Le ndoda - nomzingeli noma uhlaza? Ukuqhathanisa ezidla kanye ezidla uhlaza

Indoda ingena iqembu eziphilayo heterotrophic, izimpawu uhlobo okuxubile ukudla, kuye ngomuntu ngamunye izintandokazi ukudla, amasiko nezinkolelo zakhe.

Zaziziningi izilwane zisebenzisa inyama isisulu. Cleavage kanye ukumuncwa imikhiqizo yayo kwamazinyo Kwenziwa wokugaya ukudla ukuxabana ezithile. Kuyefana nasendleleni kokudla izilwane: ipheshana yabo emathunjini elinesimo iqoqo ngezici ezithile. Engingakusho nje ezithakazelisayo iyona Ukwakheka kohlelo womuntu wokugaya ukudla:-ke ufana kancane ukuze pheshana emathunjini of carnivores kanye ezidla uhlaza. Kulesi sihloko siqhathanisa izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye ezidla uhlaza, kanye ukuchaza izici of ukugaya womuntu.

Yini nokwezilwane

Organisms lenye isilwane ezidla, eyaziwa okuhlukile njengoba ibona izilwane eziyingozi. Lezi zihlanganisa mayelana 270 zinhlobo suborders futhi caniformia feliformia. Abanye abameleli emhlabeni isilwane asetshenziswa ukudla like inyama nohlaza. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi omnivores. Zaziziningi izilwane squad, kungenjalo ukubizwa ngokuthi izilwane. Kukhona iqembu eziphilayo, ezifana onogwaja, shrews, grey rat, yenkawu, okuyinto ngezikhathi ezithile zisizakala ngezinyamazane nezinye izilwane, kodwa cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe asetshenziswa izitshalo ukudla noma izinto ezifile. Ukuhlukaniswa izilwane ku carnivores, ezidla uhlaza futhi omnivores kunalokho ezingafanele. Uhlobo olufanayo wangena kwezimo ezingajwayelekile kwemvelo, ungakwazi ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo, ukujwayeza kanye nokuthumela bazama ukuqhubeka bephila.

Izindlela Human Nutrition

Ziyakwazi ahlukahlukene futhi kulindeleke, ngaphezu kwakho konke, amasiko kazwelonke kanye namasiko kanye nezici ngamanye. Isakhiwo yokwakheka komuntu ngekuya kweluhlelo yayo wokugaya ukudla kuqinisekiswa yokuthi neminyango yayo ehlukahlukene bayakwazi athutha ugaye, sokudiliza kanye inhlabamkhosi ukudla kokubili umsuka yemifino kanye isilwane. Lokhu kusikisela lesi siphetho: impendulo embuzweni othi lokhu indoda nomzingeli noma uhlaza isilwane, ngeke categorical. Ukuze sithole izimpendulo, siphendukela izici yokwakheka kanye morphological isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ka herbivorous, izilwane ezidla ezinye kanye nabantu, uyiqhathanise.

Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene ka carnivores kanye ezidla uhlaza

Isakhiwo eqondile uhlelo iqala emlonyeni nomzingeli futhi izici dentition yayo, okuyinto, ezimweni eziningi, has uhlobo geterodontny. Lihlanganisa amazinyo, canines, premolars futhi molars. On nemengamo yamazinyo une diastema, okuyinto abangela zamkoobraznoe lokuvala canines. Ngokungafani nezilwane herbivorous futhi abantu, abahlukumezi ngamathe iqukethe Amylase, futhi kusho yemifino isitashi akuyona wajinge wanamatsela emlonyeni. Animal Umlomo oluthatha kakhulu ikhanda osayizi. Lokhu kubalulekile ikakhulu phakathi nokuhlasela ku isisulu nokudla wayo.

Ezidla uhlaza unayo izici ezilandelayo mouthparts: a umlomo omncane, izindebe kwemisipha ne ulimi abathintekayo nokuhlafuna ukudla kancane, eziyinkimbinkimbi engu- ukuhamba mandible. Amazinyo abakalungiselelwa umahluko futhi ngamathe iqukethe Amylase futhi maltase for kokudla esiswini isitshalo carbohydrate. ezincelisayo herbivorous abe esiswini multi-ekamelweni. nezigaba zawo ngokuthi rumen, reticulum, omasum futhi abomasum.

Mouthparts nasesiswini ezincelisayo

Ukuhlafuna ukudla isilwane noma nemifino imvelaphi kwenzeka nge geterodontnogo uhlobo amazinyo. Amathe ithwala amabhangqa amathathu nezindlala. Ngamathe, efana ezidla uhlaza, iqukethe Amylase. Isakhiwo yokwakheka umuntu, ngokuphathelene uhlelo lwayo wokugaya ukudla, libhekene izici ezilandelayo: ngobugebengu ukudla phansi umlomo ngaphansi isenzo enzyme proteolytic, bolus, kanye esiswini siqala wajinge wanamatsela ngu pepsin, lipase, gastrin. Ngokungafani nalabo abanukubeza izingane kokuba ne-asidi eningi of juice esiswini, pH esiswini elilingana muntu ovamile 4-5. Single-chamber esiswini, ngaphansi voluminous kunobukaJohane carnivores kanye ezidla uhlaza. Kususelwa isakhiwo izingxenye ezishiwo ngenhla wokugaya ukudla, umbuzo womuntu-esidla inyama noma uhlaza, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi, e yokwakheka yayo namakhono bokuphila ine izici kokubili ezidla uhlaza nasezilwaneni eziyingozi.

Izinqubo esiswini ezidla libhekene izici ezilandelayo: amaseli azungeze ingaphakathi esiswini, secrete esiningi chloride acid, ezivikela abolile izinqubo. enzyme Proteolytic bakhuthele, ukubhidlika kwalo ukudla esiswini ngesikhathi pH ngaphansi kuka 3 ke juice.

izici yokwakheka bokuphila emathunjini amancane

Ukukhathazeka, ngaphezu kwakho konke, inani layo. izilwane herbivorous babe emathunjini amancane mude izikhathi 25 kuka umzimba wabo namathumbu ruminant ifinyelela amamitha 50. Abahlaseli, ukusuthisa okusezingeni eliphezulu ikhalori inyama ukudla, abe short amathumbu ngokwanele ezincane (nje izikhathi 5-6 lungaphezu umzimba). Ubude villus ndawo, jejunum futhi ileum ulwelwesi ingxenye nokuqinisekisa ukumuncwa glucose, amino acid, ama-fatty acid kanye glycerol e ezidla uhlaza kuyinto 14 m ^2, ngo ruminants 17 m ^2, umuntu 12 m ^2. Umthamo we eyohlobo kokudla emathunjini, ngokuthi chyme. He is ezidla uhlaza ikakhulukazi ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, chyme imisiwe isikhathi eside e cecum yabo.

Izacile emathunjini womuntu

Libhekene ngalolo ukugayeka kukhona asebenzayo kakhulu (izinsuku 2-3 amalitha zabelwe juice emathunjini), amaphrotheni lezilwane kugaywe amahora 4-6, yemifino - amahora 4-5. Iningi umsebenzi ukudla cleavage is nasemkhakheni duodenum, okuyinto iyangena Amapayipi kwamanyikwe futhi isibindi. Emathunjini amancane inqubo kubaluleke kakhulu bokuphila - ukuncela izindonga glucose villi futhi ama-amino acid egazini, futhi glycerol futhi fatty acid e-lymph.

indlala wokugaya ukudla

Ukuze banamathele kokubili nezitshalo nezilwane ukudla, zidinga uhlelo enzyme uyakwazi okonakele amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate kanye lipids. Factory esikhiqiza izinto eziphila abakhuthele, ngokuyinhloko amanyikwe. Ngakho-ke, indoda, nomzingeli noma uhlaza usebenzisa juice pancreatic sekufikeni imbobo pancreatic ku duodenum sokudiliza amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate namafutha. Isibindi - indlala ngobukhulu wokugaya ukudla. amaseli wakhe - hepatocytes ukukhiqiza Bile. It has yokuwasha izakhiwo kanye emulsifies amafutha. Zaziziningi izilwane umsebenzi eliphezulu enzyme ukuthi sokudiliza amaprotheni, ebonwe konemimoya wavuma ane-alikhali. eziphilayo herbivorous eziqukethwe pancreatic juice enzyme ukuthi ninamathele cellulose, lignin, kanye nemikhiqizo ye dissimilation yabo.

Ithumbu elikhulu: izici kwesakhiwo zezilwane ezihlukahlukene

Kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo isebenta njengoba ukuncela amanzi electrolyte izixazululo, synthesis B amavithamini kanye esiphuthumayo indle. Three emathunjini ezinkulu: ekuntweleni, transverse zenyuka ikholoni izilwane ezidla ezinye emifushane kunobukaJohane ezidla uhlaza, ikakhulukazi ruminants. Ubude emathunjini elikhulu indoda 1-2 amamitha, okuyinto isikhathi eside kunaleso we carnivores. Kule ngxenye esiswini kwabantu, njenganoma eziphilayo herbivorous, iqukethe esiningi amagciwane lapho ukubola cellulose. Ngokusekelwe emaqinisweni osekukhulunywe ngakho, kubonakala ukugomela ngempela impikiswano ukuthi indoda - Umzimba inyama kanye nohlelo lwayo wokugaya ukudla kungcono bazivumelanisa Ukugaya amaprotheni isilwane.

segolide kusho

Phakathi eziphilayo heterotrophic abe iqembu izilwane izitho zabo wokugaya ukudla ukuze ubhekane ngokuphumelelayo nalesi ukugaya kokubili nezitshalo nezilwane ukudla. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-omnivores, ezifana bear, ingulube, inhloli. Umuntu Ungaqhubeka futhi kulolu hlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is a ahlukahlukene, esigcwele Ukudla okusinika Impilo yomzimba nokuphimisela ngokucacile engqondweni. Laba balandeli ka imifino axwayisa slagging amathumbu metabolites okuvela ezilwaneni.

Ngempela, imikhiqizo amaprotheni nokwaphuka enobuthi kakhulu. Kodwa ngubani sicindezelwa inyama nsuku zonke? Ubani liyakwenqabela induku handling izinsuku udle ngalesi sikhathi ukudla isilwane? Kanjani hhayi kokukhumbula zwi nasegumbini Delphic: ". Isilinganiso zonke izinto" No kancane ubuhlungu abantu abaningi, ukudla ukudla isitshalo kuphela, ikakhulukazi uma umuntu enkingeni eziswini fibre. Imibono ziningi futhi ngokuvamile iqiniso kunjalo, amanga endaweni ethile phakathi. Futhi impendulo yombuzo ophathelene nokuthi umuntu - nomzingeli noma uhlaza, ngamunye wethu uyoba yayo.