Melika: labantu izwekazi, kwaqala futhi izici

Americas siqukethe amazwekazi amabili amakhulu - amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika. On endaweni yokuqala 23 ezinkulu nezincane geqe, futhi ingxenye amazwe 15 yesibili. Abantu bomdabu nazi amaNdiya, Eskimo, Aleuts, nabanye. Ngemva kokutholakala kwe-Nguqulo Yezwe uChristopher Columbus ngo-1492, kwaqala ukwenziwa kwamakoloni asebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kulo lonke leli zwekazi sabantu American manje futhi elisuka European. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokwesitatimende, umlando, amaViking lokuqala wavakashela lapha eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule. Nokho, uhambo lwabo ayembalwa, ngakho nomthelela obalulekile labantu alwenziwa.

Ukwakheka yobuhlanga kwabakhileyo North American

Kusukela namuhla, ezwekazini eNyakatho Melika labantu ngokuyinhloko imele inzalo British, isiFulentshi, futhi abantu abaningi baseSpain azinza lapha phakathi ikoloni. Kule ndaba, iningi bendawo lamazwe zisebenzisa izilimi ukhathazekile. Wenza okuhlukile kungase kubhekwe ezinye izizwe zamaNdiya, ngokuyinhloko abahlala ensimini ka eMexico. Baye ukulondoloza ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko kuze kube namuhla. Cishe abayizigidi ezingu-amabili baseMelika bangamaNigro. Okhokho babo zalethwa lapha e-Afrika ngo-bamakoloni ukunikeza izigqila emasimini wendawo. Manje basuke ngokusemthethweni njengengxenye isizwe American futhi ikakhulukazi bahlala e-United States, kanye naseCaribbean, lapho kukhona inani elikhulu mulattos futhi abayingxube.

usayizi Population kanye kwabantu

Inani labantu aseNyakatho Melika idlula abantu abayizigidi ezingu-528. Iningi lazo tibheke e-United States, eCanada nase-Mexico. Emazweni ezimbili zokuqala ubuswa inzalo ka abasuka eFrance naseNgilandi, kanti eyesithathu - eSpain. Izizwe lokuqala ophucukile lapha zadalwa Mayan futhi-Aztec. Isici ezithakazelisayo ephawula ezwekazini i-Nyakatfo Melika - sabantu isakazwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu. inhlanganiso wayo eliphakeme nasemkhakheni Caribbean kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu. Lapha kuba abantu engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili square kilometre. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sibalo ngempela high abasengxenyeni esempumalanga yaleli zwekazi futhi e-United States.

Ukwakheka yobuhlanga kwabakhileyo eNingizimu neMelika

Ngokuyinhloko, ezwekazini yeNingizimu Melika labantu imelelwa izinhlanga ezintathu ezinkulu - Caucasoid, Mongoloid futhi enkabazwe. Ukwakheka kwalo ezinhlanga ezithile kuwubulungisa ikakhulu okuhlobene ezinye izici ekuthuthukiseni zomlando esifundeni. Okwamanje, kukhona ukuphila abameleli ezingaba ngu-250 bezizwe, eziningi zazo, ngokungafani North, kwakhiwa esanda kutholakala. Bamba iqhaza ekwakhekeni yabo wathatha amaNdiya zomdabu kanye nabokufika European futhi nezigqila zase-Afrika.

Manje labantu eNingizimu neMelika ikakhulukazi siqukethe ezixubile - inzalo ka abanqobi ka eSpain nasePortugal, owawazalelwa ku leli zwekazi. Uma siqala kusukela kule ipharamitha njengoba inombolo, kulandele abayingxube futhi mulattos. Iningi uthi etholakala lapha, has a isakhiwo kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi abahlali, esekelwe iphuzu yobuhlanga umbono. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Brazil kukhona mayelana ayisishiyagalombili izizwe (ngaphandle kwesincane kunazo zonke), e-Argentina - ngamashumi ayisihlanu, eVenezuela, Peru, eChile, Colombia futhi Bolivia - engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezweni ngalinye.

Inani labantu-South America kanye kwabantu bayo

Ngokusho idatha zakamuva ezisemthethweni, inani labantu eNingizimu neMelika idlula uphawu abantu abayizigidi 382. inhlanganiso kwesilinganiso sayo zaleli zwekazi ungaphakathi uhla kusuka izakhamuzi square kilometre ayishumi kuya amathathu. Lesi sibalo ingaphansi kuphela Bolivia, Suriname, Guyana kanye eFrench Guiana. ENingizimu Melika, abacwaningi abaningi ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlala - ngaphakathi priokeansky. Eyokuqala yalezi libhekene ngokuyinhloko emazweni zase-Andes (isib Bolivia, okuyinto elinezintaba eziningi zomhlaba), kanti eyesibili - emazweni kabani ukuthuthukiswa kuthonywa ikoloni elandelwa abantu baseYurophu (Argentina, Brazil).

Izilimi eNingizimu Melika

Isibalo sabantu baseNingizimu Melika emazweni amaningi bekhuluma iSpanishi. He is noyisikhulu uthi abaningi bendawo. Kulokhu, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa yokuthi iqukethe omningi zokweboleka olimini lwesiNgisi, lwesiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane nesiJalimane. indawo Okwesibili kungokwalabo isiPutukezi ezwekazini. Zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke kuwo njengenkondlo ebonisa olusemthethweni, kuyinto Brazil. Phakathi abakhuluma isiNgisi ezindaweni kungenziwa kuphawulwe Guyana, okuyinto yake ingakaze ibe ikoloni laseBrithani. EParaguay, eBolivia nasePeru, isimo yesibili kukhona ngezilimi zaseNdiya ezingu --Aztec, Guarani futhi isiQuechua ngokwezinga.