IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ingenye izimpi sikhuthazela kakhulu futhi esibalulekile emlandweni, esibonakala ngokuchitha igazi okukhulu. Wabe iminyaka engaphezu kwemine ayichitha, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kwaba khona abangu-amazwe amathathu nantathu (87% labantu emhlabeni), ngubani ngaleso sikhathi ubukhosi isimo.

Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (kosuku lokuqala - June 28, 1914) anikeza ugqozi kumiswa amabhlogo amabili: Entente (eBrithani, eRussia France) Triple Alliance (e-Italy, eJalimane, e-Austria). Impi waqala ngenxa nentuthuko engalingani ohlelweni isicebi at esiteji imperialism kodwa futhi ngenxa kuwukuphikisana Anglo-German.

Izimbangela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yilezi ezilandelayo:

1.Krizis umnotho womhlaba.

2. phakathi kwe izithakazelo Russia, eJalimane, eSerbia, kanye UK, France, Italy, Greece kanye Bulgaria.

Russia ubelokhu ezama ukufinyelela ezilwandle, England - buthaka eTurkey kweJalimane neFrance - ukubuyela uLorraine Alsace, esikhundleni salokho, iJalimane yayiphakathi umgomo ukuthatha elaseYurophu futhi Middle East, Austria-Hungary - ukuqapha isitsha omgwaqo kolwandle, futhi Italy - ukuthola ukubusa esikhathini eningizimu Yurophu futhi iMedithera.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kucatshangwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ewela June 28, 1914, lapho Serbia ubulele indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi Franz. Unentshisekelo alungise impi, Germany baqhatha uhulumeni Hungarian ukwethula ugwayi katiki ukuba Serbia ukuthi kusolwa ukuthi kuphula ubukhosi bayo. Lokhu ultimatum kwaqondana iziteleka mass Petersburg. Kukulo muzi lapho uMongameli French ufikile nokuqhuba ukwenzela impi Russia. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, Russia weluleka Serbia ukugcwalisa ugwayi katiki, kodwa 15 Julayi neMpi Serbia kwathiwa Austria. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukugqugquzela Russian kwamenyezelwa, kodwa Germany ifuna ukukhansela lezi zinyathelo. Kodwa uhulumeni tsarist enqaba ukuvuma nale mfuneko, ngakho ngo-July 21 eJalimane uye impi Russia.

Ngezinsuku ezizayo empini ngokufaka kwamazwe main European. Ngakho, ngo-July 18, impi ingena France - abakhulu sizana waseRussia, bese England iqale impi ngo-Germany. Italy kubhekwe kunesidingo ukumemezela hlangothi.

Singasho ukuthi impi kweso ube pan-European, futhi kamuva izwe.

Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe I kungenziwa libhekene ekuhlaseleni amabutho aseJalimane ebuthweni France. Besabela kuleso simemo, Russia wethula kwamabutho amabili ku-ihlasele uthwebule yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Lokhu okuhlaselayo kuqale ngempumelelo ngo-August 7, ibutho Russian inqobe empini Gumbinemom. Nokho, maduzane nje, ibutho waseRussia labanjwa futhi kwaba yilowo nalowo etendeni amaJalimane angasiboni. Ngakho le ngxenye best yempi Russian labhujiswa. Okusele waphoqeleka ukuba siphumele ngaphansi kwengcindezi lesitha. Kufanele wathi lezi zenzakalo ziye zasiza ukunqotshwa French amaJalimane empini emfuleni. Marne.

Kuyadingeka ukuba uqaphele indima impi Galician phakathi nempi. Ngo-1914 kwakunabamemezeli Gilitsii impi enkulu phakathi amayunithi Austria futhi Russian. Le mpi yaba izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nanye. Ekuqaleni, ibutho Russian kunzima kakhulu ukuthi singamelana nokucindezela ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, kodwa ngokushesha amabutho yaphuma ocasulayo, ibutho Austrian kwadingeka ashona. Ngakho, impi Galician yaphela nge ukunqotshwa okuphelele kwezinhloko zamaviyo Austro-Hungarian, futhi ngaphambi kokuphela kwempi Austria wayengakwazi ungasuki buhlungu ezinjalo.

Ngakho, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe ebangela 1914. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa iminyaka emine, ke kwaba khona abangu-3/4 zenani labantu abakhona emhlabeni. Ngenxa yezinto empini wanyamalala imibuso emine ezinkulu: Austro-Hungarian, isiRashiya, isi-German kanye WaseTurkey. It balahlekelwa cishe abayizigidi ezingu-nambili kubantu, ikhumbula yizakhamuzi, amahlanu nanhlanu kwezigidi ezingu balimala.