Portrait komlando uBrezhnev, izinguquko yakhe. I-portrait zezombusazwe zalo uBrezhnev (kafushane)

portrait Siqu nezombusazwe Brezhneva L. I.-mlando eziningi, abahlaziyi bezombusazwe izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje ngifuna kuhle edidayo. Ukuthola umuntu amandla kwaphawulwa boom enkulu kwezomnotho zase-USSR, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ngalesi sikhathi wabeka ngemuva ezaholela ekuweni amandla. Sizozama nokuzala portrait siqu nezombusazwe uBrezhnev. Isifinyezo Biography of the sikahulumeni unikezwa ngezansi.

lokuzalwa

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuchaza portrait zomlando ka uBrezhnev, emfushane kufanele ugxile zikhathi oluchaza yokuphila le nqubomgomo, kusukela ngezindlela eziningi baze ngokwemvelo kwesokunxele kunobufakazi abalulekile kwi ukwakheka ubuntu. Ngokwemvelo, kufanele uqale kusukela ekuzalweni.

L. I. uBrezhnev wazalwa ngo-1906 edolobhaneni Kamenka, elalisendlini sifundazwe Ekaterinoslav, ensimini ka-Ukraine yesimanje. Uyise wayengumGreki Ilya Y., nonina - Natalia Denisovna Mazalova. Bobabili abazali babeyizisebenzi, Russian ngobuzwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho Leonida Ilicha, umndeni sase sinezinye izingane ezimbili - Ukholo noJakobe, kodwa iye yazalwa kancane kamuva umfowabo abadumile.

kweminyaka engu

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu kanye ukuhlala isikhashana esigayweni uwoyela leonid Ilyich wangena Geodetic Technical School emzini eKursk, ngemva kwalokho ngo-1927 wasebenza njengendlela Umdabuli nezwe Umdabuli ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, futhi ngo-1930 lase kakade yiphini. inhloko yabangamashumi nokuphathwa kokusetshenziswa komhlaba lesifunda.

Ngo-1927, umshado senzeka L. I. Brezhneva noVictoria Denisova.

Ngo-1931 lapho engena khona, futhi kamuva iminyaka emine iziqu Institute for Engineering e Dneprodzerzhinsk isiqondiso, lapho afundela khona e-Faculty of kusihlwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo esebenza njengomshushisi locksmith. Phezu kokuthola uBrezhnev emsebenzini wakhe wesikole samabanga aphezulu ukhuphukele kakhulu. Ngo-1931 yena waba amabili nanhlanu yobudala waba yilungu leQembu LamaKhomanisi.

Ngemva kokuphothula wakhonza empini ngasendle Trans-iBaikal esifundeni, lapho wakhushulelwa kube umholi wezombangazwe. Ngemva kokuyeka isevisi ngo-1936, waba umqondisi ekolishi e Dneprodzerzhinsk.

Ngo-1937, uBrezhnev waqokwa yiphini lenhloko esigungu kwedolobha Dneprodzerzhinsk. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wathuthela phezulu isitebhisi party. Ngakho, ngo-1939 waba ngunobhala we yesifundazwe ekomidini party laseDnepropetrovsk esifundeni.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, uBrezhnev ngabuthelwa Red Army. Ekuqaleni, wasebenza ukugqugquzela izinyathelo, wabe eseba, uBrigadier Commissioner. Ekupheleni kwempi, wamiswa iNhloko Administration Political we 4th Ukrainian Front, olingana uMajor General.

isitebhisi Promotion party

Ngemva kwempi, leonid Ilyich baqhubeka intuthuko yakhe isikhundla esiphakeme umsebenzi ehhovisi party. Le nkathi kwaba nethonya elikhulu endleleni akha portrait komlando uBrezhnev.

Kakade ngo-1946 waba Inhloko Committee Regional Zaporizhzhya, futhi saya ngonyaka olandelayo wayiswa isikhundla ezifanayo lekomiti yesifunda Dnipropetrovsk. Kulezi izikhundla, wathola imiklomelo isimo kabusha ngemva kwempi ye esifundeni, kuhlanganise i the Order of Lenin.

Ngo-1950, Leonida Ilicha walinda nokwanda okuphawulekayo. Waba umholi weqembu elilodwa we-republic aseSoviet - iMoldavian SSR, okwakukhona kakade yokuma Echelon kuqala. Ngo-1952, naye wakhethwa kukomidi Central. Kodwa ngemva nje kokufa kukaStalin, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ebugqilini konke okuthunyelwe futhi ayimise kwenhloko yomnyango zombusazwe Navy. Ngo-1955, uBrezhnev futhi iba unobhala lokuqala enhlanganweni Party weRiphabhulikhi - ngalesisikhathi Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi kukhona Shag.

Kusukela ngo-1956, leonid Ilyich wasebenza likanobhala leKomiti Central kwathi ngo-1957 wakhethwa ukuba ehhovisi laMengameli walo mzimba.

Kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1964, leonid Ilyich wakhonza njengephayona inhloko Ephakeme KaHulumeni boPhezukonke. Ngakho kukhona kuze kube phezulu amandla e-USSR, ngokuthatha lwesithathu okuthunyelwe ebaluleke kakhulu kuleli zwe. I-portrait zezombusazwe zalo uBrezhnev yini ekubeni uhlaka ngokuya ecacile.

ukususwa Khrushchev sika emandleni

Lo mcimbi ukhiye oye wonakalisa portrait komlando uBrezhnev, kwaba ukususwa 1954 kanobhala lokuqala CPSU, ukuthi uyinhloko langempela isimo uNikita Khrushchev kusukela amandla.

Khrushchev akakujabulelanga uthando kakhulu abantu baseSoviet, futhi abaholi Communist Party cishe njalo kusukela wafika ngamandla babephikiswa ngempela eqinile ukuze Nikita Sergeyevich. abameleli ukuphikiswa Intraparty akakuthandanga isikhundla Khrushchev ku izinguquko emphakathini, kanye nezindlela zakhe zezomnotho kuhlulekile. UBrezhnev akazange ekuqaleni babengamalungu aleli qembu kwazise izikhulu zezinhlangano, ngisho ngo-1957, kusekelwa Nikita Sergeyevich, lapho azama, kodwa ahluleka ukususa kusukela ubuholi isimo.

Kodwa maphakathi nawo-60s isimo sashintsha. Ukuphikiswa Khrushchev, ngenxa yenqubomgomo yayo akukholisi nokuhluleka emsebenzini kwezomnotho, abaningi ukuqiniswa. Isidingo ushintsho kobuholi isimo uye bati, futhi leonid uBrezhnev. Kulesi ukukhanya, portrait zezombusazwe zalo uBrezhnev ke ubonisa ikhono lakhe ukuphendula izidingo izinguquko ezithile, kunokuba abanamathela setha ngokucacile futhi ossified Yiqiniso.

Initiators we itulo shift Khrushchev kwaba: ilungu party KaHulumeni N. V Podgorny, Umphathi wama-KGB V E. Semichastny, nangaphambili isikhundla efanayo unobhala A. N. Shelepin. UBrezhnev, nakuba yena wajoyina bakhi, kodwa akahambanga kule ndawo yomsebenzi. Nakuba, ngokusho kweminye imithombo, kusikiselwa ukuthi leonid Ilyich Semichastny ngokwenyama ukususa Khrushchev, wathola nokwenqaba.

I ubuholi beqembu, isola Nikita Sergeyevich ukuzikhethela dilettantism ehluleka inqubomgomo angaphandle kanye nezomnotho, ezihlongozwayo unobhala lokuqala party noma ngokuzithandela uyavumelana ukwesula konke okuthunyelwe noma ukushiya ehlazweni. Khrushchev wakhetha yangaphambili.

Ukuqokwa kuposi uNobhala lokuqala

Kwathiwa wanquma ukuhlukanisa yomnyango uNobhala Okokuqala LamaKhomanisi nenhloko uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe, ngaphambili bagxila kule izandla efanayo. On the okuthunyelwe kokuqala wamiswa L. I. uBrezhnev, kanti eyesibili - A. N. Kosygin.

Ekuqaleni, ubuholi beqembu futhi icabangela lezi zibalo ezimbili njengomuntu ebucayini, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho okwesikhashana, kodwa kwacaca ukuthi kamuva, lonke okuqinisekile ekuthuthukiseni kwaleli zwe namanye kuye kwahlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yabo. portrait komlando uBrezhnev ezihlobene nale nkathi.

emzabalazweni wezepolitiki

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, kwazise izikhulu zezinhlangano oluhamba kubhekwe ekutholeni L. I. Brezhneva kwaholela isimo njengoba kungokwesikhashana, ngakho kwadingeka akhuthazelele umshikashika onzima nabo ngaphakathi apharathasi party ukuba zizibonakalise wakhe ukuze aholele izwe. Ikhono ukuqhuba kuwumshikashika kangaka kuletha upende endaweni portrait komlando uBrezhnev.

Ngo-1967, thina yaqinisa ukungqubuzana phakathi uBrezhnev neqembu party, ezazihlanganisa Shelepin, Sevenfold, Podgorny futhi Egorychev. Leli qembu amalungu Party wanquma ukuthi kwase kuyisikhathi bayeke unobhala lokuqala "okwesikhashana", bese efakwa endaweni yayo Shelepin. Ngenxa yale njongo, inhlabathi iba palpable ngesimo izinkulumo emihlanganweni party nokugxekwa ngobala sezinqumo ezihlukahlukene uhulumeni. Kodwa leonid Ilyich sikhathi uqine futhi, ngokungafani Khrushchev, wakwazi ukuvimbela kulolo zungu.

Ngo-1967, A. N. Shelepin waxoshwa Secretariat leKomiti Central futhi isikhundla sokuba inhloko ye Zonke-Union Trade Unions, Egorycheva zashintsha ekubeni isikhundla uNobhala lokuqala egatsheni eMoscow LamaKhomanisi futhi wadluliselwa sephini. UNgqongqoshe Wezolimo, futhi kamuva wathumela yinxusa eDenmark. V. M. Semichastny kusuka kokuthunyelwe lwekhanda lalowo-KGB wayiswa uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe Ukraine SSR. Esikhundleni sakhe waqokwa indoda ethembekile uBrezhnev -. Yu V Andropov. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi-ke namanje endaweni eziningi abantu eduze leonid Ilyich, kokuthunyelwe uhulumeni phezulu. Lokhu Chernenko K. W., Tikhonov, N. A., Tsvigun SK, insipho eningi, NA et al. Lemisebenti kwabaningi babo eyahlotshaniswa emzini Dnipropetrovsk, okwakunginika isikhathi ukusho kamuva ukuthi uhulumeni we-USSR ayemisa "Dnipropetrovsk clan".

Umthetho wokugcina ngezitha eziyinhloko nkundla uBrezhnev zezombusazwe sekuqediwe NV Podgorny. Kwathi ngo-1977, lapho ngenxa yempilo engeyinhle Leonida Ilicha wesaba ukuthi Podgorny, owakhonza njengelungu Usihlalo KaHulumeni boPhezukonke, njengokwamukelekayo kungase kudle isikhathi sokuba uNobhala Jikelele. Kule ndaba, yena waxoshwa ngaphansi kwebhaxa umhlalaphansi.

kabusha

Ekhuluma portrait komlando uBrezhnev guqula yakhe, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi nakuba phakathi nokubusa kwayo isikhashana futhi kwenziwe inqubomgomo ashisekela izinguquko, kodwa hhayi lwenziwa isiqaliwe, leonid Ilyich. Injini eyinhloko emisha kwaba A. N. Kosygin, owakhonza njengelungu usihlalo we Council of Ministers. Lokhu okuthunyelwe zifinyelela ku isikhundla wamanje iNhloko Uhulumeni noma uNdunankulu kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphandle Ukukhuluma lokhu sikahulumeni akunakwenzeka ukuba ahlanganise portrait ephelele komlando uBrezhnev. inqubomgomo Domestic likaNobhala Jikelele, kunalokho, yayihloselwe ekulondolozweni umbuso ubudala, nakuba ecindezelwa izinkinga zomnotho leonid uBrezhnev futhi waphoqeleka ukuba bamukele iziphakamiso Kosygin okwesikhashana.

Nakuba Kosygin, ngokungafani Shelepin, wayengekho ngxabano ngqo uBrezhnev, kodwa kwaphawuleka ukuthi iningi izinyathelo ziqondakala uNobhala Jikelele ku okungekuhle.

izinguquko Economic ngo-1965, lapho behlela emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama Kosygin kwekuhlela kabusha ukushabalalisa emizimbeni ukuhlela zesifunda, wanciphisa inani amatshe ukunwetshwa ukuzimela amabhizinisi ngabanye. Izinkomba main wamabhizinisi babé nenzuzo kanye zabo kahle.

Ukunwetshwa yokuzimela wamabhizinisi wayengazange uthanda ngesilwane esifuywayo party, eliholwa L. I. uBrezhnev. portrait zomlando ka umholi njengoba isikhathi esibonakala ukubukwa sasivumela olandelanayo. Shono lwenqubomgomo yomphakathi ngaleso sikhathi, ngokungafani kuya Khrushchev ncibilika, okuthiwa i-neo-Stalinism, kanye nemicimbi zomnotho kuleli zwe - yokujama tsi. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-70-yalolucwaningo ka izinguquko eziqhubekayo Kosygin waqala avale phansi, izindlela zikahulumeni nokuphathwa okuqinile umnotho waqala isilandelwa njengakuqala.

Ukwenqaba wokuguqula nciphisa kusengaphambili kwezomnotho zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wase-USSR

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwaba esikhathini uBrezhnev lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila yezakhamuzi eSoviet Union ifinyelele engakaze ibonwe eziphakeme. Abantu abaningi, pozhivshie ngalezo zinsuku okuhambisana nokukhumbula izikhathi ezidlule yokujama tsi njengendlela "yokuchuma".

Kodwa ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu ubengase izuzwe "ukudla kude" zalabo izinqolobane eziye beyiqongelele eSoviet Union ngesikhathi izinkathi odlule ngenxa yokuzikhandla abamele abantu abavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba phansi uBrezhnev ingxenye enkulu ye izimali ukuthi nokukhishwa uwoyela ukunikeza, amasheya abalulekile olwaqala okumelwe zithuthukiswe kuleso eSiberia. Inqobo nje kuze kuphele 70s intengo umthombo belilokhu liphakeme, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezomnotho namandla. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, leli qiniso iboshelwe umnotho amanani kawoyela, kusukela ekuqaleni 80s lapho kuwa inani legolide black bekulokhu yezimbangela ezaba nomthelela ukuwa kwezomnotho.

Futhi ukuphelisa ituthuko engakalungi we uBrezhnev inkathi kwaba ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele kwezinye imikhakha yezomnotho nokusweleka kwabanye.

inqubomgomo angaphandle

Ekuqaleni wakhe wokubusa uBrezhnev sibhekene kwavukelwa eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia, okwakubekelwa aqondiswe USSR, ukulawula langempela yezwe. Wathatha isinqumo esiqinile ukuthumela amasosha aseSoviet yangenisa eCzechoslovakia yokuqeda lokho kuvukela. Ngakho wakwazi ukugcina ithonya iSoviet Union ngo-Eastern Europe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqaleni 70s kwasho ukuzinza of ubudlelwano ne-United States. Umongameli wase-America ngisho wavakashela eMoscow.

Isimo sashintsha ngemva 1979, lapho iSoviet Union wathumela amasosha e-Afghanistan. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni sibukisise ubudlelwano phakathi eU.SSR futhi West bulimele nge bang, neSoviet Union yethulwa eziningi unswinyo.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo zokuphila lakhe L. I. Brezhneva neminyaka yokugcina babonakala izinkinga zezempilo abalulekile. Yena isifo senhliziyo eziningana nemivimbo eziyisiprofetho ezazithinta amakhono aso engqondo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayenakho eziluthayo amaphilisi elele, ngaphandle kwalokho quthu.

Kusukela 70s sekwephuzile, uBrezhnev ayikwazanga ukuhola isimo kanye nohulumeni wezwe eqinisweni sekudlule ezandleni umbuthano lakhe elingaphakathi, kuyilapho leonid uBrezhnev wahlala uNobhala Jikelele kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

ukufa

Abafile L. I. uBrezhnev ngo-November 1982, kwelinye Cottages yayo. Njengoba kunqunywa udokotela, ukufa kwakhe kwakubangelwa ukuboshwa inhliziyo. owalandela wayefisa uNobhala Jikelele akazange amgagule, ngakho izwe wayelinde umzabalazo omusha ngoba amandla.

Leonid uBrezhnev wangcwatshwa Red Square.

izici Jikelele

Masizame akhombisa portrait zezombusazwe zalo uBrezhnev. Kafushane, sakhuluma ngokuthi mlando ezinkulu yomlando wakhe ukuthi kuzosiza walala isithombe ngalokulingene.

Leonid uBrezhnev wayeyindoda ukubukwa ngoludala, esikoleni ubudala. Ngezindlela eziningi, wayengeyena enozwelo Inqubomgomo kukaStalin, nakuba ngokusemthethweni izimilo ke akazange alinge. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngezinye izikhathi yaphawula ukuthi wakwazi ukuba bayihlole kabusha imibono yayo ngaphambili, futhi eguquguqukayo ekushintsheni isimo. Kodwa nge yobudala, leli khono sizivumelanise nezimo uBrezhnev yayiya ngokuya, futhi ngasekupheleni ukuphishekela kulondolozwe oludala, kungakhathaliseki izinguquko zangaphandle, eshiwo ngokucacile ngaphezulu.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuze kufezwe umgomo oyinhloko we uBrezhnev wayezimisele ukuthatha izenzo kukhona ngqo ephikisana kwezinkambiso olwamukelwa zokuziphatha.

Kodwa kumelwe siyaqonda ukuthi lo mfanekiso okungokomlando uBrezhnev, ngokuvumelana algorithm, esihlelwe ngomumo kusengaphambili, ngeke isebenze lokuphinda, njengoba kwakunjalo sibalo ngempela egqamile futhi impikiswano emlandweni wezwe.