Iyini ibhomu le-phosphor? Amabhomu e-Phosphorus yimiphumela. Isenzo sebhomu le-phosphorus

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yezindiza eyayisetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi yokulwa, kwakudingeka izinhlamvu, ezikwazi ukubandakanya amabutho empi esitha ensimini enkulu. Amabhomu ahlambalaza avele ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Lawa angamadivaysi okuqala, aqukethe isitsha esinamafutha kanye nesibhamu sokungena emzimbeni, isisekelo esasiyi-cartridge evamile.

Emashumini angu-30 ekhulwini lokugcina, amabhola okuthiwa i-phosphoric amabhola asetshenziselwa ukuqhuma amabhomu. Ukugcwalisa kwabo kwakunjenge-phosphorus ephuzi njengama-granules olinganisa ama-15-20 mm. Ngesikhathi ibhola lichithwa, lashiswa, futhi eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo ezinjenge-phosphorus, igobolondo yayingasekho, iqhubekile, ihlanganisa imvula enkulu ngemvula evuthayo. Indlela yokupompa amapeleleti asetshenziselwa amathangi akhethekile ezindiza endaweni ephansi ebuye isetshenziswe.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, isintu saqala ukuzwa ukuthi ibhomu le-phosphorus lalifana kanjani nokuthi likhona namuhla. Kwakuyi-container egcwele ama-phosphoric amabhola anesisindo esingaba ngu-100 kuya ku-300 amagremu, enesisindo esiphezulu sethoni eyodwa. Ukuthunyelwa okunjalo kwahlelwa kusuka ku-2 km ubude futhi kwaqhuma amandla amamitha angu-300 ukusuka emhlabathini. Namuhla, amagobolondo aphethwe yi-phosphorus asebusweni ezinamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni ayingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlamvu zonke ezisetshenziselwa ukuqhuma amabhomu.

I-phosphorus emhlophe

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezivuthayo ezisetshenziselwa izinhlamvu ezishisayo, i-phosphorus emhlophe inendawo ekhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yamakhemikhali awo ahlukeneyo futhi ikakhulukazi ngokushisa okushisa kufike ku-800-1000 degrees Celsius. Esinye isici esibalulekile ikhono lalezi zinto ukuzibulala lapho uxhumana ne-oxygen emoyeni. Ukuvutha, i-phosphorus emhlophe iveza umusi obuthi obukhulu, obangela nokushisa kwe-airways yangaphakathi nokushisa komzimba.

Umthamo we-0.05-0.1 g ubulala abantu. I-phosphorus emhlophe ikhiqizwa ngobuciko ngokusebenzisana kwama-phosphorites noma ama-apatites nge-silika ne-coke ekushiseni kwama-degree ayi-1600. Ngaphandle kubonakala sengathi i-parafini, ikhubazekile kalula futhi inqunywe, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhlinzeka noma yimaphi amabutho. Kukhona futhi amabhomu agcwele i-phosphorus emhlophe. I-Plastification ifinyelelwa ngokufaka isisombululo se-viscous senjoloba yokwenziwa.

Izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ezihlaselayo ze-phosphoric

Namuhla, kunezinhlobo eziningana zezikhali, into elimazayo okuyi-phosphorus emhlophe:

• Ibhomu lamabhomu;
• AmaRobethi;
• Izikhali zamagobolondo;
• Ama-shells e-Mortar;
• Amabhomu amandla.

Okuyingozi kunazo zonke izinhlobo zokuqala ezimbili zamabhomu, ngoba zinamandla amakhulu okunye.

Iyini ibhomu le-phosphor?

Amabhomu anamuhla e-phosphorous yizinkampani zezindiza ezinesigodlo, ukugcwalisa amafutha njengama-phosphorus amhlophe noma ukuxuba okuxubile kokuxuba okuhlukahlukene, kanye nendlela yokushisa. Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuvumelana nendlela abaqhuba ngayo: emoyeni nasemuva kokuthinta ubuso. Eyokuqala iqhutshwa yi-detonator elawulwayo, esekelwe ekuphakameni okudingekayo kanye nejubane lokushayela indiza, lokhu kuqhuma ngqo phezu komthelela.

Isikhumba sebhomu lomoya elinjalo ngokuvamile senziwe nge-alloy engashiseki ebizwa ngokuthi "electron", ehlanganisa i-magnesium ne-aluminium, evuthayo kanye nomxube. Ngokuvamile, ezinye izinto ezivuthayo, isibonelo, i-napalm noma i-termite, zengezwa ku-phosphorus, okwandisa kakhulu ukushisa okushisayo komxube. Isenzo sebhomu le-phosphorus sifana nokuqhuma kwebhomu okugcwele nge-napalm. Ukushisa okushisa kokubili izinto kuyafana okufanayo (800-1000 degrees), kodwa i-phosphorus ne-napalm ezinhlamvu zanamuhla leli nani lidlula u-2000 ˚S.

Esikhalilweni soMbutho Wezempi wamanye amabutho, kukhona amabhomu asezindaweni eziqhumayo eziqhumayo, okuyiziqukathi ezikhethekile ezigcwele amabhomu amancane. Isiqukathi esilahliwe silawulwa yi-system on surveillance system futhi sivulwa, sisendaweni ethile yokuphakama, evumela ukuthi izinhlamvu ezisemqoka zifinyelele kulitshe ngqo ngokunembile. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ibhomu le-phosphorus isenzo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele ingozi ebangwa yizici zayo ezimazayo.

Izinto eziphazamisayo

Uma usebenzisa i-phosphorus emhlophe njengezinto ezivuthayo ezingabhubhisa ibhomu lomoya, kunezinto eziningana ezihlabayo ezitholakala:

• Ilangabi elinamandla kusukela ekushiseni kwenhlanganisela emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike ku-2000 ° C, okwenza kubangele, ukulimala okubi nokufa okubuhlungu;
• Igesi elinobuthi elivusa ama-spasms bese livutha umoya;
• Ukushisa oksijini endaweni yokufaka isicelo, okuholela ekusweleni;
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangelwa lokho akubona.

Ibhomu elincane le-phosphorus, elivuthwa endaweni ephakeme, lihlasela indawo engamamitha ayizi-100-200, ihlanganisa yonke indawo emlilweni. Ukuthola emzimbeni womuntu, izinhlayiyana zokushisa okushisayo kanye ne-phosphorus stick kanye nama-tissu eziphilayo. Ungayeka ukushisa ngokuvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen.

Amabhomu abalulekile e-phosphorus asetshenziselwa ukunqoba isitha, esisekuqaleni. Ingxube evuthayo efuthelwa ku-1500-2000 ^˚ C iyakwazi ukushisa phansi izikhali zempahla ngisho nasekhoneni lokukhonkolo, futhi ucabange ukuthi kule lokushisa umoya we-oksijini emoyeni uphelile ngokushesha, cishe akukho nethuba lokuphila, ukufihla phansi, ukudoba noma enye indawo yokukhosela.

Kwakungenxa yokuqothulwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseVietnam ezinokuthula zafa ngesikhathi esinye sezibhamu ze-US Air Force. Laba bantu bathola ukufa emgodini wangaphambi kokugubha, bengenayo inkomba mayelana nokuthi ibhomu le-phosphorus liphi.

Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwamapulazi e-phosphorus

Lapho i-napalm evuthayo ne-phosphorus, amakhemikhali amaningi adonsayo akhishwa emkhathini, phakathi kwabo i-dioxin iyinhloko enamandla enobuthi enezici ezinamandla ze-carcinogenic ne-mutagenic. Phakathi nomkhankaso weVietnam, amabhayisikili aseMelika asebenzisa ngokubambisana amabhomu ase-napalm nama-phosphorus. Imiphumela yemikhiqizo yomlilo yalezi zinto emzimbeni womuntu ingabonwa esikhathini sethu. Ezindaweni eziye zahlaselwa yizibhamu, ngisho nanamuhla abantwana abaneziphambeko ezinkulu kanye nezinguquko ezizalwayo bazalwa.

Ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kwamabhomu e-phosphorus

Amapulasitiki e-Phosphorus awahlukaniswa ngokusemthethweni njengezikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu, kodwa isicelo sabo silinganiselwe ku-UN Convention. Le dokhumenti ilawula ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngezinjongo zempi futhi ivimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezigameko ngokumelene nezinhloso zokuthula. Ngokusho kwe-protocol, amabhomu e-phosphorus ayavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinabantu kanye nasezindaweni ezizungezile, ngisho noma kunezikhungo zempi lapho.

Amaqiniso awaziwayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali zamaphosphorus esikhathini sethu

Phakathi nokusebenza kweKhamuchea ngawo-1980 ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ibutho laseVietnam lasebenzisa imicibisholo engenawo umsakazo ogcwele i-phosphorus emhlophe ukubhubhisa iKhmer Rouge. Amagobolondo e-phosphor asebenzayo asetshenziswa yi-ejensi yase-British intelligence ngo-2003 eduze kwedolobha laseBasra e-Iraq.

Ngemva konyaka e-Iraq, i-US Army isivele isisebenzisa amabhomu e-phosphorus empini ye-Fallujah. Izithombe zemiphumela yalokhu kubhomu okubonayo kulesi sihloko. Ngo-2006 nango-2009, ibutho lase-Israel lasebenzisa izinhlamvu zamaphosphorus phakathi neMpi Yesibili yaseLebhanoni, kanye naseGaza Strip ngesikhathi se-Operation Cast Lead.

Indlela yokuzivikela emiphumeleni yokushisa i-phosphorus

Ukuze bakwazi ukuzivikela ngokugcwele ezintweni ezilimazayo zezikhali ze-phosphorus, kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile uhlobo lwezikhali ezisetshenziswayo. Endabeni yokusebenzisa amabhomu e-phosphorus ngezindiza, ehambisana nentuthu emhlophe evuthayo futhi enomzimba ovuthayo noma ovuthayo emva kokuqhuma kwensimu, ngokushesha ushiye indawo ethintekile, uye endaweni engezansi.

Njengendawo yokukhosela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amakamelo ane-overlap eqinile kanye ne- ventilation ephoqelelwe. Uma lezo zindawo zingatholakali, kudingeke ukuba zisebenzise izindlu zokuhlala, iziqu, imikhomo, izimoto, zihlanganise nezindlela ezingalungile, ezifana nezensimbi noma izihlangu zokhuni, amabhodi, amatende, njll, njengoba kunikezwa ukuthi bazohlinzeka kuphela ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana.

Ukuze uvikele ipheshana lokuphefumula, sebenzisa ama-masks okuhlunga, iziphefumula noma indwangu ethambile ehlanjululwe kwisisombululo sokupheka i-soda. Uma ingxube evuthayo ishaya isikhumba noma isikhumba esicacile, kubalulekile ukucima ilangabi, ukumboza indawo ethintekile ngendwangu, kuvimbela ukufinyelela kwe-oxygen. Ngaphandle kwalokho ungadubula umlilo ngokugcoba, ngoba indawo evuthayo inganda kule nkinga. Ungagcini ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokuphathelene nokuphalaza ingxube enokushisa. Kumele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi izinhlayiya ezimhlophe ze-phosphorus ezimhlophe zingaphinda zishaye.