulweni kwesisekelo samaphekula esiDenishi ensimini yaso.

Scandals

Ngesikhathi esese-UN, u-Annan wabhekana nochungechunge lwezinto ezimbi. Omunye wabo angadala unobhala jikelele ngokuthunyelwe, kodwa konke kuphelile. U-Annan wabhekana nohlelo lwe-UN lwamazwe ngamazwe lokudla, okwanikezwa iCotecna. Ngo-2004, lo mbiko ushicilelwe ulwazi lokuthi indodana kaNobhala Jikelele uKojo Annan wathola imali kwabamele abakwaCotecna. UKofi Annan waphika lezi zikhalazo, ezibiza ngokuthi zihlasele. Uphenyo aluzange lubonakalise uxhumano lwenkampani nomndeni wenobhala jikelele, kodwa izindaba zashiya isitembu idumela lakhe, futhi waze wacelwa ukuba ashiye.

Olunye uhlazo luphinde lwahlotshaniswa no-2004. Kuthiwa u-Annan ohlakaniphile waseBrithani u-Annan ucwaninga ngasese.

Ngemva kokushiya isikhundla sekhanda le-UN, u-Annan kuze kube ngu-2012 wasebenza ngaphansi kophahla lenhlangano njengesithunywa sokuthakazelelwa ezindabeni ezihlukahlukene. Okuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu komsebenzi wezombusazwe kumsiza namuhla.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

Abantu bakaFanti, okungukuthi u-Annan angowakhe, kubhekwa njengumnyama nomhlophe eGhana. Lokhu kungenxa yemfundo yamalungu amaningi esizwe kanye nesifiso semfundo.

Igama elithi "Kofi" lihunyushwa kusukela olimini lwesizwe ngokuthi "uzalwa ngoLwesihlanu". Lesi yisiko sasendulo sabantu.

UMnumzane u-Annan ngokwakhe ubheka kakhulu njengomculi odumile waseMelika uMorgan Freeman. Bavame ukudideka ngabadlula-emgwaqweni, lapho bobabili sebejwayele ukujwayela.

Umshana ka-Annan ubheke ithimba lebhola laseGhana egama lika-Anthony Annan. Udlala futhi neqembu lesiNorway iStabek.

"Izwe liye lashintsha"

Ngemuva koKofi Annan washiya isikhundla sakhe esiphakeme, waqhubeka nokuveza umbono wokuthi akuyona nje i-UN kodwa noMkhandlu wezokuPhepha kufanele uguquke. Ngakho-ke, lapho exoxisana neThe Guardian, u-Annan uthe amalungu ahlala njalo eMkhandlwini wezokuphepha we-UN kufanele athathe inqubo yokufaka amanye amalunga angunaphakade. Ngendlela, waphawula ukuthi ama-US noma iRussia ayikho isithakazelo kule ndaba.

Lo mbono wachaza ngokokuqala ngqa ngo-2004, emva kwalokho "impi" phakathi kwamazwe okuthunyelwa kommeli ohlala njalo. Ngokumelene nesinqumo ngokukhulisa, wonke amalunga angunaphakade eMkhandlwini wezokuPhepha we-UN avotele, naphezu kwamazwi ka-Annan ukuthi kumele sishintshe nezwe esesishintshile kakade.

Izingxoxo ekuxazululeni inkinga eSiriya

Omunye wabaxoxisana bokuqala ukubhekana nezindaba zaseSiriya kwakunguKofi Annan. I-biography yakhe yamvumela ukuba abe ngummeleli we-UN kuphela ngale ndaba, kodwa futhi uyaqhubeka nokunye okuningi. Kodwa-ke, akazange aphumelele kulokhu okuthunyelwe, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi impikiswano ngokwayo yayisesimweni se-limbo.

Namuhla sibona ukuthi uSteffan de Mistura usebenzelana kanjani nalolu daba eGeneva. Izingxoxo zinzima kakhulu, futhi bambalwa bakholelwa emiphumeleni yabo emihle. Namuhla, njengoMnu. Annan, kufanele sithembele kuphela ngokujwayelekile kobudlelwane phakathi kwezwe eliseduze nemibango emisha eminingi.