Armored isitimela ujantshi umlando, incazelo, isithombe

Isizukulwane esidala baseRussia kahle ukukhumbula amagama eculo ethandwa esisodwa: ". Singabantu abanokuthula, kodwa isitimela sethu armored imi zamapulangwe" It isakhiwo armored - hhayi nje iyunithi ukulwa, futhi uphawu amabutho isimo. Kuyamangaza-ke yini ukuthi ezinsukwini zethu izwi akaphelelwa udumo, zinjalo ngisho indlu owaziwa kakhulu ukuphrinta okuthiwa. Armored zemininingwane sesitimela - okuqinisekile emlandweni futhi inkumbulo ke ayohlala. Bavelaphi kithi inqaba enamasondo?

I ucwaningo lokuqala ukusebenzisa izitimela armored

Umqondo usebenzisa isitimela njengoba mobile wezikhali ibhethri uvele eFrance ngo 1826, lapho izwe esezwe indaba yokudalwa kwendawo wokuqala eNgilandi Ujantshi. Kodwa akekho sina it is hhayi abasabela ngayo, futhi isitimela isitimela sokuqala wangena iziqubu kuphela 1848, lapho amabutho Austrian kwadingeka ukuvikela inhloko-dolobha yakhe Hungary.

Nokho, lokhu okwenzeka, nakuba yimpumelelo, akabanga eyalandela, futhi waqaphela ngokugcwele umqondo kakade e-US ahamba phezu kolwandle enza ngesikhathi kulwiwa (1861-1865). Kwakuthinta iqalwa American jikelele umsuka Russian ivan vasilevich Turchaninov, owaziwa kakhulu ngegama lakhe American Dzhon Bezil Turchin.

Ukubeka amapulatifomu kajantshi namathuluzi kahle armored (ukuvalwa) ka amasaka ngesihlabathi, yahlatshwa ehlaselwa etholakala eduze ujantshi amathrekhi isikhundla ibutho elinenzondo ka northerners. Umthelela kangangokuba ukusetshenziswa wezikhali ezisekelweni kuba umkhuba ovamile, futhi kamuva, lapho isitimela isitimela kwavunyelwana eziningi by wamabutho emhlabeni, ukuthi babé yinto ebalulekile ingxenye yalo.

ukuqhubeka izinhlobo ezintsha kwezikhali

EYurophu, umqondo sheathe railcars zempi ipuleti, kodwa ngaphakathi wezikhali indawo izibalo izibhamu necebo unjiniyela French Mougins. Kodwa inkinga kwakungekona ukuthi nojantshi ewumngcingo-gauge kunazo zonke ngalezo engafanele yokudlula esiminyaminyeni sezimoto kubo izingoma, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kungenzeka kuphela uma kukhona ithrekhi injongo-wakha, okwenza kube nzima kuphrojekthi.

Ngendlela evamile ye-armored isitimela ujantshi kithi, umlando lapho ngaleso sikhathi lalinabashumayeli cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka iye yasetshenziswa Anglo-Boer War of 1899-1902. Borax kabanzi yabashokobezi amacebo, ngokungazelelwe ehlasela isitimela nezinhlamvu nokudla futhi ngokwenza kanjalo zeqa nokuhlinzekwa izicucu abaphikisi sika. Kulezi zimo, inqaba armored ngamasondo wazibonakalisa indlela ephumelela kakhulu ivikela ukuxhumana yebutho ngesiNgisi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isitimela isitimela, ayehlome ngokuqhubekayo ngcono, isibe ilungu esisemqoka zonke izimpi ezinkulu izingxabano zempi.

isimemezelo sasebukhosini

Eminyakeni esandulele kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amabutho cishe zonke European kwadingeka arsenal armored kwesitimela sakhe, futhi ekuqaleni imisebenzi yezempi baqala ukunyathelisa yabo okwandile olunzulu. Ngo-1913, loMhlabathi uMbusi uNicholas I yayala ukuqala ukukhiqizwa izitimela armored ezihambayo ngesisekelo ngentuthuko lobuchwepheshe eyenziwe onjiniyela Russian KB Krom futhi M. V Kolobovym. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, phakathi kwempi, ezinhlanu zalezi izitimela wangenela inkonzo ezakhiwe isikhathi izingxenye ujantshi, futhi ngokushesha wanezela ezimbili.

Armored Yombango

Kuyaziwa ukuthi armored isitimela ujantshi yaba enye yezindawo Amatshwayo kulwiwa. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane, njengoba kule nkathi usezuze anencazelo ekhethekile engqondweni umzabalazo munyu ukulawula phambi imizila supply. Armored futhi ogcwele ngezibhamu izingoma lawa abehlome ngezibhamu cishe wonke amaqembu alwayo. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezifana lwabonakala ngokushesha nokushiyeka zabo eziyinhloko.

Ngenxa bulkiness isitimela armored kuyinto target esilungele isitha wezikhali, futhi ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa lempi - futhi zezindiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhamba kwabo kuncike ngokuphelele isimo ujantshi amathrekhi, ngakho ukuqeqesha ngokugcwele stop kwakwanele ukuba ayibhubhise ngaphambili futhi lingena mahlanze.

Kule ndaba, isitimela ujantshi ngamunye armored, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto nakanjani sokucasuka isitha izindlela ezinjalo, platform unomsebenzi komzila esikhululekile, belele futhi kudingekile hardware obandayo, nethimba kufakwe abasebenzi putejtsy. Ilondolozwe Kahle idatha ezithakazelisayo: ngesandla ukulungisa nabasebenza cishe wakwazi ukuthola i-kuze kube amamitha amane komgwaqo amahora. umkhiqizo okunjalo bavunyelwe uqhube ukunyakaza Ukwakheka nge okungenani ukubambezeleka.

Armored Red Army

isitimela I iRed Army sika armored wathola isicelo ebanzi ngokulinganayo, kanye nganoma abaphikisi babo. Ekuqaleni kwaba nobutha kwakunjalo uhlelo kokuqala, ngakwesokunxele ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I, kodwa njengoba imizamo yempi zazingenawo wethulwa ukukhiqizwa okuthiwa "ngokwesivumelwano" onobuhle, okuyizinto ezivamile umgibeli noma yizimpahla izitimela nge unamathisele kubo zempi ipuleti lokutsiwa izibhamu. Ukudalwa isitimela armored enjalo kwakungadingi imidwebo eyengeziwe futhi wathatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Kuphela 1919 ke wakwazi ukuqala ukukhiqizwa langempela ukulwa izitimela. Lwathi luphela kulwiwa, Red Army ayesenabo amayunithi namashumi amabili.

Ngemva kwempi, abaningi babo babekhonza kabusha iguqulwe izinjongo zokuthula, okuyinto eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu ekusabalaliseni amabutho isitokwe ujantshi. Nokho, namathathu banesifo esibi, saqhubeka ku kokukhululwa kwabo, kodwa kucatshangelwa izidingo washintsha. Ikakhulukazi, umuntu omkhulu okwandile bronevagony broneploschadki futhi bronedreziny. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, bavame ayenendawo ngezibhamu anti-aircraft futhi izibhamu, futhi ayehloselwe ukuvikela izitimela ekuhlaselweni isitha emoyeni.

nabavoti i isitimela armored

Ngalokho kwaba zakudala armored isitimela ujantshi? Izithombe okusesihlokweni esithi ukukhombisa isakhiwo kunalokho enamandla. Okokuqala, isakhiwo esinjalo kwaba ifakwe injini ogama umsebenzi wawenziwa eziqondisa zempi injini, diesel kamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona esiyisibopho izimoto eziningana armored noma izinkundla ibekwe izingalo zabo. Lokhu kungaba wezikhali izinhlelo, umshini kwagcizelela isibhamu izibalo, futhi kamuva iziqhumane. Isikhathi esining impela, i armored isitimela ujantshi has ukubunjwa yayo yesikhulumi indawo esincike kuyo kwaku amandla ophilayo ngoba ukuthuthela khona endaweni impi.

Naphezu igama layo, izitimela armored awazange njalo agodliwe kuphela zempi. Ngezinye izikhathi blindirovanie izimoto ezisetshenziswa, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa yabo ngokusebenzisa amasaka ngesihlabathi ezinabantu phama kanye amashidi. Ngokufanayo ekhiqizwa uthango lokuvikela isibhamu kanye kokwehla ezisekelweni. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-izitimela German armored futhi elahlanganiswa ngengxenyekazi amathangi, ogama msebenzi kwakuyilungelo elingakanani ukusekela ukufika.

Izici izitimela armored ku forties

Ke kwabakho eziklanyelwe izitimela armored oyibhalayo eziklanyelwe ukuze kuvikeleke ebalulekile izinto amasu (amabhuloho, izimboni, izikhali emafektri nokunye. D.), Sise ibanga kusuka yayibambene kodwa sendaweni eyamukela izindiza isitha. engavamile wabo itholakala design, elungiselelwe ukuze kuxoshwe ukuhlaselwa emoyeni. Bona lalinabashumayeli i esitimela armored futhi armored bay nge ahlukahlukene anti-aircraft izikhali. Bronevagony kuzo, njengoba umthetho, lingekho.

Esikhathini forties ekuqaleni kwakukhona ukwehlukaniswa Ibutho armored, okuyinto laba bebehlome ngezibhamu railcar armored ebuthweni laseSoviet. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi lelo nani lase lenyukele kakhulu, futhi sasihlanganisa ujantshi flak amabhethri, futhi posted on izitimela. Umsebenti wabo, njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule, lwalulinganiselwe ikakhulu lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka kwezokuxhumana kanye Ukuqhubeka elandelayo izitimela. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngaleyo minyaka izitimela engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili armored esebenze nojantshi.

amabutho sesitimela e ngemva kwempi

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, ukubaluleka izitimela armored unqabile ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha izimoto zempi. Kuze 1953, yayisetshenziswa ikakhulukazi Ukraine, ngokuhamba ezempi ngokumelene UPA, njalo afeze ukuhlaselwa ujantshi izindawo ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, ngo-1958 uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe wase-USSR wakhipha isinqumo ku ekunqanyulweni kwe ukuqhubeka lolu hlobo amasosha, futhi ekupheleni zamashumi amahlanu izitimela armored ziye empini ngokuphelele.

Kuphela yoma, ngenxa eziya ziba zimbi of ubudlelwano ne China, sixoxe kufaneleka ukusebenzisa Trans-iBaikal futhi Far izifunda Eastern lempi izitimela ezinhlanu armored, njalo sihamba endleleni emngceleni. Kamuva esetshenziswa ukuxazulula izingxabano e Baku (1990) kanye Nagorno-Karabakh (1987-1988), okwathi ngemva kwalokho athunyelwa kumila zokuhlala unomphela.

Missile base phezu komzila

Modern ujantshi wesitimela kwaba zifana kancane ukuze ababengaphambi zabo wathola udumo ngesikhathi izimpi esidlule. Namuhla lesi sakhiwo, ifakwe missile izinhlelo uyakwazi ukushaya sezikhali zenuzi futhi iyiphi nalemigomo ebekelwe ngesikhathi lemfisha ukushintsha indawo ukuthunyelwa.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lena design ngokuyinhloko entsha yezobuchwepheshe, ngoba kuye, kodwa-ke, ukugcina igama ajwayelekile - isitimela zempi. Izincwajana zemininingwane, okuyinto ebalulekile eyaba base nangomcibisholo, sibonga ukuhamba salo nobunzima eside ukuthola ngisho ngosizo iziphuphutheki.