Okumangazayo futhi nhlobo ukuphila ocean

Abantu Sekuyisikhathi eside ejwayele khona izitshalo ezihlukahlukene nezilwane ezweni. Futhi esikwaziyo ngokuphila olwandle? Uma kunokwenzeka ngokwezimo wehlukile? Omunye ngaphandle umdlalo inhlanzi ingatholakala amanzi awo? Ake ufune izimpendulo zale mibuzo ndawonye.

ezinhlobonhlobo ngendlela emangalisayo

Life olwandle kuhle kakhulu ahlukahlukene. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa yayo kungukuqala ukuphila emanzini olwandle. Lokhu kungase kuchaze lesi yokuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-150 eziyinkulungwane. Abamele tinhlobo letehlukene yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Uma uzama ukubala isisindo ingqikithi zonke izinhlobo olwandle lokuphila, izibalo zinkulu - eqinisweni kuba amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-60. Ocean njengoba engokwemvelo wasondela zonke izinhlobo emhlabeni organic. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana futhi lenyama, nezilwane ezincelisayo omkhulu. Kusukela ezihlukahlukene omkhulu yasendle olwandle kungukuthi ejwayele kuphela izicabucabu, centipedes nezilwane ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni.

Umehluko phakathi amanzi kanye nomoya

Phikisana yokuthi emoyeni futhi amanzi izindawo kuhluke izakhiwo zabo ezingokwenyama, kuyize. I aqueous naphakathi lokushisa basakaza ngenye indlela, ngokuhambisana ukwanda ingcindezi amanzi ukujula. Futhi khona kwelanga siyenzeka kuphela izingqimba engenhla. Lezi zici zokuphila olwandle kuthinte khona, nokuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Ngakho, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi amanzi liyakwazi ukusekela ukuphila emzimbeni endaweni ethile, akudingeki ukwakha amathambo eqinile ikakhulukazi noma izimpande. Ngakho-ke, ukuphila olwandle emelelwa Izilwane ezinkulu ezincelisayo ngokwemvelo, okuyinto njengoba blue whale ezaziwayo. Lesi silwane kuyizikhathi 25 ngoyisiwula kusinda kunakho Abakhe elikhulu ezweni - indlovu.

Nokho, kusukela ngo-ocean ulwelwe akudingeki ukuba simelane isici emoyeni, bese-ke akudingekile ukuba sikhule uhlelo strong impande, kodwa ingahlala emashumini ambalwa amamitha.

Uyini benthos?

Leli gama ongaziwa ichaza isiqalo nesigcino ezihlala olwandle nomhlabathi kuwo ophilayo. Ngesikhathi phansi olwandle, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zokuphila: zoobenthos futhi phytobenthos. Abamele zoobenthos, okungukuthi ezilwaneni nasezimileni, nokunye okuningi, futhi njengoba sisondela eduze kogu oluseningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe kanye naseziqhingini inombolo yabo ukwenyuka angajulile.

Zoobenthos ezinamagobolondo, izimbaza, inhlanzi ezinkulu nezincane. Ngu Phytobenthos baphathe ezihlukahlukene amagciwane kanye ulwelwe.

Kuyini plankton?

Nokho, nokuthi hlobo luni lokuphila olwandle ngaphandle le plankton? Lokhu ikakhulukazi eziphilayo eziphilayo, ezingalotshwanga enamathiselwe phansi, kodwa futhi ngenkuthalo azikwazi ukuhamba. Cishe bonke ukunyakaza plankton zenzeka ngenxa imisinga. Zogqinsi eliphezulu lamanzi, lapho kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga, populates phytoplankton. Siqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene ulwelwe. Kodwa zooplankton eziphilayo kukholamu amanzi.

Iningi ezinamagobolondo plankton isilwane lenyama. Lena ezahlukene ciliates, radiolarians kanye nabanye abameleli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umzimba coelenterate: siphonophores, jellyfish, ikamu jelly and pteropods encane.

Ngenxa omkhulu inani plankton izinhlanzi kanye zasemanzini izilwane Zihlale enikeziwe ngokusinikeza inala yokudla.

Kuyini nekton?

Igama elithi "nekton" ingekho ngokuvamile kakhulu, kodwa limelela uhlobo lokuphila, okuyinto saziwa kahle. Nekton - eziphilayo ezingasetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ukuhambisa emanzini. Lokhu ufudu, futhi pinnipeds futhi izilwane zasemanzini ezincelisayo. Ukuze nekton futhi zihlanganisa zonke izinhlobo izinhlanzi, i-squid, penguins nezinyoka amanzi.

Lesi sigaba yaba izingxenye

Life olwandle Kuyathakazelisa ngoba kudala izimo ukungalingani izakhamuzi ekujuleni ezahlukene. Ngakho, amanzi engajulile ngasogwini ngokuthi yisilinganiso Littoral. Lapha, injabulo yamanzi namagagasi - Kuyaziwa. Lokhu kwabangela eziphilayo ukuzivumelanisa noshintsho nsuku zonke sokuhlala emanzini futhi emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la magciwane njalo abathintekayo Ukushintshashintsha lokushisa, izinguquko usawoti kanye Surf. Ukuze sisinde in mibandela, izimbaza bawagxilise amatshe, izinkalankala igcinwe ukuziqonda izimpiko, inhlanzi ithole amaswidi ezikhethekile. A imfanzi starfish ngafunda simbe emhlabathini.

Ngakusasa zone - bathyal. Licala a 200 m ukujula, futhi uphela endaweni ka 2000 m. Bathyal zone Kutholwe ngaphakathi emthambekeni yezwekazi ukujula. I izitshalo kule ndawo badla imbuya ngothi, ngoba imisebe yelanga kumuntu ukujula angawi. Kodwa lapha iyikhaya izinhlanzi eziningi.

ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo ephakeme ngokuthi abyssal zone. Itholakala at amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka ezimbili ukujula. Kukhona amanzi alisebenzi futhi lokushisa ongaphakeme stably. Ocean usawoti ngesikhathi ukujula ezingase ukufinyelela 34,7%, ukukhanya engekho nhlobo. Izimila endaweni emelelwa zama-bacterium, ulwelwe. A nezilwane olujulileyo olwandle engavamile kakhulu. Izidumbu izilwane athambile futhi ethambile. Ezinye izinhlobo zayo eziningi sengisilethe ezihlobene eside uthembele phansi no swidi bakwazi ukuhambisa. Ezinye eziphilayo unamehlo omkhulu, kodwa abanye baba bengekho nhlobo. Izinhlobo eziningi izinhlanzi ekujuleni kolwandle flat, abanye eziphilayo bayakwazi ukuba kuvuthe.

Deep-amanzi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene Namanje bengayiqondi ngokugcwele, ngoba Uzalo ekujuleni kolwandle kunzima hhayi kuphela abantu kodwa futhi amathuluzi ucwaningo. ucwaningo Yande usebenzisa submersibles self ezinezinjini. Kodwa ukuphila zone Littoral futhi bathyal ibilokhu wafunda kakhulu.

INGCEBO YENDODA ulwandle isintu ewukudla okukhulu. Futhi okubaluleke nakakhulu, ukuthi amandla supply elicwile amavithamini kanye amaprotheni kalula digestible. Esikhathini ukudla ofanele hhayi kuphela abameleli isilwane, kodwa futhi flora. Into esemqoka ukuthi abantu akazange abheke lo mthombo ongashi lafunda aphathe ngokucophelela futhi kancane.