Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, uyise Aleksandra Nevskogo. Phakathi nokubusa Yaroslav Vsevolodovich

UJarosław odlale indima enkulu emlandweni wezwe lethu. Ukubusa kwakhe kwaba kokubili zikhathi emihle nemibi. Konke lokhu, kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko. Phawula futhi ukuthi indodana Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, u-Alexander saseNevsky (uphawu sikhonjiswa ngezansi), eyaduma kulo lonke leli zwe njengoba umholi elikhulu lempi, futhi abagcotshwa njengosanta yiSonto LamaKatolika. Kodwa namuhla sizoxoxa hhayi ngaye, lokhu ngoyise, okubusa kwakhe kwaba engenakulibaleka.

Asiqale indaba yethu. Ukuze uqale nge nezinsuku ukhiye ezihambisana negama Yaroslav. Yazalwa ngo-1191, ngo-February 8. Nge 1212 ku 1238 - wokubusa Yaroslav Vsevolodovich e Pereslavl-Zalessky. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene wabuye waba ngukumkani Novgorod (1215, nge 1221 ku 1223 kuya 1224 ngo 1228 1230 by 1236). Akhombise Torzhok, wabusa-ke kusukela 1215 by 1216. Yaroslav kwaba Grand Duke Kiev 1236 by 1238. Nge 1238 ku 1246 GG. olwenziwa iBhodi Yaroslav Vsevolodovich Vladimir.

Vsevolod washona ngo 1212. Washiya Yaroslav Pereslavl-Zaleski. Vsevolod phakathi kwamadodana akhe, uGeorge uConstantine ngokushesha waqala ukuxabana. Yuri ohlangothini wanika uJaroslav. Kabili waya ukumsiza nge Pereyaslavets yakhe, e 1213 kanye 1214, ngokulandelana, kodwa icala phambi impi akazange afike.

Ukufika Yaroslav eNovgorod, ukwenqaba wokubusa

Novgorod ngo-1215 abamenyiwe Yaroslav ukuba wokubusa kwakhe. Mstislav Mstislavich le Bold, owayesanda nje okuphume edolobheni, washiya okuningi abasekeli eNovgorod. uvele Neze, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ngaphambilini etilongweni boyars ezimbili. Wabe esesiletha ngokumelene Chamber Yakuna Namnezhicha. Abantu baqala yokuphangwa enkantolo yakhe, kanye Boyar Ovstrata nendodana yakhe wabulala abakhileyo emgwaqweni Prussian. Yaroslav akakuthandanga lokhu kuzihlola intando. Wayengafuni ukuba ahlale isikhathi esijana eNovgorod waya Torzhok. Lapha uJaroslav eqala ukubusa, futhi wathumela kumbusi Novgorod. Kulokhu, walandela isibonelo sikayise, umkhulu wakhe, ababeshiye Rostov futhi osungulwe ngokwabo emadolobheni entsha.

Njengoba Yaroslav yanqoba Novgorod

Kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba ithuba ziphazamise Novgorod futhi ekugcineni niwunqobe intando yakhe: frost ekwindla waphula parish Novgorod sonke isinkwa, walondoloza kuphela sokuvuna Torzhok. UJaroslav ngaphambilini ukuba kudlule phansi emhlabeni akukho ezinqoleni lwesinkwa impumuzo indlala. Novgorod e bayabhekana nalokhu kucindezeleka wathunyelwa Yaroslav boyars ezintathu ukuze kubuyiswe isikhulu Novgorod. UJaroslav imisiwe Ukufika. A indlala Okwamanje kwaqina, abantu kwadingeka ukuba amaqabunga lime, uphayini amagxolo, moss. Banika ebugqileni esiphakade of izingane zabo. Yonke indawo walala nezidumbu abafileyo - endle, emigwaqweni, kwi-Market Place. Abazange bathola nasikhathi sokudla inja. Izakhamuzi eziningi nje abafela kuyo ngenxa yendlala, abanye baya e beyofuna ukuphila okungcono emazweni angaphandle.

Novgorod Kuphelile zanquma ukubathumela imeya Yuri Ivanovich kanye nezicukuthwane ukuze Yaroslav. Ke azama futhi mema isikhulu yena, kodwa lowo beyalwa ukuba agqunywe nazo. UJaroslav ethunyelwe Novgorod esikhundleni ekuphenduleni ezimbili boyars wakhe ukuba athathe unkosikazi wakhe. Izakhamuzi ebuzwa isikhulu inkulumo yokugcina. Waboshwa ngemva Novgorod futhi zonke izimenywa. Umlobi womlando ufakazela ukuthi baye ukukhala usizi eNovgorod. Kodwa Yaroslav Vsevolodovich abazange bazilalele salawo izakhamizi. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi - ikhophi kwesigqoko salo. Ibilahlekile e 1216 empini lipitsa futhi ezitholakala 1808

Ukufika Mstislav eNovgorod

Yaroslav ukubala wayeqinisile: kwakungelula ukuba simelane edolobheni nalezo zimo ezinzima. Nokho, elaseRussia wayesalokhu Mstislav eqinile. Mstislav II benamagangangozi ukufunda ngalokho okwenzekayo e Novgorod, efika lapho 1216. Wadonsa G. Hoth, imeya Yaroslav, reforge izikhulu zakhe, wathembisa ngokuthi ngeke ushiye Novgorod.

Impi nge Mstislav

Ukuzwa konke lokhu, uyise ka-Aleksandru saseNevsky Yaroslav Vsevolodovich waqala ukulungiselela impi. Yayala ukuba benze Zaseki endleleni eya emfuleni. Tvertsa. Prince wathumela abantu 100 kusukela ezibonakala abaqotho kuye izakhamizi Novgorod eceliwe bavukele Mstislav futhi ukushayela ngaphandle komuzi. Kodwa laba bantu 100, ngokushesha nje lapho efika e Novgorod, ngokushesha wathatha ohlangothini Mstislav. Mstislav le Bold wathumela umpristi Torzhok, usithembise isikhulu emhlabeni, uma kuzovumela abantu. Yaroslav isiphakamiso akakuthandanga. UmPristi wathumela kuye, wavumela ingaphendulwa, futhi bonke labo ababoshwe Torzhok, Novgorod (phezu anamabini amawaka) ngokuthi zokulakha emkhakheni, sayalwa ukuba sibe nezinhloli buyela kubo ngamaketanga futhi wathumela emizini yabo. Futhi amahhashi impahla wanika esikwatini.

Nokho, lesi senzo waphambana kokwesikhulu. Novgorod, abasala e-edolobheni, 1 Mashi 1216 kwenziwe kanye Mstislav ngokumelene Yaroslav. Mstislav at p. Vazuza bajoyine Vladimirom Ryurikovichem Smolenskim, umzala wakhe. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, waphinde wathumela abantu Yaroslav nge sipho ukuthula, kodwa wala waphetha. Khona-ke, uVladimir Mstislav kuhanjiswe ku Tver. Baqala ukuba ashise awuthumbe emzaneni. UJaroslav sezwa ngalokho, basuka baya Torzhok Tver. Mstislav abayekanga futhi waqala basibhubhise kakade Pereyaslavskaya lesifunda. Wasikisela umfelandawonye naye Konstantinu Rostovskomu, lawo ngokushesha yamlandela. Ukusiza abazalwane befika Yaroslav uVladimir, Svyatoslav futhi Yuri, futhi nabo wonke amandla umhlaba Suzdal. Thina obize bonke, abantu kanye bendawo, futhi uma abazange babe ihhashi, futhi ngabe sengi- qhubeka ngezinyawo. Umlobi womlando uthi izingane waya Obaba, abazalwane balwe, obaba, abantwana, manene namanenekazi phezu izinceku nezigqila kuya master. Vsevolodovich kuxazululwe phezu komfula. Kze. Mstislav wathumela abantu Yaroslav, ukunikela ukukhululwa novotorzhtsev futhi Novgorod, Novgorod ukubuya Parish, uzishuthe, futhi ukwenza ukuthula nabo. Nokho, uJaroslav bese wenqaba.

Escape Yaroslav

ukuzethemba Vsevolodovich ngamandla abo iwine. Mstislav kwadingeka ukuba siphumele emfuleni. Lipica. Apreli 21 kwakukhona impi enkulu lapha. Ngomfutho omkhulu wamshaya Novgorod uJaroslav emashalofini. Pereyaslavets wabaleka, emva kwesikhashana wabaleka, onke amadoda empi. UJaroslav ihhashi yesihlanu yagijima Pereslavl (wamxosha ezine) futhi isango emzini.

Ukubulawa kwabantu ngobuningi iSikhulu Novgorod ne resin

Umlobi womlando uphawula ukuthi okubi kuqala kwakunganele, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi akayikhokhi sated ngegazi labantu. Ngo Pereyaslavl uyise saseNevsky Yaroslav Vsevolodovich ngaphambilini ukuze uthwebule bonke Smolensk futhi Novgorod, abaye lokudayisa umhlaba wakhe, futhi aphonse omunye phansi ukucasuka abaseduze, ezinye egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, lapho bonke sebafa (azungeze abantu 150).

Reconciliation Mstislav futhi uVladimir

Yuri Okwamanje lidlule uVladimir Mstislavovitch. Kube Constantine, umfowabo. Yuri waya Radilov, esisogwini eMfuleni iVolga. Nokho, uJaroslav Vsevolodovich wayengafuni ukuba lidele. Wanquma ukukhiya yena Pereyaslavl, bekholelwa ukuthi kokuba bahlala lapha. Nokho, ngesikhathi uConstantine Mstislav baya emzini, wesaba futhi waqala ukubabuza ngayo emhlabeni, futhi wangena umfowabo Constantine, emcela lokuphindisela izeqamthetho lapho zenze uVladimir futhi Mstislav, futhi indawo yokuhlala ngokwabo. UConstantine namanje endleleni ukubuyisana naye nge Mstislav. Lapho isikhulu efika e Pereyaslavl, uJaroslav izipho ocebile pha them umbusi. Ukuthatha izipho Mstislav wathumela nendodakazi yakhe, umka-Yaroslav, kuleli dolobha. UJaroslav izikhathi eziningi, wamcela ukuba aphathe ukubuyela kumkakhe, kodwa Mstislav wazibonakalisa engaguquki.

Yaroslav emuva ku Novgorod

Mstislav e 1218 ushiye Novgorod waya galich. Nalapha phakathi kwabantwana Novgorod waqala Nezinkinga. Ukuze ekunqanyulweni zabo kwakudingeka ubuze ngesikhathi Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Duke kwaphinde wathumela kuye 1221. Novgorod okungijabulisile + nayo, ngokuvumelana umlobi wezenzakalo. Lapho isikhulu waya sesifunda sakhe e 1223, bakhothama kuye futhi bamncenga ukuba uhlale. Nokho, uJaroslav akabalalelanga waya Pereslavl-Zaleski. Novgorod e 1224 kuhlulekile wayimemela wakhe okwesithathu. Yaroslav weza wahlala sikhathi eNovgorod, cishe iminyaka emithathu, zizivikele ezitheni ezahlukene ukuthi sifunda. Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi - uJaroslav Vsevolodovich phambi kwesihlalo sokwahlulela sikaKristu nge imodeli sethempeli uMsindisi.

Ukulwa naseLithuania

NaseLithuania abale 7000 kuya 1225 ezibhuqiwe emzaneni, zikhona mayelana Torzhok. Abanaso bafika edolobheni ngamakhilomitha amahlanu kuphela away. NaseLithuania wabulala abathengisi abaningi futhi wathatha zonke parish Toropetsk. Mayelana Usvyaty ababambanga Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Wagxumeka naseLithuania, kwashona abantu abangu-2000 futhi wathatha impango yabo baphanga. Ngo 1228 Yaroslavl esehambile Pereyaslavl, kusale amadodana abo Novgorod. Izakhamuzi lomuzi 1230 futhi wambiza. Isikhulu efika ngokushesha usethembise ukugcwalisa zonke izithembiso, kodwa wayesendaweni eNovgorod akuhlali phakade. Yibeke matasa amadodana Aleksandru Fedor.

Conquest yama-Jalimane

UJaroslav ngo-1234, baphikiswa amaJalimane kusukela Novgorod futhi regiments yabo. Waya ngaphansi St George, itholakala eduze komuzi. abantu baKhe wavumela niyolwa ezindaweni ezingomakhelwane nokubuthelela ukudla kwabo. Ingxenye amaJalimane wenza sortie kusukela Odenpe, elinye - kusukela St George, kodwa bayishaya Russian. Empini Kwafika abanye amaJalimane, kodwa ikakhulu they lahlekelwa emfuleni lapho iqhwa Ngahlukana ngaphansi kwazo. Sibambe ukunqoba, Russian ezibhuqiwe umhlaba. Bashisa isinkwa German futhi abantu kwakudingeka alalele. UJaroslav enza ukuthula no-Germany ku ezimvunayo kuzo ngokwazo kuphela.

Ukubusa Yaroslav ekhatsi Kiev, impi entsha

Ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi Michael Chernigov esalwa Galician isikhulu cornflowers futhi Daniilom Romanovichami, uJaroslav e 1236, eshiya indodana yakhe u-Alexander eNovgorod waya amatende. Wasethatha kanye laye abantu wekuvana Novgorod, ikhulu namashumi novotorzhan, Rostov futhi Pereyaslavl emashalofini saya eningizimu. UJaroslav zonakale Chernihiv wesifunda kanye wabusa Kiev.

Ukubusa kwakhe iminyaka engaphezu konyaka, kodwa ngokushesha baqala ukwazi Tartar ayehlasela nokubhubhisa ezweni uVladimir-Suzdal. Prince, ephonsa Kiev, waphuthuma waya enyakatho, kodwa lingafiki ngesikhathi. Ngezinye City wahlulwa Yuri Vsevolodovich. Wadutshulwa wabulawa empini. Yaroslav, lapho ezwa ngokufa kwakhe, waya ukubusa uVladimir. Wayegeza izidumbu nesonto, abantu esele bahlangana futhi waqala bachithe elokishini.

Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich eyenziwe 1239 ngokumelene naseLithuania owalwela eduze Smolensk. Wanqoba nabo, wabathululela isikhulu eyisithunjwa, bese etshalwe Smolensk Prince Vsevolod, indodana ka Mstislav Romanovich. Ngemva kwalokho, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich udumo impango enkulu emuva ekhaya.

Ukuthola elala Batu

Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isikhulu - zokuhlala elala AmaTatar Russian - kwakuseza. Batu ngokushesha ngemva ayehlasela Baskakov zithunyelwe eRussia a Saracen. Lo muntu bathumba abesifazane abangashadile amadoda, iziphanzi, yilowo nalowo mndeni othile wayenamadodana 3, wazithathela enye. Okunye izakhamizi, yena wanithwesa intela ukuthi kwakumelwe ikhokhwe ukuze indoda noboya ngamunye. Uma abantu engenalutho ayengakhokha ngalo, wayiswa ebugqilini.

Batu wakanisa zabo phezu loMfula iVolga. Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich waya lapha. Ngokusho umlobi wezenzakalo, Batu ehloniphekayo wathola Yaroslav nimyeke bajeziswe phakathi izikhulu eziphezulu Russian. Okungukuthi, ithole kanye uVladimir Kiev nezandla Baty, kodwa kwaba kuphela kuwumfuziselo ngemva kokubhujiswa amaTatar ka inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe nokufa Yaroslav

UConstantine 1245, wabuya wathi Ogedei kudinga uJaroslav ngokwakho. Yena hit umgwaqo futhi bafika ngo-August 1246 e Mongolia. Lapha Yaroslav Vsevolodovich uVladimir wafakaza nokubusa kwendodana ka yakhe Ugedeeva skiff. Ngawo lowo nyaka wafa Yaroslav. Unina babiziwe Khan, owamnika ukuba badle futhi baphuze ezandleni zakhe, ayethi uzokwenza ngazo sokusihlonipha. UJaroslav Vsevolod, Prince uVladimir, wadliswa ushevu futhi wafa ezinsukwini ezingu-7. Ngeshwa, yokulibiza ayaziwa isizathu esenza ngakho ayephatha ngayo Prince Russian. umzimba lakhe lalethwa eRussia futhi wangcwatshwa kweNyuka Cathedral Vladimir.