Khanyisa i-photosynthesis isigaba uhlobo inqubo

Photosynthesis njengoba enzeka chemical kuyinqubo lapho organic compounds akhiwa ukusabela amanzi nesikhutha. Isimo kubalulekile ukuthi inqubo ukugeleza ukukhanya, ne kokuzibandakanya zezinto photosynthesis. Flora izinto ezinjalo kukhona ane-chlorophyll, amagciwane - bacteriochlorophyll.

Cishe le ndlela yokusabela ngokwesimo sawo multi-esiteji kanye nesimo quantum. Multistage ebonakaliswa yokuthi ngesikhathi photosynthesis izinqubo zenzeka ngokulandelana kokuthola, ukuguqulela, bese usebenzisa quantum wathola yamandla okukhanya. Omunye amatjhuguluko anjengalawa ekuguquleni carbon dioxide ku udaba eziphilayo. A inqubo lapho kukhona amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi ATP-molecule compounds ngokuthi isigaba ukukhanya ye-photosynthesis. The main isimo isici futhi ukugeleza le simiswe khona amandla okukhanya. Mshini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lolu shintsho njengoba esigabeni ukukhanya photosynthesis kungenziwa schematically elabekwa kanje. Ane-chlorophyll, isendaweni ulwelwesi ku chloroplast izitshalo, zidla fluxes ukukhanya amandla elanga. Khona-ke, lokhu amandla kunomthelela izakhi uxhumano wali band acid oluxube ATP futhi Adp molecule. Nokho, lo msebenzi amandla okukhanya akugcini. Ngaphandle ukuchayeka inqubo Fusion amangqamuzana, lokhu amandla kwenza ukuba afeze ukusabela izakhi amanzi eqhekeza. Lapha, esigabeni ukukhanya photosynthesis igelezela kuzo yokusabela 2H20 = 4H + 4e- + O2. Njengoba singabona, umphumela okunjena ukhonza-mpilo Evolved okuyinto ke ingena ifomu mahhala imvelo yemvelo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo, lapho beqaphela esigabeni ukukhanya ye-photosynthesis, iyona ukusebenza chlorophyll molecule. Kule nqubo, ngaphansi kwethonya ukukhanya Quanta chlorophyll-molecule uhamba electron kuya ephakeme electron ezingeni e isakhiwo-molecule. Catalysts futhi electron abathwali ukuthi kukhona izakhi we amaprotheni chloroplast. Kudlulwa ukulandelana edatha enkampani yenethiwekhi amaphrotheni, i-chlorophyll-molecule electron uphoqelekile ukuba ulahlekelwe amandla ayo, futhi okunikezwa nokugcinwa inqubo redox ka ATP molecule.

Ngakho walahlekelwa amandla zayo nezinto (electron), i-chlorophyll-molecule zibuyiselwe ngokwengeza electron okwakukhona umphumela ukugeleza kakade ngenhla cleavage ukusabela izinhlayiya zishintshe amanzi. hydrogen Kwakheka ku inqubo cleavage is kuhlelwe nomunye into ongenza indima yayo elihambayo ngaphakathi chloroplast.

Izitshalo ngokwemvelo khona izimo emnyama, okungukuthi lapho ukugeleza yamandla okukhanya etholakalayo. Ngakho-ke, i-photosynthesis senzeka futhi amnyama isinyathelo, okuyinto eyenziwa esikhaleni elele phakathi bezinhlamvu kanye thylakoids chloroplast. Ukuze nalesikhathi sokuphela amandla okukhanya ayidingeki futhi ukusabela yakhiwe ngesikhwama ukulandelana izinqubo ezinguquko-carbon dioxide molecule ngokufaka umoya wabo. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi kugucuka enjalo kuphuma kumiswa glucose amangqamuzana, ikakhulukazi nezinye organic compounds. compounds ezinjalo zihlanganisa ama-amino acid, ama-nucleotide, kanye zonke glycerol ezaziwayo.

Ngaphezu photosynthesis isigaba ngokuhlukana, ngezigaba kubhekwe kwezesayensi kakhulu kule nqubo engokwemvelo ngohlobo. Khona-ke abakhululiwe eziyinhloko C3-photosynthesis, futhi C4-photosynthesis, okuyinto ukukhiqiza, ngokulandelana, futhi abathathu abane-kwakwakhe.