Wimbledon: umlando, incazelo, isiko

Tennis - omunye umdlalo ahlukile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho Wimbledon, has iminyaka 130 yomlando nasekusindiseni amasiko abo kuze kube yilolu suku. Ungomunye ohlonishwa kakhulu Grand Slam Championships ezine, aphethwe Zonke England ithenisi kanye Croquet club.

Umlando omncane

Konke kwaqala ngo-July 1877-th, lapho indawo the club, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeLondon (indawo Worple Road), ebanjwa umncintiswano wokuqala ithenisi, okuyinto kwakunabantu abangu-22. Lo mqhudelwano owawuse kuphela amadoda e abangashadile. Owinile eyajabula ngayo ngokuthola umklomelo guineas 35, wakhokhela kuphela omunye imincintiswano. Abasubathi ligcwaliswe ezinsukwini 4, futhi umdlalo wokugcina bakhangwa izibukeli 200, okwakunginika bahole imali encane abagqugquzeli. Iqhawe lokuqala, ufake igama lakhe emlandweni mqhudelwano, kwaba umninisitolo wendawo Spencer Gore.

Kusukela 1884, ku-zegceke kwakukhona abahlanganyeli lokuqala angaphandle kanye hlelo umncintiswano is kwahambisana by besifazane kanye kabili. Abawinile okuqala ayengelona Maud Watson Renshaw bazalwane, wahola ekuhleleni nasekukhuthazeni ukubekwa iminyaka embalwa. Ngo-1913, umdlalo waminyaka yonke inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe wanikezwa isimo ubuqhawe zomhlaba (kwakunamabandla amathathu) ku Turf. Imincintiswano abangu kuphazamisekile ngesikhathi wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi kuphela, ngokuba ngumbukwane mass ngempela.

Kusukela ngo-1922 lo mqhudelwano ishintshile indawo, kodwa kwakusasele endaweni London - Isonto Road, lapho iNkantolo Center ku abantu 13 500 lakhiwa. Izibukeli bayengelwa kokuqhuba lotto ahlukahlukene. Bayalithakasela Isasasa Esinalo mncintiswano liye lenyuka ngo-1937, lapho yokusakaza TV wokuqala wabanjelwa. Abameleli beNdikimba amazwe sezenhlalo baye bahlanganyela ukubamba iqhaza ubuqhawe eminyakeni 50. Kusukela ngo-1967, owokuqala Wimbledon Tennis Tournament uvuliwe ochwepheshe, kancane kancane wathola isimo omunye imincintiswano ezibaluleke kakhulu inetha.

Izinkantolo, luthi alufane

Namuhla, njengengxenye ithenisi eziyinkimbinkimbi izinkantolo 19 ngotshani. Central, nenombolo nababukeli abantu ayizinkulungwane 15, kanye neNkantolo №1, yethulwa ngo-1928, amabili kuphela amasonto ukusetshenziswa ngonyaka ngesikhathi yempi mqhudelwano. Umncintiswano balwe futhi eNkantolo №2, colloquially eyaziwa ngokuthi emathuneni ompetha, njengoba izindawo zalo bevame abadlali ukuhlulwa. On Centre Court 2009, ezakhiwe kombhede ngokuhambisa uma imvula. Ugesi alisetshenziswa, ngakho imidlalo edlalwa kuphela ngesikhathi sasemini.

Utshani sibekwa imiqulu, it is ngokukhethekile kwanda Yorkshire. Inhlabathi Ukwakheka hhayi wachazela. Esikwaziyo ukuthi utshani yakhiwa rye futhi fescue izinhlobo ezimbili, wokunakekela abantu 14 eliholwa isazi sezolimo, isikhundla okuyinto ehlonishwa kakhulu. Sward ukuphakama - 8 mm, ukuthi enamathela enjalo ukudlala ithenisi. Wimbledon wayedume yokuthi ku pads yakhe njalo flying amajuba, okuyinto ngesikhathi esisodwa libhujiswa uklebe. Manje sesisebenzisa izindlela nomusa ngaphezulu.

Ukwakheka

Kwaphela amasonto amabili, Wimbledon iba yindawo wokuncintisana abadlali hhayi kuphela professional edlala ngamadijithi amahlanu, kodwa Juniors kanye abadala, kanye abasebenzisi sabakhubazekile. Kuze 1924 Amaqhawe kwangaphambili akuzange kuphela esiyindilinga ucingo, kodwa ngemva kokubusa izinguquko yatshalwa abadlali bese udweba nsuku kazwelonke, lapho abawinile babe izimo alinganayo nabanye abadlali. Nge ukwethulwa ngo-1973, ATP simo ayekile ukunquma indlela yokwakheka amaqembu abambe nemifelandawonye kazwelonke.

Wimbledon lihlukile abanye abadlali zokutshala 32 akuxhomekile simo olusemthethweni, kodwa imiphumela ukusebenza yabadlali kutinkhantolo utshani eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokwesiko, ngesikhathi 3 amaviki ngosuku olwandulela Wimbledon imincintiswano "Amakhosi" uchungechunge sokulungiselela umdlalo otshanini - esheshayo ithenisi ingqondo ne gxuma eliphansi ibhola.

amasiko

Umncintiswano ligcinwe ngaphansi ukusekelwa asebukhosini Great Britain, ngakho zihlukaniswa a conservatism ezithile nokuqashelwa esiqinile amasiko. Abahleli akusuki usuku eholela Countdown-1 Ingci ngoMsombuluko. Kubalwa amasonto 6, ngakho lo mqhudelwano 2016 waqala ngo-June 27. Arena namadlelo ahlotshiswe ngombala oluhlaza kanye imajenta, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje mncintiswano olusemthethweni. Abasubathi ziyadingeka avele ingubo emhlophe nge inani elincane lomphakathi wabo ifaka ka iyashintsha iyaphupha ibe shades. AbaHluleli ubheke abahlanganyeli besilisa esokuba ngamagama ukuba abesifazane - ne isiqalo "Miss" noma "UNkk".

idili Traditional at Wimbledon - strawberry eziyishumi nge cream. It zivela amapulazi British, lapho ngokukhethekile etshalwa izivakashi. Njengoba ukususwa kanye ukulethwa isivuno ubabonisa esingaphansi kosuku olulodwa. Ukuze umncintiswano kwesikhathi ibusa amapuleti ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 150.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

abawinile Male ukuthola umklomelo ngesimo inkomishi esiliva eyayibhalwe. Abesifazane - ugqoko esiliva. Kodwa into - kuba isinxephezelo yemali, okuyinto ivame ukuba wandise njalo ngonyaka. Ngo-2016 Wimbledon ephakanyiswe umklomelo ngemali 5%. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba elilingana kwezigidi ezingu 28.1 esingamakhilogremu (mayelana US $ 41 million). Abawinile e ibalula - waseBrithani ongazazi izindlela Endi Marrey futhi American Serena Williams - Uthole Imininingwane pounds 2 million. Lokhu ukulingana uhola Countdown 2007, nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bakubheka njengodumo noma kungalungile lokhu, isithombe ngoba amadoda ulichithe enkantolo ezikhathini 2 isikhathi ukudlala ngaphezulu.

Kusukela ngo-1977, i-Museum kwavulwa edolobheni elingasenyakatho yeLondon. Wimbledon livela ziphephile ezithakazelisayo futhi ngakuthathu-matrix ukuma Dzhona Makinroya, etshela i-game ethokozisayo. Izindlu Museum Maria Sharapova ingubo - 2004 owaphuma phambili mqhudelwano konyaka. Lesi sikhungo sisebenza unyaka wonke, ukuvala iminyango yalo uma sekuqhubeka le midlalo.

Phakathi irekhodi yenombolo zokunqoba - abadlali ithenisi abaye wawina isihloko izikhathi 7: Steffi Graf, Uilyam Renshou, Pete Sampras futhi Roger Federer. Martina Navratilova wakwazi ukukwenza izikhathi 9, elokugcina - eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-46.