Isinqumo izinkinga Dynamics. D'Alembert-Isimiso

Njengoba isayensi ehlukile Mechanics theory Ifundiso esihlanganisa imithetho jikelele ezinyakazayo mechanical kanye nokuxhumana zemizimba impahla. I ekuthuthukeni kwale sayensi ekuqaleni wathola njengoba physics kwesigaba, ukuthatha njengesisekelo i axiomatic, itholakala igatsha ahlukene wesayensi yemvelo.

Isixazululo ezinkingeni ze-Dynamics ngaphakathi kohlaka Mechanics ezincwadini isihloko is lula kakhulu usebenzisa isimiso d'Alembert. It itholakala lokuthi ukuthi sekulinganisa ka wonke amabutho esebenzayo, okuyinto isinyathelo iphuzu uhlelo mechanical, futhi ukusabela izibopho ekhona kungenxa ikhumbula amabutho okuthiwa inertia. Izibalo, lokhu okushiwo njengoba summation lwazo zonke izinto ezibalwe ngenhla, okuyinto umphumela zero.

Sam D'Alembert Leron Jean (1717-1783) is emhlabeni eyaziwa ngokuthi uthishela esikhulu, esikhonza usezuze impumelelo enkulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi. Mathematics, omakhenikha, ifilosofi kwavele ukuhlaziywa kwengqondo bakhe abafuna ukwazi. Ngenxa yalokho yemisebenzi D'Alembert wathinta izinhlelo impahla (D'Alembert sika isimiso), echaza umehluko yabo zibalo, okungukuthi nokwenziwa kwemigomo yemithetho. Jean Leron sasifanele perturbation imfundiso yokuziphendukela amaplanethi, wayehumusha ukunakwa okuningi ekutadisheni imfundiso yokuziphendukela uchungechunge futhi umehluko zibalo, umqulusizinda. A kazwelonke French, D'Alembert waba ilungu zokuhlonipha amazwe Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Merit isazi engumFulentshi ezahlela isimiso zokuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi Dynamics, ephinde ebizwa ngegama lakhe, itholakala lokuthi ukuthi, sibonga ukusetshenziswa kwaso ukuze kuhlolwe izinqubo ashukumisayo avunyelwe ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingaphezu okulula Mechanics kwezibalo. Ngenxa lula nokutholakala lokhu isimiso (isimiso D'Alembert) ithole isicelo ebanzi kwezobunjiniyela umkhuba.

Sisebenzisa isimiso esikulesi ka d'Alembert nephuzu impahla

Sungula ukusebenzisana ngokufanayo nokucacisa, study algorithm kohlelo olulodwa mechanical kusiza isimiso of D'Alembert. Kulokhu akukho ukuncika imibandela emiswe ku ukuhamba kwayo. Dynamic umehluko zibalo motion ukuze ngesimo zibalo zilingana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha luhlolo nonfree ezithile iphuzu impahla M okuyinto ofeza ukunyakaza kanye ijika AB e umphumela isenzo amabutho iyasebenza nge nomphumela F, singasetshenziswa notation N ngenxa yokusabela force (umthelela ijika AB at M). Ngenisa ibutho F, N, O kule ndaba eziyisisekelo echaza Dynamics iphuzu, sithola uhlelo convergent ebonisa isimo yakhoibrium kohlelo oluthile. Inani F lichaza isenzo amabutho ka inertia futhi inenani ezimbi. Lona ukusetshenziswa d'Alembert simiso izibalo mayelana iphuzu impahla.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nale ndlela sithola impela okunemibandela kwesibalo kunenze nisondelane amabutho, isetshenziswa silinganise amabutho inertia kohlelo. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, d'Alembert isimiso inikeza ikhambi elilula futhi esilula izinkinga ebudlelwaneni.

Ukusebenzisa D'Alembert isimiso ohlelweni mechanical

Sikwazile ukufeza yalokho omuhle the Dynamics inkinga ngoba iphuzu impahla, singakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphepha ku enguqulweni yamanje eziyinkimbinkimbi yenkinga, esebenzisa isimiso of d'Alembert uhlelo lokukhanda.

Equation for uhlelo azihlukile kakhulu kusukela equation for iphuzu. Umehluko ebalulekile itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ukubala uhlelo mechanical sibambekile nganoma isiphi isikhathi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukuthi uthole nomphumela wazo zonke amabutho amanani ukusabela kanye nobudlelwano phuzu inertia amabutho.

Ukusebenzisa izindlela ngenhla kanye nezimiso akaziqhathululanga esiphikisayo umthetho eyisisekelo physics. Kunalokho, ngisho noma ingxenye ethile abazingelwa lula izinqumo. Le ndlela akazange avele aphume ndawo, zonke iziphetho ezinkulu zisekelwe eziyisisekelo imithetho Newton, izimiso German-Euler ukuthi ithole ukuthuthukiswa yayo izimiso ka d'Alembert.